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DESIGN: A review on antimicrobial resistance mechanisms discussing the main light-based antimicrobial approaches including ultraviolet light (UV), antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), and antimicrobial blue light (aBL). AIM: To describe antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and to present potential light-based alternatives to conventional antimicrobials. METHODS: The paper was divided into different topics, starting with an approach to antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Subsequently, emphasis was placed on innovative light-based antimicrobials approaches, including aBL, UV, and aPDT. RESULTS: The review suggests that blue light (400-470 nm) acts on endogenous porphyrins with peak absorption at 405 nm, thus not requiring the administration of photosensitizers, to trigger antimicrobial effects. In this regarding, the direct effect of aBL could be attributed to both the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces microbicidal effects, and the inactivation of bacterial defense mechanisms. In turn, blue light combined with curcumin has been used in the treatment of dental infections. Otherwise, green light (495-570 nm) associated with the photosensitizer Rose Bengal has shown promising results both in wound closure due to the induction of additional collagen cross-link formation and in reducing the viability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Red light (620-750 nm) is the wavelength most commonly used in aPDT, presenting superior tissue penetration capability compared to blue and green light. Both red and infrared light act directly as photobiomodulation agents, promoting tissue repair with greater penetration depth for the infrared spectrum. Conversely, red light combined with methylene blue is the most commonly used technique in the treatment of localized infections. Meanwhile, infrared light associated with indocyanine green acts as a photothermal and photosensitizing agent, promoting thermal damage and production of ROS. Ultraviolet lights UVA, UVB, and UVC (200-400 nm) have antimicrobial potential related to inducing changes in DNA and generating both ROS and singlet oxygen. Furthermore, light can enhance the efficacy of traditional antimicrobial agents by deactivating microbial resistance, both through increasing the permeability of the cell membrane and by inhibiting the efflux pump and ß-lactamases of the bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: The antimicrobial potential of light is extensive; however, there is a limitation regarding the depth of penetration of certain wavelengths into infected areas. Furthermore, there is a need for additional studies to determine the safety and efficacy of various approaches using light at its different wavelengths.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effects of lysozyme-chitosan oligosaccharide conjugates (LYZOX) against Streptococcus gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Planktonic S. gordonii and P. gingivalis were treated with various concentrations of LYZOX for 10 min. The treated bacteria were incubated on trypticase soy agar plates, and colony-forming unit (CFU) was calculated. The antibacterial effect of LYZOX was compared with that of lysozyme, chitosan, physiological saline, and benzalkonium chloride solution. Cell morphology before and after LYZOX treatment was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The antibacterial effect of LYZOX with decanoic acid against the biofilm-like bacteria was also examined via crystal violet staining. The Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc Dunn tests were performed to compare the difference in antibacterial activity of each treatment. RESULTS: Bacterial CFU numbers were reduced after LYZOX treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. The reduction in CFUs was smaller for corresponding concentrations of chitosan or lysozyme alone. SEM analyses revealed bacterial cells shrank following LYZOX treatment. The combined use of LYZOX and decanoic acid yielded an even higher antibacterial effect against bacterial biofilms. CONCLUSION: LYZOX exhibits antibacterial activity against two periodontal bacteria and may be a promising plaque control agent.
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AIM: To investigate the influence of chronological aging on periodontal regenerative therapy (PRT) outcomes with enamel matrix derivative (EMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 253 intra-bony defects (151 patients) including 44 furcation involvement were prospectively investigated for 3 years after regenerative therapy with EMD by evaluating probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and radiographic bone defect depth (RBD). The influence of age on these outcomes was assessed using multilevel regression analyses adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Participants' mean age was 55.9 ± 12.3 years (range: 22-85). Baseline PPD, CAL, and RBD were 6.14 ± 1.82, 7.22 ± 2.14, and 5.08 ± 2.04 mm, respectively. Significant improvement was observed with PPD reductions of 2.84 ± 1.73 and 2.87 ± 1.87 mm, CAL gains of 2.40 ± 1.87 and 2.47 ± 1.89 mm, and RBD gains of 1.76 ± 1.98 and 2.39 ± 2.41 mm at 1- and 3-year examinations, respectively. At the 1-year examination, multivariate analysis revealed a significant negative association between age and improvement in PPD and CAL (coefficients: -0.13, -0.23 mm per 10 years). However, by the 3-year examination, no significant association was noted between age and improvement in PPD, CAL, or RBD. CONCLUSION: Although the statistical difference was detected with age at 1-year examination, PRT with EMD significantly improved clinical outcomes on long-term observation, irrespective of the patient's age. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000039846.
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Proteínas do Esmalte Dentário , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada Periodontal , Adulto , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Proteínas do Esmalte Dentário/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
AIM: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the suppressive effect of high-frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation on bone resorption and its biological effects on gene expression and microbiome composition on the gingival tissue in ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ligating ligature around the teeth and/or laser irradiation was performed on the gingival tissue in mice as follows: Co (no ligature and no laser irradiation), Li (ligation without laser irradiation), La (no ligature but with laser irradiation), and LiLa (ligation with laser irradiation). Bone resorption was evaluated using micro-computed tomography. RNA-seq analysis was performed on gingival tissues of all four groups at 3 days after ligation. The differences in microbial composition between Li and LiLa were evaluated based on the number of 16S rRNA gene sequences. RESULTS: Bone resorption caused by ligation was significantly suppressed by laser irradiation. RNA-seq in Co and La gingival tissue revealed many differentially expressed genes, suggesting diode laser irradiation altered gene expression. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed mTORC1 signalling and E2F target gene sets were enriched in gingival tissues both in La and LiLa compared with that in Co and Li, respectively. The amount of extracted DNA from ligatures was reduced by laser irradiation, and bacterial network structure was altered between the Li and LiLa. CONCLUSIONS: High-frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation showed biological effects and suppressed bone resorption in ligature-induced periodontitis.
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Perda do Osso Alveolar , Reabsorção Óssea , Periodontite , Camundongos , Animais , Perda do Osso Alveolar/etiologia , Lasers Semicondutores/uso terapêutico , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Microtomografia por Raio-X/efeitos adversos , Periodontite/complicações , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain, the Omicron variant (Pango lineage B.1.1.529), was identified in South Africa in late September 2021. This variant has multiple spike protein deletions and mutations, with 15 amino acid substitutions detected in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). These RBD substitutions are hypothesized to increase infectivity and reduce antibody affinity, which is supported by recent data showing that the Omicron variant spreads faster than the Delta variant (Pango lineage B.1.617.2). Thus, this increase in infectivity should lead to Omicron being the dominant variant and developing screening tests that discriminate between Omicron and Delta variants is urgently needed. In this study, we successfully developed a novel screening assay using high-resolution melting analysis, in which two genotypes at G446/L452 and S477/T478 RBD were determined (G446S/L452 and S477N/T478K for Omicron; G446/L452R and S477/T478K for Delta). Using synthetic DNA fragments, we confirmed both melting point and melting peak shape of the RBD Omicron variant was distinguishable from those of wild-type and the Delta variant. Although this study was conducted without clinical samples, these results suggest that our high-resolution melting (HRM)-based genotyping method can readily identify the Omicron and Delta variants. This simple method should contribute to the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants and thus prevent potential widespread infection and inflow of the Omicron variant.
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Humanos , Mutação , Ligação Proteica , SARS-CoV-2/genéticaRESUMO
Phthalic acid (PA) diesters are widely used in consumer products, as plasticizers, and are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. There is a growing concern about their adjuvant effect on allergic diseases. Although its precise mechanism remains unknown, possible involvement of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) has been suggested. Hence, in this study, the activation of human and mouse TRPA1s by a series of PA di- and monoesters was investigated using a heterologous expression system in vitro. Consequently, it was found that monoesters activated human TRPA1, where EC50 values were in the order of mono-hexyl > mono-heptyl > mono-n-octyl > mono-2-ethylhexyl > mono-isononyl and mono-isodecyl esters. Significant species differences in TRPA1 activation by PA monoesters were also discovered; PA monoesters activated human TRPA1 but not mouse TRPA1 in a concentration-dependent manner up to 50 µM. These findings suggest that PA esters may exert TRPA1-dependent adverse effects on humans, which have never been demonstrated in experimental animals.
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Ácidos Ftálicos , Canal de Cátion TRPA1 , Animais , Humanos , Ácidos Ftálicos/toxicidade , Plastificantes , Especificidade da Espécie , Camundongos , Canal de Cátion TRPA1/metabolismoRESUMO
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are expressed by oral cavity cells in mammals and classically function as sensors for bitter compounds. There are 25 functional isoforms of human TAS2Rs, with individual bitter ligands. Each human TAS2R isoform is distributed in several tissues, such as the airway epithelia and gastrointestinal tract, and plays an important role in physiological functions. However, quantification of each isoform is difficult because of highly homologous sequences between some TAS2R isoforms. Therefore, differentiating the isoforms by their expression levels is suitable for clarifying the tissue-specific effects of bitter compounds. In this study, we developed a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method to determine the expression of each TAS2R isoform. Using plasmid standards harboring each isoform, we confirmed that the current assay can quantify the gene expression of each isoform, with negligible interference from other isoforms. In addition, our methods can successfully discriminate between the mRNA expression of each isoform in human cell lines and tissues. Therefore, this qPCR method can successfully quantify the mRNA level of each TAS2R isoform. This method will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the TAS2R ligand-activated signal transduction.
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Isoformas de Proteínas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Paladar , Animais , Humanos , Ligantes , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , RNA Mensageiro , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Transcrição GênicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Recently, the application of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser has been increasing in periodontal therapy. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the safety and effectiveness of a novel pocket therapy using Er:YAG laser in combination with conventional mechanical scaling and root planing treatment (Er:YAG laser-assisted comprehensive periodontal pocket therapy). METHODS: Forty sites in 29 elderly patients having residual periodontal pockets of ≥ 5 mm depth were treated by curette and Er:YAG laser from 2006 to 2009. After root debridement by curette, laser irradiation was performed on the root surfaces. Then, inflamed connective tissue on the inner gingival surface and on the bone surface/within extant bone defects was thoroughly debrided by curette and laser. Furthermore, in most cases, removal of the outer epithelium and coagulation of the blood clot in the pocket entrance were additionally performed with laser. Clinical parameters were evaluated before and 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. RESULTS: With Er:YAG laser-assisted pocket therapy, debridement of pockets was thoroughly and safely performed, and favorable clinical improvements were observed in most cases, without any adverse side effects and complications. After 1 year, probing pocket depth significantly decreased from 6.4 ± 1.4 to 3.5 ± 1.3 mm (p < 0.001, 3.0 mm reduction), and clinical attachment level significantly decreased from 7.5 ± 1.6 to 5.2 ± 1.9 mm (p < 0.001, 2.3 mm gain). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that Er:YAG laser-assisted therapy is useful for the treatment of residual pockets as a minimally invasive flapless surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Er:YAG laser-assisted comprehensive pocket therapy reduces the necessity of more conventional surgical therapies.
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Terapia a Laser , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Idoso , Raspagem Dentária , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lasers de Estado Sólido/uso terapêutico , Perda da Inserção Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Aplainamento RadicularRESUMO
Anti-sclerostin monoclonal antibody romosozumab, a treatment for osteoporosis, reduced vertebral fracture risk and clinical fracture. Laser irradiation triggers various effects, including bio-stimulation, which can induce beneficial therapeutic effects and biological responses. Originally, we performed in vivo experiments to clarify the mechanism of better bone healing in laser-ablated bone. Here, we evaluated comprehensive and sequential gene expression in Er:YAG laser-ablated, bur-drilled, and nontreated control bones, and found laser irradiation suppressed Sost (coding protein: sclerostin) expression in the bone, possibly via stimulation of mechanotransducers. Surprisingly, bio-stimulation effect of laser suppressed Sost expression in the primary osteogenic cells. Decreased sclerostin expression after laser irradiation was also validated both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, sequential microarray analysis revealed that the gene expression pattern was clearly different at 24 hours after bone ablation between bur-drilled and laser-ablated bones. The Hippo signaling pathway was significantly enriched, whereas inflammation-related pathways were not affected at 6 hours after the laser ablation, indicating that laser irradiation caused mechanical stimulation. Only bur-drilled bone showed enriched inflammation-related gene sets and pathways at 24 hours, not in the laser-ablated bone. Our study suggests that laser irradiation may become a new treatment modality for osteoporosis, by inhibiting sclerostin expression without inducing inflammation.
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Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/metabolismo , Fraturas Ósseas , Terapia a Laser , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Osteogênese , Animais , Fraturas Ósseas/metabolismo , Fraturas Ósseas/terapia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos da radiação , Marcadores Genéticos , Masculino , Osteoblastos/citologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been expanding globally since late 2019. SARS-CoV-2, an RNA virus, has a genome sequence that can easily undergo mutation. Several mutated SARS-CoV-2 strains, including those with higher infectivity than others, have been reported. To reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, it is crucial to trace its infection sources. Here, we developed a simple, easy-to-use genotyping method to identify SARS-CoV-2 variants using a high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. METHODS: We investigated five mutation sites, A23403G, G25563T, G26144T, T28144C, and G28882A, which are known strain determinants according to GISAID clades (L, S, V, G, GH, and GR). RESULTS: We first employed synthetic DNA fragments containing the five characteristic sites for HRM analysis. All sequences clearly differentiated wild-type from mutant viruses. We then confirmed that RNA fragments were suitable for HRM analysis following reverse transcription. Human saliva did not negatively affect the HRM analysis, which supports the absence of a matrix effect. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that this HRM-based genotyping method can identify SARS-CoV-2 variants. This novel assay platform potentially paves the way for accurate and rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection sources.
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Genótipo , Técnicas de Genotipagem , HumanosRESUMO
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to progressive connective tissue degradation and loss of the tooth-supporting bone. Clinical and experimental studies suggest that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is involved in the dysregulated fibroblast-epithelial cell interactions in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to explore effects of HGF to impact fibroblast-induced collagen degradation. A patient-derived experimental cell culture model of periodontitis was applied. Primary human epithelial cells and fibroblasts isolated from periodontitis-affected gingiva were co-cultured in a three-dimensional collagen gel. The effects of HGF neutralizing antibody on collagen gel degradation were tested and transcriptome analyses were performed. HGF neutralizing antibody attenuated collagen degradation and elicited expression changes of genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion, indicating that HGF signaling inhibition leads to extensive impact on cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. Our study highlights a potential role of HGF in periodontitis. Antagonizing HGF signaling by a neutralizing antibody may represent a novel approach for periodontitis treatment.
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Fator de Crescimento de Hepatócito , Periodontite , Fibroblastos , Gengiva , Humanos , Modelos TeóricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Few effective and established treatment methods can remove gingival metal or amalgam tattoos. With this case series, we aimed to demonstrate the use of a novel minimally invasive technique to remove metal tattoos using an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected clinical data from 18 patients who had undergone Er:YAG laser treatment to remove metal tattoos. Minimal gingival ablation using an Er:YAG laser directed towards the pigmented area was performed, which exposed metal debris within the connective tissue that was carefully removed. A dental microscope was employed to identify the metal debris, for accurate irradiation, and to minimize wounding by reducing invasion. Postoperative gingival color and morphology, and visual analog scale as a patient-reported outcome assessing postoperative pain were evaluated. RESULTS: All patients' metal tattoos were removed completely and safely during short procedures. Considerable esthetic improvements and favorable wound healing were achieved with almost no postoperative pain or complications. CONCLUSION: The findings from this case series suggest that this novel minimally invasive therapy for metal tattoo removal that involved the Er:YAG laser is effective and safe, is associated with successful outcomes, and contributes greatly to patients' esthetic satisfaction. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Metal tattoo removal using an Er:YAG laser safely and successfully improved gingival esthetics. This novel technique is much simpler and less invasive than conventional periodontal plastic surgery, and it may be more reliable regarding esthetic gingival improvements as it is associated with favorable wound healing, and it could offer significant benefits to patients by alleviating physical and mental stresses via reduced chair time and postoperative pain.
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Terapia a Laser , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Tatuagem , Gengiva , Humanos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the periodontium. In the last decade, a new murine model of periodontitis has been widely used to simulate alveolar bone resorption and periodontal soft tissue destruction by ligation. Typically, 3-0 to 9-0 silks are selected for ligation around the molars in mice, and significant bone loss and inflammatory infiltration are observed within a week. The ligature-maintained period can vary according to specific aims. We reviewed the findings on the interaction of systemic diseases with periodontitis, periodontal tissue destruction, the immunological and bacteriological responses, and new treatments. In these studies, the activation of osteoclasts, upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, and excessive immune response have been considered as major factors in periodontal disruption. Multiple genes identified in periodontal tissues partly reflect the complexity of the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The effects of novel treatment methods on periodontitis have also been evaluated in a ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice. This model cannot completely represent all aspects of periodontitis in humans but is considered an effective method for the exploration of its mechanisms. Through this review, we aimed to provide evidence and enlightenment for future studies planning to use this model.
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Modelos Animais de Doenças , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ligadura/efeitos adversos , Doenças Periodontais/patologia , Periodontite/patologia , Animais , Carga Bacteriana , Camundongos , Doenças Periodontais/etiologia , Periodontite/etiologiaRESUMO
Cyanogenic glycosides in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) seeds, which are used in so-called health foods, pose a public concern in Japan due to their potential health risks. Several pretreatment methods, such as the steam distillation and Conway microdiffusion methods, have been established for the determination of cyanogenic glycoside concentrations in foods. However, these methods are time-consuming and have extremely low throughput. Therefore, we developed a simple and rapid method, called the purge method, to analyze cyanide compounds in seed-derived food products. Under this method, the aqueous extract of cyanogenic glycosides is treated with ß-glucosidase in a midget impinger, after which the liberated cyanide is purged into an absorbing solution. The concentration of cyanide in the adsorbent is then quantified using 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid-pyrazolone reagent. A single-laboratory method validation study was performed using amygdalin at a concentration of 10 ppm as cyanide ion. The validation parameter results (trueness, 83.9%; repeatability, 1.18%; intermediate precision, 4.67%) indicated that the developed method was suitable, precise and accurate. The purge method was used to analyze cyanide concentrations in commercially available food samples. Of the 10 samples tested (loquat seed powder, apricot kernel powder, and plum seed powder), three samples were found to contain cyanogenic glycosides at concentrations of >10 ppm as hydrogen cyanide, with the highest concentration detected being 861 ppm. These results clearly demonstrated the applicability of our method in determining cyanogenic glycosides in seed-derived food samples.
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Amigdalina , Cianetos/análise , Glicosídeos , Japão , PósRESUMO
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by periodontal bacteria. Recently, periodontal phototherapy, treatment using various types of lasers, has attracted attention. Photobiomodulation, the biological effect of low-power laser irradiation, has been widely studied. Although many types of lasers are applied in periodontal phototherapy, molecular biological effects of laser irradiation on cells in periodontal tissues are unclear. Here, we have summarized the molecular biological effects of diode, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, and CO2 lasers irradiation on cells in periodontal tissues. Photobiomodulation by laser irradiation enhanced cell proliferation and calcification in osteoblasts with altering gene expression. Positive effects were observed in fibroblasts on the proliferation, migration, and secretion of chemokines/cytokines. Laser irradiation suppressed gene expression related to inflammation in osteoblasts, fibroblasts, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), and endothelial cells. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that laser irradiation affects cell differentiation in hPDLCs and stem cells. Additionally, some studies have also investigated the effects of laser irradiation on endothelial cells, cementoblasts, epithelial cells, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. The appropriate irradiation power was different for each laser apparatus and targeted cells. Thus, through this review, we tried to shed light on basic research that would ultimately lead to clinical application of periodontal phototherapy in the future.
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Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Ligamento Periodontal/fisiologia , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos da radiação , Regeneração/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Humanos , Modelos BiológicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) exerts various biostimulative effects, including promotion of wound healing and bone formation; however, few studies have examined biostimulation using blue lasers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-level ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) and ultrashort-pulse (USP) blue laser irradiation on osteoblasts. STUDY DESIGN/ MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell line was used in this study. Following LLLI with a 405 nm newly developed UHF-USP blue laser (80 MHz, 100 fs), osteoblast proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed. In addition, mRNA levels of the osteoblast differentiation markers, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix (Osx), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), and osteopontin (Opn) was evaluated, and extracellular calcification was quantified. To clarify the involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in LLLI-induced biostimulation, cells were treated prior to LLLI with capsazepine (CPZ), a selective inhibitor of TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and subsequent proliferation and ALP activity were measured. RESULTS: LLLI with the 405 nm UHF-USP blue laser significantly enhanced cell proliferation and ALP activity, compared with the non-irradiated control and LLLI using continuous-wave mode, without significant temperature elevation. LLLI promoted osteoblast proliferation in a dose-dependent manner up to 9.4 J/cm2 and significantly accelerated cell proliferation in in vitro wound healing assay. ALP activity was significantly enhanced at doses up to 5.6 J/cm2 , and expression of Osx and Alp mRNAs was significantly increased compared to that of the control on days 3 and 7 following LLLI at 5.6 J/cm2 . The extent of extracellular calcification was also significantly higher as a result of LLLI 3 weeks after the treatment. Measurement of TRPV1 protein expression on 0, 3, and 7 days post-irradiation revealed no differences between the LLLI and control groups; however, promotion of cell proliferation and ALP activity by LLLI was significantly inhibited by CPZ. CONCLUSION: LLLI with a 405 nm UHF-USP blue laser enhances extracellular calcification of osteoblasts by upregulating proliferation and differentiation via TRPV1. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:340-352, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Osteoblastos/fisiologia , Osteoblastos/efeitos da radiação , Canais de Cátion TRPV/genética , Canais de Cátion TRPV/efeitos da radiação , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Animais , Calcinose/fisiopatologia , Linhagem Celular/efeitos da radiação , Proliferação de Células/efeitos da radiação , Lasers de Corante/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Osteopontina/metabolismo , Osteopontina/efeitos da radiação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Laser ablation is recently suggested as a most effective and reliable technique for depigmentation of melanin hyperpigmented gingiva. To date, different lasers have been used for gingival depigmentation (CO2, diode, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers). The use of Er:YAG laser for depigmentation of melanin hyperpigmented gingiva has gained increasing importance in recent years. The purpose of this study was to report removal of gingival melanin pigmentation using an Er:YAG laser in a literature review. The main outcomes, such as improvement of signs (clinical parameters of bleeding, erythema, swelling and wound healing), symptoms (pain) and melanin recurrence/repigmentation were measured. The literature demonstrated that depigmentation of gingival melanin pigmentation can be performed safely and effectively by Er:YAG laser resulting in healing and an esthetically significant improvement of gingival discoloration. Thus, Er:YAG laser seems to be safe and useful in melanin depigmentation procedure. However, the main issue in giving the final conclusion of the optimal Er:YAG laser use in melanin depigmentation is that, to date, studies are offering completely discrepant Er:YAG laser procedure protocols (complex settings of laser parameters), and different criteria for the assessment of depigmentation and repigmentation (recurrence), thus hampering the comparison of the results. Therefore, further studies are necessary to give an optimal recommendation on the use of Er:YAG laser in gingival melanin hyperpigmentation.
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Doenças da Gengiva/cirurgia , Terapia a Laser/métodos , Lasers de Estado Sólido/uso terapêutico , Melanose/cirurgia , Técnicas Cosméticas/instrumentação , Hemorragia/etiologia , Humanos , Terapia a Laser/efeitos adversos , Lasers de Estado Sólido/efeitos adversos , Dor/etiologia , Cicatrização/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: For treatment of advanced elbow osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), we have used surgical treatment. Although favorable treatment outcomes have been reported for centrally located OCD, treatment outcomes are generally questionable and the choice of surgical method is controversial for laterally located OCD. Our purpose was to evaluate the treatment outcomes based on lesion location. METHODS: The patients were 30 young (mean age, 14 years) male athletes who underwent surgical treatment of elbow OCD and were monitored for more than 1 year. Osteochondral autografts harvested from the knee were transplanted to centralized (13 patients) or lateral localized (9 patients) OCD lesions. For lateral widespread (8 patients) OCD lesions, a detached osteochondral fragment was fixed using small osteochondral plugs. When the remaining cartilage defect was large after fragment fixation, a large-sized osteochondral plug was transplanted to the defect. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, elbow range of motion (ROM), and radiographic findings. RESULTS: The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score significantly improved in patients with centralized, lateral localized, and lateral widespread types of OCD. ROM significantly improved in patients with centralized and lateral localized, and they returned to playing sports within 6 months. However, patients with lateral widespread OCD exhibited no significant ROM improvement, and returning to sports was difficult for 3 patients because of poor osseous integration of the fixed osteochondral fragment. CONCLUSIONS: Osteochondral autograft transplantation provided favorable outcomes for centralized and lateral localized elbow OCD lesions. However, for lateral widespread OCD lesions, reconstruction of the entire capitellar lesion area may be necessary.
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Articulação do Cotovelo/cirurgia , Osteocondrite Dissecante/cirurgia , Adolescente , Autoenxertos , Cartilagem/transplante , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Fêmur/transplante , Humanos , Masculino , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Volta ao EsporteAssuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Humanos , Mutação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , SARS-CoV-2/genéticaRESUMO
Laser therapy has the potential to be an effective, minimally invasive procedure in periodontal therapy. The aim of the present review was to survey the relevant literature on the clinical application of lasers as a minimally invasive treatment for periodontitis and peri-implant disease. Currently, there are a large number of published clinical studies and case reports that evaluate the adjunctive use of diode, carbon dioxide, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG), erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) and erbium, chromium-doped: yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers or antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for nonsurgical and minimally invasive surgical treatment of periodontal pockets. These procedures are expected not only to control inflammation but also to provide biostimulation effects with photonic energy. Recent meta-analyses did not show statistically significant differences in pocket reduction and clinical attachment gain compared with mechanical debridement alone, although limited positive effects of adjunctive laser therapy were reported. At present, systematic literature approaches suggest that more evidence-based studies need to be performed to support the integration of various laser therapies into the treatment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. The disparity between previous statistical analyses and individual successful clinical outcomes of laser applications might reveal the necessity of developing optimal laser-treatment modalities of different wavelengths and better-defined indications for each protocol.