A European Core Curriculum in Cariology: the knowledge base.

This paper is part of a series of papers towards a European Core Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students. The European Core Curriculum in Cariology is the outcome of a joint workshop of the European Organization for Caries Research (ORCA) together with the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE), which was held in Berlin from 27 to 30 June 2010. This paper presents a closer look at the knowledge base as presented in the European Core Curriculum in Cariology. It comprises not only traditional basic sciences, such as anatomy and histology, but also emerging sciences such as molecular biology and nanotechnology and also fields such as behavioural sciences and research methodology. The different supporting competences are elaborated and explained. The problems of implementing a curriculum that truly integrates this foundation knowledge into the clinical teaching are discussed.

Atomic force microscopy study regarding the influence of etching on affected and sclerotic dentine.

UNLABELLED: Aim of study is to compare the effect of etching with ortho-phosphoric acid on sound dentine, affected dentine and sclerotic dentine through AFM analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The group study included 30 extracted third molars, 20 with acute and chronic carious lesions and 10 intact teeth. Teeth were sectioned in long axe to prepare sections with carious lesions surrounded by sound dentine. The sound teeth were sectioned to a depth of dentine comparable with carious lesions depth. The sections were etched with 37% ortho-phosphoric acid. The surface roughness was determined initially and after etching using AFM analysis. The results were expressed as relative variation of squared roughness. RESULTS: The values of relative roughness indices were between 2.78 and 3 for sclerotic dentine, 3.18 and 3.26 for sound dentine, 3.32 and 3.38 for affected dentine. The highest values of roughness index were recorded for the affected dentine samples. Significant statistically values were recorded when comparing relative roughness indices for sclerotic dentine with relative roughness indices for affected dentine and sound dentine. CONCLUSIONS: clerotic dentine has significant higher resistance to the action of ortho-phosphoric acid than affected dentine and sound dentine. The lowest resistance to the action of etching agent was recorded for the affected dentine.

Evaluation of the Influence of Local Administration of Vitamin D on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement.

Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement is currently the subject of numerous scientific studies that aimed to improve the duration of orthodontic treatment. Several approaches had been performed in order to reduce the period in which a patient is subjected to orthodontic treatment. This are biological, surgical and physical approaches. Aim: This study has two purposes: first to assess the influence of local administration of vitamin D3 on orthodontic tooth movement and second to evaluate if there is any secondary effect of locally administration of vitamin D3 on dental roots. Material and methods: Every dental arch has been divided in two: one control quadrant and one experimental quadrant. The control canine received only conventional orthodontic treatment in comparison with the experimental canine who benefited from the association between orthodontic therapy and intraligamentary administration of vitamin D3. Results: 6 dental arches were studied. The average rate of tooth movement was greater in experimental canines compared to control canines. We recorded an average of 70 % more tooth movement for the experimental teeth compared to control ones. The differences between the two quadrants (control and experimental) are statistically significant. Conclusions: Locally administration of vitamin D3 seemed to increase the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. No root resorption was found three months after the first administration of vitamin D3 evaluated on cone-beam CT exam (cone-beam computed tomography).

Hemoglobin Detroit: beta95 (FG2) lysine leads to asparagine.

Hb Detroit is a mutant which migrates between Hb A and Hb J Baltimore on cellulose acetate (pH 8.5), and with Hb A on citrate agar (pH 6.0). Globin chain analyses in alkaline and acid buffers reveal an abnormal beta chain with a mobility between the betaA and betaJ Baltimore chains. Structural characterization of this abnormal chain shows that lysine at position 95 is replaced by asparagine. No hematological abnormalities could be attributed to the presence of the mutant, and the oxygen affinity properties of the stripped hemoglobin are similar to those of Hb A. The beta95 residue which is substituted in Hb Detroit and also in Hb N Baltimore ((beta95 Lys leads to Glu) does not appear to be in a critical functional area of the molecule.

[Study regarding coronal fracture probability in posterior amalgam restorations]. / Studiul privind evaluarea probabilitatii de fractura coronara la restaurarile din amalgam pe dintii laterali.

Despite minimal invasive orientation in restorative dentistry, in Romania the necessary for extensive restorative treatment in posterior teeth is still high. The silver amalgam still remains a social treatment option for such situation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of a new method for analytical determination of the volume of restoration in posterior teeth, knowing that the risk for coronal fracture depends on the size of restoration. The study correlated the results obtained through this method with the real values (mathematically determined) of restorations and the anatomical crowns volumes in order to assess the risk fracture. Amalgam restorations of different types and sizes were placed in 24 extracted premolars and molars. A good global correlation was observed between the true and calculated value (98.321%). The best correlation was observed for MOD restorations (93.042%) while the worst coefficient was obtained for MO restorations (83.378%). The medium restorations presented o correlation of 99.288% and the extensive restorations had an index around 96.957%. This method is based on physics principles and objective measurement resulting in a good correlation with the real dimensions of cavities. Therefore it could be used to assess the risk of crown fracture in teeth with amalgam restorations.

[The influence of polymerization method on the mechanical properties of dental resins composites]. / Influenta modului de polimerizare asupra proprietatilor mecanice ale materialeleor compozite.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to asses the influence of the time, method and type of light curing on the compressive strength of dental composites. Dental composite resin (T-Econom, Ivoclar Vivadent) was cured for 10, 30 or 40 sec. with either a commercial conventional halogen light curing unit (LCU)--Hilux, (Benliodlu Dental Inc), or a light emitting diode (LED), LCU-Bluedent LED Smart. The compressive strengths were determined after 72 h on samples 3 mm in diameter and 7 mm high using FPZ 100/1 device. RESULTS: The samples cured with LED LCU for 40 seconds in pulse mode showed the smallest values of compressive strength (245 MPa), while those cured with LED LCU for 40 seconds in ramp mode reached the highest values (295 MPa). Similar values for compressive strength were found for the samples polymerized with conventional halogen LCU and the samples cured with LED LCU in constant mode (283 MPa and 285 MPa, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Compressive strength depends on the light type and method. Tested LED curing light seems to induce similar compressive strengths as the halogen-based light. Using this conventional light curing unit requires at least 40 seconds of exposure in order to achieve adequate compressive strength. The LED light curing unit should be used in the ramp mode for at least 40 sec, followed by 10 sec in fast mode in order to achieve the best results.

[Use of biopolymer membrane diplen-F in treatment of initial enamel carious lesion on smooth surfaces]. / Utilizarea membranelor biopolimerice diplen-F în tratamentul leziunilor incipiente de smalt de pe suprafetele netede.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of using a fluoride product included in a biodegradable membrane in remineralization of initial enamel carious lesions. The membrane has anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and remineralization properties, with a long-term effect. The efficiency of this treatment was assessed by measuring the surface of the demineralization area and its depth. The results proved that the use of this membrane in association with remineralization therapy of the initial enamel carious lesions increase the chances of success and represents a simple solution easily accepted by the patients.

[Effect of saliva contamination on microleakage around class-5 cavities restored with three different types of adhesive materials]. / Influenta contaminarii cu saliva asupra percolarii cavitatilor de clasa A V-A restaurate cu trei tipuri de materiale adezive.

The recent improvement of adhesive materials should decrease the risk related to saliva contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of saliva contamination on the microleakage within class V cavities restored with three different types of materials: conventional glass ionomer cement, composite resin and compomer. 30 human extracted teeth were randomly divided in 3 equal groups. In each group, class V cavities were prepared on both facial and lingual surfaces (but joint for glass ionomer cement and bevelled incisal margin for composite resin and compomer). The lingual cavities were contaminated with saliva prior to restoration, while the facial cavities were not contaminated, serving as control. After water storage for 24 hours, teeth were immersed in 1% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. The axial sections were viewed under an optical microscope and the extent of dye penetration along cervical, axial and incisal margins was measured in millimetres. Statistic analysis showed that under salivary contamination, microleakage increased along the cervical margin of restoration for all three tested materials. Saliva contamination resulted in microleakage within the axial wall of the cavity only for the conventional glass ionomer cement. These data indicate that composite resin and compomer used together with new adhesives seem to be less sensitive to saliva contamination compared to conventional materials. However, under saliva contamination, cervical microleakage cannot be completely prevented and proper isolation should still be mandatory.