Survival and Success Rates of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Full Veneer Crowns or Full Cuspal Coverage onlays: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this paper is to compare the survival and success rates of endodontically treated posterior teeth restored with full veneer crowns or full cuspal coverage onlays in vivo. METHODS: A literature search using PubMed, Medline and Embase via Ovid, and The Cochrane Library retrieved English and non-English language articles from 1946 to April 2022. Electronic searches were supplemented with the use of forward citation chaining via Google Scholar. RESULTS: A total of eleven studies met all predetermined search criteria. Data were extracted and tabulated. Survival rates for onlays ranged from 95% to 100% at two years and 90.7% to 100% at three years with success rates ranging from 86.6% - 96.6% at two years and 86.6% to 96% at three years. Survival results for full veneer crowns were reported at 87.8% at over two years, 95.1% at three years, and 84% - 97.73% at five to ten years. Success rates have been reported at 91.11% - 92.64% at five years and 60% at six years. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that the use of onlays instead of full veneer crowns in the restoration of endodontically treated posterior teeth is favourable in the short to midterm.

Evaluation of Immunogenicity of Clostridium perfringens Type B Toxoid and Inactivated FMD (O) Virus with Adjuvant (ISA70-MF59).

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) and enterotoxemia are important diseases of hoofed animals. Vaccination against livestock pathogens, especially these two diseases, plays a key role in the prevention and control of these diseases. The use of combined vaccines with the aim of creating a better immune response and producing cheaper vaccines is a great contribution to Vaccine industry. This research aimed to compare the immunogenicity of FMD (O) and Clostridium perfringens type B toxoid along with adjuvant (MF59) and Montanide (ISA70) to create the best immunogenicity. To investigate the immune responses of vaccines, it was injected into an animal model, and the antibody titer was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test and VN antibody titer. The results showed that the formulation with MF59 adjuvant brought more stable immunogenicity against FMD and Clostridium perfringens type B, and the length of the immunogenicity period also increased significantly. Therefore, the combined vaccine (Clostridium perfringens + FMD) could play a major role invaccine industry as an alternative vaccine against Clostridium perfringens and FMD in livestock.

Neuropharmacological properties of farnesol in Murine model.

Research on new compounds of therapeutic value for behavioral disorders has progressed recently. Several studies have reported neuropharmacological activities of plant derived terpenes. Farnesol is a sesquiterpene whose most popular source is fruits but the anxiolytic activity for farnesol is still unknown. The present study was conducted on 32 male Swiss Albino mice (8 in each group) to evaluate the neuropharmacological properties of farnesol and its effects on plasma cortisol levels. Farnesol was administered intraperitoneally at single doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, while diazepam 2 mg/kg was used as standard anxiolytic. Thirty minutes after injections, open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), a forced swimming test (FST), and a hot plate test (HPT) were performed for evaluation of anxiety-like behavior, depression and nociception. In OFT, farnesol at the dose of 100 mg/kg led to significant decrease in locomotor activity (P<0.01). In EPM, only farnesol 100 mg/kg led to significant increase in the number of entries to the open arms and the time spent in open arms (P<0.01). Increase in immobility time in FST was seen in farnesol 50 and 100 mg/kg (P<0.001). Farnesol 100 mg/kg exerts significant prolongation in the latency of responses to noxious heat stimuli in HPT. Like diazepam, farnesol decreased plasma levels of cortisol. Results revealed that farnesol had anxiolytic, anti-nociceptive and depressant effects in murine models. The present study provides pharmacological evidence supporting the use of farnesol as a sedative for anxiety disorders.

Outpatient dobutamine therapy: the rhyme and the riddle.

Advances in critical care medicine have increased survival for victims of myocardial infarction and other acute cardiac events so that increasingly patients are receiving long-term, labor-intensive, and costly medical care. Innovations in drug delivery systems and skyrocketing health care costs have fostered the growth of home health care which has blossomed into a $2.8 billion industry. There is evidence that outpatient dobutamine therapy produces definite physical and possibly psychological improvements of variable degree and duration. Hemodynamic improvements are generally associated with improvement in functional class, and the financial savings are recognizably substantial. However, three major problems confront therapies with beta-adrenergic agonists: tendency for tolerance, ventricular arrhythmias, and increased myocardial oxygen consumption. There is a dire need for establishment of exclusionary patient criteria and for risk stratification, as well as for development of a portable radionuclide nonimaging monitor. Given the current fund of knowledge, outpatient dobutamine therapy should be undertaken cautiously after meticulous patient selection reflecting an awareness of the tremendous complexities and inherent risks. The therapeutic implications are dependent on the nature of the underlying cardiomyopathy and the fact that beta-adrenergic receptor desensitization is unlikely to be overcome by progressive dosage increases. Therapy is initiated with the understanding that treatment will remain blindly empirical and conjectural in the absence of a continuous physiologic monitor and an expanded comprehension of the molecular pathophysiology of the failing ventricle.

Monitoring hydrate formation and dissociation in sandstone and bulk with magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to be a very effective tool for monitoring the formation and dissociation of hydrates because of the large intensity contrast between the images of the liquid components and the solid hydrate. Tetrahydrofuran/water hydrate was used because the two liquid components are miscible and form hydrate at ambient pressure. These properties made this feasibility study proceed much faster than using methane/water, which requires high pressure to form the hydrate. The formation and dissociation was monitored first in a THF/water-saturated Berea sandstone plug and second in the bulk. In both cases it appeared that nucleation was needed to begin the formation process, i.e., the presence of surfaces in the sandstone and shaking of the bulk solution. Dissociation appeared to be dominated by the rate of thermal energy transfer. The dissociation temperature of hydrate formed in the sandstone plug was not significantly different from the dissociation temperature in bulk.

Hyphenated history: the Hueter-Volkmann law.

The language that orthopedic surgeons speak is filled with eponyms. Perhaps more than any other medical specialty, we speak cryptically to one another using code words and secret language. Certain hyphenated eponyms are particularly interesting, because they pique one's curiosity as to how these persons came to be partners in orthopedic history. We will offer some bits of orthopedic hyphenated history, outlining the pertinent work of the respective authors as well as associated background information. This paper focuses on the Hueter-Volkmann law, an important orthopedic concept concerning bone growth. This law bears the names of the two men credited with enunciating and popularizing it, Carl Hueter and Richard von Volkmann.