RESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the previously unknown SARS-CoV-2 Betacoronavirus made it extremely important to develop simple and safe cellular systems which allow manipulation of the viral genome and high-throughput screening of its potential inhibitors. In this review, we made an attempt at summarizing the currently existing data on genetic engineering systems used to study not only SARS-CoV-2, but also other viruses from the Coronaviridae family. In addition, the review covers the basic knowledge about the structure and the life cycle of coronaviruses.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Coronaviridae , Coronaviridae/genética , Engenharia Genética , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
A serious problem in the treatment of HIV infection is the emergence of drug-resistant forms of the virus. One promising approach to solving this problem is the development of inhibitors of the interaction between viral proteins with cellular co-factors. However, the development of this approach is hampered due to the lack of knowledge about the involvement of cellular proteins in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. In particular, it is known that the integration of viral DNA into the host genome generates numerous lesions in the cellular DNA, the repair of which is absolutely necessary for successful replication of the virus. However, it is still unknown which cellular proteins are involved in repairing this damage. In this review, we summarize what is known to date about the role of cellular repair systems in the replication of HIV-1 in general, and in the repair of damage that occurs during the integration of viral DNA into a cell's genome, in particular.
Assuntos
Reparo do DNA , DNA Viral , Genoma Humano/genética , Infecções por HIV/genética , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/crescimento & desenvolvimento , HIV-1/genética , Replicação Viral , Dano ao DNA , HumanosRESUMO
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is among the best-studied viruses, but some aspects of HIV-1 biology remain obscure. The role of cell proteins in virus replication raises especially many questions. One of the proteins is DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which performs crucially important functions in the human body. DNA-PK is known to influence at least two stages in the HIV-1 life cycle, the integration of viral genome in cell DNA and transcription of the integrated provirus. Many details regarding this influence remain unresolved. The review summarizes the known data on the DNA-PK role in the HIV-1 life cycle and its influence on the replication of other members of the family Retroviridae. In the beginning of this review there is a short explanation of the DNA-PK cellular functions that are especially important for understanding its role in the HIV-1 replication.
RESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the previously unknown SARS-CoV-2 Betacoronavirus made it extremely important to develop simple and safe cellular systems which allow manipulation of the viral genome and high-throughput screening of its potential inhibitors. In this review, we made an attempt at summarizing the currently existing data on genetic engineering systems used to study not only SARS-CoV-2, but also other viruses from the Coronaviridae family. In addition, the review covers the basic knowledge about the structure and the life cycle of coronaviruses.