Exploring the accuracy of tooth loss prediction between a clinical periodontal prognostic system and a machine learning prognostic model.

AIM: The aim of this analysis was to compare a clinical periodontal prognostic system and a developed and externally validated artificial intelligence (AI)-based model for the prediction of tooth loss in periodontitis patients under supportive periodontal care (SPC) for 10 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and radiographic parameters were analysed to assign tooth prognosis with a tooth prognostic system (TPS) by two calibrated examiners from different clinical centres (London and Pittsburgh). The prediction model was developed on the London dataset. A logistic regression model (LR) and a neural network model (NN) were developed to analyse the data. These models were externally validated on the Pittsburgh dataset. The primary outcome was 10-year tooth loss in teeth assigned with 'unfavourable' prognosis. RESULTS: A total of 1626 teeth in 69 patients were included in the London cohort (development cohort), while 2792 teeth in 116 patients were included in the Pittsburgh cohort (external validated dataset). While the TPS in the validation cohort exhibited high specificity (99.96%), moderate positive predictive value (PPV = 50.0%) and very low sensitivity (0.85%), the AI-based model showed moderate specificity (NN = 52.26%, LR = 67.59%), high sensitivity (NN = 98.29%, LR = 91.45%), and high PPV (NN = 89.1%, LR = 88.6%). CONCLUSIONS: AI-based models showed comparable results with the clinical prediction model, with a better performance in specific prognostic risk categories, confirming AI prediction model as a promising tool for the prediction of tooth loss.

Tape-Shaped, Multiscale, and Continuous-Readable Fiducial Marker for Indoor Navigation and Localization Systems.

The present study proposes a fiducial marker for location systems that uses computer vision. The marker employs a set of tape-shaped markers that facilitate their positioning in the environment, allowing continuous reading to cover the entire perimeter of the environment and making it possible to minimize interruptions in the location service. Because the marker is present throughout the perimeter of the environment, it presents hierarchical coding patterns that allow it to be robust against multiple detection scales. We implemented an application to help the user generate the markers with a floor plan image. We conducted two types of tests, one in a 3D simulation environment and one in a real-life environment with a smartphone. The tests made it possible to measure the performance of the tape-shaped marker with readings at multiple distances compared to ArUco, QRCode, and STag with detections at distances of 10 to 0.5 m. The localization tests in the 3D environment analyzed the time of marker detection during the journey from one room to another in positioning conditions (A) with the markers positioned at the baseboard of the wall, (B) with the markers positioned at camera height, and (C) with the marker positioned on the floor. The localization tests in real conditions allowed us to measure the time of detections in favorable conditions of detections, demonstrating that the tape-shaped-marker-detection algorithm is not yet robust against blurring but is robust against lighting variations, difficult angle displays, and partial occlusions. In both test environments, the marker allowed for detection at multiple scales, confirming its functionality.

Treatment of deep gingival recession in homologous molars using a modified laterally positioned flap and subepithelial connective tissue graft: a case report.

This case report describes the use of the modified laterally positioned flap (LPF) technique associated with a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) for root coverage of homologous mandibular molars with deep gingival recession (GR). A 25-year-old woman with deep GR affecting the mandibular right and left second molars (teeth 31 and 18, respectively) reported bilateral dentinal hypersensitivity. The defect in tooth 31 was 5 mm deep and 4 mm wide. In tooth 18, the defect was 6 mm deep and 5 mm wide. There was 1 mm of keratinized tissue at tooth 31, and no keratinized tissue was present at tooth 18. The modified LPF-SCTG technique with mesial to distal positioning of the flap was selected to treat the defects. The flap was modified by a submarginal incision in the tooth farthest from the GR to preserve the integrity of the donor site. One year postsurgery, tooth 31 had 80.0% coverage, a 66.6% gain in clinical attachment, and a 5-mm increase in keratinized tissue width. Tooth 18 had 83.3% root coverage, a 71.4% gain in clinical attachment, and a 5-mm increase in keratinized tissue width. The patient's complaints of hypersensitivity were resolved, and the tissue gain provided better access and more comfort during cleaning of the teeth. The flap donor sites demonstrated no clinical signs of GR. Based on the 1-year follow-up assessments, the modified LPF-SCTG technique was effective for the treatment of deep single-tooth GR in mandibular molars without causing adverse affects on the flap donor sites.

Calibration Assessment of Low-Cost Carbon Dioxide Sensors Using the Extremely Randomized Trees Algorithm.

As the monitoring of carbon dioxide is an important proxy to estimate the air quality of indoor and outdoor environments, it is essential to obtain trustful data from CO2 sensors. However, the use of widely available low-cost sensors may imply lower data quality, especially regarding accuracy. This paper proposes a new approach for enhancing the accuracy of low-cost CO2 sensors using an extremely randomized trees algorithm. It also reports the results obtained from experimental data collected from sensors that were exposed to both indoor and outdoor environments. The indoor experimental set was composed of two metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) and two non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors next to a reference sensor for carbon dioxide and independent sensors for air temperature and relative humidity. The outdoor experimental exposure analysis was performed using a third-party dataset which fit into our goals: the work consisted of fourteen stations using low-cost NDIR sensors geographically spread around reference stations. One calibration model was trained for each sensor unit separately, and, in the indoor experiment, it managed to reduce the mean absolute error (MAE) of NDIR sensors by up to 90%, reach very good linearity with MOS sensors in the indoor experiment (r2 value of 0.994), and reduce the MAE by up to 98% in the outdoor dataset. We have found in the outdoor dataset analysis that the exposure time of the sensor itself may be considered by the algorithm to achieve better accuracy. We also observed that even a relatively small amount of data may provide enough information to perform a useful calibration if they contain enough data variety. We conclude that the proper use of machine learning algorithms on sensor readings can be very effective to obtain higher data quality from low-cost gas sensors either indoors or outdoors, regardless of the sensor technology.

Fish collagen for skin wound healing: a systematic review in experimental animal studies.

Collagen extracted from fishes has been appearing as an alternative for commercial porcine and bovine collagen and it has been considered interesting especially for membrane manufacturing in tissue engineering. Despite the positive in vitro effects of fish collagen membranes, there is still no understanding of all the benefits that this natural biomaterial plays in the wound healing process, due to the lack of compilation of the results obtained in animal studies. In this sense, the purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to examine the effects of fish collagen membranes for skin wound healing in experimental models of skin wound. The search was carried out according to the orientations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), and the descriptors of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were defined: "fish," collagen," "skin," and "in vivo". A total of 10 articles were retrieved from the databases PubMed and Scopus. After the elegibility analyses, this review covers the different origins of fish collagen reported in the different papers from the beginning of 2015 through the middle of 2021. The results were based mainly on histological analysis and macroscopic evaluation, and fish skin collagen was responsible for improving the wound healing rate and the process of reepithelization and collagen deposition. In conclusion, fish skin collagen has shown positive results in in vivo studies and may be a potential biomaterial in tissue engineering.

Risk Factors, Management, and Outcomes of Pyogenic Liver Abscess in a US Safety Net Hospital.

BACKGROUND: The causes and management of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) have undergone multiple changes over the past decades. It is a relatively rare disease in the USA, and its incidence rate in the USA is increasing. The last US community hospital experience of PLA was published in 2005. We performed a retrospective study of patients admitted with PLA to an urban safety net hospital. AIMS: To ascertain risk factors, management approaches, and outcomes of PLA. METHODS: Electronic medical record was queried for diagnosis codes related to PLA during the years 2009-2018. Clinical information was compiled in an electronic database which was later analyzed. Main study outcomes were in-hospital mortality, 30-day readmission rate, and intensive care utilization rate. RESULTS: A total of 77 patients with PLA were admitted in the study period. Most common risk factors were diabetes mellitus (23.4%), previous liver surgery (20.7%), and hepatic malignancy (16.9%). 89% of patients were treated with percutaneous drainage or aspiration, and surgical drainage was reserved for other with other indications for laparotomy. In-hospital mortality, 30-day readmission, and intensive care utilization rates were 2.6%, 7% and 22%, respectively. Median length of stay was 11 days (inter-quartile range 7). Rate of antimicrobial resistance in abscess fluid cultures was 40%; 13 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess were noted in our cohort, most of whom were Hispanic or Asian. CONCLUSIONS: PLA was principally managed by percutaneous drainage or aspiration with good outcomes. Further studies investigating the racial predilection of K. pneumoniae liver abscesses could reveal clues to its pathogenesis.

A Real-World Approach on the Problem of Chart Recognition Using Classification, Detection and Perspective Correction.

Data charts are widely used in our daily lives, being present in regular media, such as newspapers, magazines, web pages, books, and many others. In general, a well-constructed data chart leads to an intuitive understanding of its underlying data. In the same way, when data charts have wrong design choices, a redesign of these representations might be needed. However, in most cases, these charts are shown as a static image, which means that the original data are not usually available. Therefore, automatic methods could be applied to extract the underlying data from the chart images to allow these changes. The task of recognizing charts and extracting data from them is complex, largely due to the variety of chart types and their visual characteristics. Other features in real-world images that can make this task difficult are photo distortions, noise, alignment, etc. Two computer vision techniques that can assist this task and have been little explored in this context are perspective detection and correction. These methods transform a distorted and noisy chart in a clear chart, with its type ready for data extraction or other uses. This paper proposes a classification, detection, and perspective correction process that is suitable for real-world usage, when considering the data used for training a state-of-the-art model for the extraction of a chart in real-world photography. The results showed that, with slight changes, chart recognition methods are now ready for real-world charts, when taking time and accuracy into consideration.

Cellulose-Based Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes for Gas Separation: A Review.

In the field of gas separation and purification, membrane technologies compete with conventional purification processes on the basis of technical, economic and environmental factors. In this context, there is a growing interest in the development of carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSM) due to their higher permeability and selectivity and higher stability in corrosive and high temperature environments. However, the industrial use of CMSM has been thus far hindered mostly by their relative instability in the presence of water vapor, present in a large number of process streams, as well as by the high cost of polymeric precursors such as polyimide. In this context, cellulosic precursors appear as very promising alternatives, especially targeting the production of CMSM for the separation of O2/N2 and CO2/CH4. For these two gas separations, cellulose-based CMSM have demonstrated performances well above the Robeson upper bound and above the performance of CMSM based on other polymeric precursors. Furthermore, cellulose is an inexpensive bio-renewable feed-stock highly abundant on Earth. This article reviews the major fabrication aspects of cellulose-based CMSM. Additionally, this article suggests a new tool to characterize the membrane performance, the Robeson Index. The Robeson Index, θ, is the ratio between the actual selectivity at the Robeson plot and the corresponding selectivity-for the same permeability-of the Robeson upper bound; the Robeson Index measures how far the actual point is from the upper bound.

A Model to Support Fluid Transitions between Environments for Mobile Augmented Reality Applications.

The adaptability between different environments remains a challenge for Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR). If not done seamlessly, such transitions may cause discontinuities in navigation, consequently disorienting users and undermining the acceptance of this technology. The transition between environments is hard because there are currently no localization techniques that work well in any place: sensor-based applications can be harmed by obstacles that hamper sensor communication (e.g., GPS) and by infrastructure limitations (e.g., Wi-Fi), and image-based applications can be affected by lighting conditions that impair computer vision techniques. Hence, this paper presents an adaptive model to perform transitions between different types of environments for MAR applications. The model has a hybrid approach, choosing the best combination of long-range sensors, short-range sensors, and computer vision techniques to perform fluid transitions between environments that mitigate problems in location, orientation, and registration. To assess the model, we developed a MAR application and conducted a navigation test with volunteers to validate transitions between outdoor and indoor environments, followed by a short interview. The results show that the transitions were well succeeded, since the application self-adapted to the studied environments, seamlessly changing sensors when needed.

Treatment with Parkinsonia aculeata combats insulin resistance-induced oxidative stress through the increase in PPARγ/CuZn-SOD axis expression in diet-induced obesity mice.

Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is a traditional ethnomedicine and has been used for the empiric treatment of hyperglycemia, without scientific background. Mechanistic analyses at molecular level from the antioxidant mechanism observed by P. aculeata are required. Herein the effects of the treatment by hydroethanolic extract partitioned with ethyl acetate of P. aculeata aerial parts (HEPa/EtOAc) in mice fed a high-fat diet that share many obesity phenotypes with humans were evaluated. The animals were treated orally with HEPa/EtOAc (125 and 250 mg/kg/day) and pioglitazone (5 mg/kg/day), for 16 days. After the treatment, HEPa/EtOAc reduced fasting serum glucose and insulin levels, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. In addition, an improvement in glucose intolerance was also observed. Indeed, a reduction in the circulating levels of TNF-α and IL-6 was also observed. Furthermore, at molecular level, it was demonstrated that the HEPa/EtOAc treatment was able to improve these physiological parameters, through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) per si, as well as the enhancement of antioxidant mechanism by an increase in PPARγ/Cu(2+), Zn(2+)-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) axis expression in liver and adipose tissue. In sum, P. aculeata is effective to improve insulin resistance in a mouse model of obesity and this effect seems to involve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms through the increase in PPARγ/CuZn-SOD axis expression.

Low-power laser irradiation fails to improve liver regeneration in elderly rats at 48 h after 70 % resection.

The liver regeneration is an important clinical issue after major hepatectomies. Unfortunately, many organs (including the liver) exhibit age-related impairments regarding their regenerative capacity. Recent studies found that low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) has a stimulatory effect on the liver regeneration process. However, its effects in elderly remain unknown. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the main molecular mechanisms involved in liver regeneration of partially hepatectomized elderly rats exposed to LPLI. The effects of 15 min of LPLI (wavelength of 632.8 nm; fluence of 0.97 J/cm(2); total energy delivered of 3.6 J) were evaluated in hepatectomized elderly Wistar male rats. Afterwards, through immunoblotting approaches, the protein expression and phosphorylation levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), Met, Akt and Erk 1/2 signaling pathways as well as the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were investigated. It was observed that LPLI was not able to improve liver regeneration in elderly rats as evidenced by the lack of improvement of HGF and PCNA protein expression or phosphorylation levels of Met, Akt and Erk 1/2 in the remnant livers. In sum, this study demonstrated that the main molecular pathway, i.e. HGF/Met → Akt and Erk 1/2 → PCNA, involved in the hepatic regeneration process was not improved by LPLI in elderly hepatectomized rats, which in turn rules out LPLI as an adjuvant therapy, as observed in this protocol of liver regeneration evaluation (i.e. at 48 h after 70 % resection), in elderly.

A Dive Into Oblivion: A Case of Transient Global Amnesia.

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an uncommon neurologic disorder that consists of a sudden and temporary loss of memory, both present and past. Its causes and risk factors are not well known. We describe a case of a 58-year-old woman who was brought to the emergency department (ED) with sudden onset loss of memory and disorientation after a dive in the ocean. She presented memory deficits with incapacity to retain new memories and amnesia for the previous 24 hours. All exams ordered were normal, including computed tomography of the brain and laboratory analysis. After six hours of close monitoring in the ED, she gradually started to retain short-term memories and was discharged after 48 hours with no memory or other deficits. The diagnosis of TGA was made based on the clinical presentation and the patient's rapid improvement. Follow-up neurology consultation and further testing did not demonstrate any evidence to exclude this diagnosis. Further research is needed on this topic to allow the identification of risk factors and causes to prevent it.

Long-term Implant Maintenance: A Systematic Review of Home and Professional Care Strategies in Supportive Implant Therapy.

The aim of this study is review the efficacy of different techniques of home care and professional care for long-term implant maintenance, when compared with their respective standard procedures (regular brushing or mechanical debridement with curette), in changing clinical parameters, such as bleeding on probing, probing depth, plaque score and gingival index, as reported in randomized clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search of randomized clinical trials was performed using the PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Cochrane library databases. A qualitative review was conducted to compare all the different techniques of home care and professional care for long-term implant maintenance. RESULTS: Initial search involved a total of 816 articles, 233 via Pubmed (Medline), 306 via the Cochrane Library, and 483 via EMBASE, while an additional 16 articles were collected through manual screening. A total of 29 articles were assessed by full-text read for eligibility and a final count of 13 studies were included in systematic review. The results of the risk of bias assessment for the included RCTs according to the 'RoB 2'. Results favored glycine powder air-polishing and ultrasonic devices over traditional mechanical debridement with curettes in improving clinical parameters. In at-home care, water flossers with chlorhexidine were able to reduce inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence points towards the use of glycine powder air-polishing and the use of ultrasonic devices for reduction of inflammation around implants, and for home care, many existing techniques seem to be able to control tissue inflammation, but the use of chlorhexidine in water-flossers seems to be a promising strategy.

Association of a Skin Dressing Made With the Organic Part of Marine Sponges and Photobiomodulation on the Wound Healing in an Animal Model.

The present study aims to characterize and to evaluate the biological effects of a skin dressing manufactured with the organic part of the Chondrilla caribensis marine sponge (called spongin-like collagen (SC)) associated or not to photobiomodulation (PBM) on the skin wound healing of rats. Skin dressings were manufactured with SC and it was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a tensile assay. In order to evaluate its biological effects, an experimental model of cutaneous wounds was surgically performed. Eighteen rats were randomly distributed into three experimental groups: control group (CG): animals with skin wounds but without any treatment; marine collagen dressing group (DG): animals with skin wounds treated with marine collagen dressing; and the marine collagen dressing + PBM group (DPG): animals with skin wounds treated with marine collagen dressing and PBM. Histopathological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical evaluations (qualitative and semiquantitative) of COX2, TGFß, FGF, and VEGF were done. SEM demonstrates that the marine collagen dressing presented pores and interconnected fibers and adequate mechanical strength. Furthermore, in the microscopic analysis, an incomplete reepithelialization and the presence of granulation tissue with inflammatory infiltrate were observed in all experimental groups. In addition, foreign body was identified in the DG and DPG. COX2, TGFß, FGF, and VEGF immunostaining was observed predominantly in the wound area of all experimental groups, with a statistically significant difference for FGF immunostaining score of DPG in relation to CG. The marine collagen dressing presented adequate physical characteristics and its association with PBM presented favorable biological effects to the skin repair process.

Potential Effects of Essential Oil from Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel on Leishmania: In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Approaches.

In the search for new chemotherapeutic alternatives for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), essential oils are promising due to their diverse biological potential. In this study, we aimed to investigate the chemical composition and leishmanicidal and anti-inflammatory potential of the essential oil isolated from the leaves of Plinia cauliflora (PCEO). The chemical composition of PCEO showed ß-cis-Caryophyllene (24.4%), epi-γ-Eudesmol (8%), 2-Naphthalenemethanol[decahydro-alpha] (8%), and trans-Calamenene (6.6%) as its major constituents. Our results showed that the PCEO has moderate cytotoxicity (CC50) of 137.4 and 143.7 µg/mL on mice peritoneal exudate cells (mPEC) and Vero cells, respectively. The PCEO was able to significantly decrease mPEC infection by Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis. The value of the inhibitory concentration (IC50) on amastigote forms was about 7.3 µg/mL (L. amazonensis) and 7.2 µg/mL (L. braziliensis). We showed that PCEO induced drastic ultrastructural changes in both species of Leishmania and had a high selectivity index (SI) > 18. The in silico ADMET analysis pointed out that PCEO can be used for the development of oral and/or topical formulation in the treatment of CL. In addition, we also demonstrated the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect, with a 95% reduction in paw edema and a decrease by at least 21.4% in migration immune cells in animals treated with 50 mg/kg of PCEO. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PCEO is a promising topical therapeutic agent against CL.

Liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy is improved by enhancing the HGF/Met axis and Akt and Erk pathways after low-power laser irradiation in rats.

A simple, easy, and safe procedure aiming to improve liver regeneration could be of great clinical benefit in critical situations such as major hepatectomy, trauma, or hemorrhage. Low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) has come into a wide range of use in clinical practice by inducing regeneration in healthy and injured tissues. However, the effect of LPLI on the process of liver regeneration, especially those related to the molecular mechanisms, is not fully understood. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the main molecular mechanisms involved in liver regeneration of partially hepatectomized rats exposed to LPLI. We used Wistar male rats, which had their remaining liver irradiated or not with LPLI (wavelength of 632.8 nm and fluence of 65 mW/cm(2)) for 15 min after a 70% hepatectomy. We subsequently investigated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), Met, Akt, and Erk 1/2 signaling pathways through protein expression and phosphorylation analyses along with cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67) using immunoblotting and histological studies. Our results show that LPLI can improve liver regeneration as shown by increased HGF protein expression and the phosphorylation levels of Met, Akt, and Erk 1/2 accompanied by higher levels of the PCNA and Ki-67 protein in the remnant livers. In summary, our results suggest that LPLI may play a clinical role as a simple, fast, and easy-to-perform strategy in order to enhance the liver regenerative capacity of a small liver remnant after hepatectomy.

Feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol reduces methane emissions by feedlot cattle on tropical conditions.

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP; Bovaer, DSM Nutritional Products) at two levels on methane emissions, nitrogen balance, and performance by feedlot cattle. In experiment 1, a total of 138 Nellore bulls (initial body weight, 360 ± 37.3 kg) were housed in pens (27 pens with either 4 or 5 bulls per pen) and fed a high-concentrate diet for 96 d, containing 1) no addition of 3-NOP (control), 2) inclusion of 3-NOP at 100 mg/kg dry matter (DM), and 3) inclusion of 3-NOP at 150 mg/kg DM. No adverse effects of 3-NOP were observed on DM intake (DMI), animal performance, and gain:feed (P > 0.05). In addition, there was no effect (P > 0.05) of 3-NOP on carcass characteristics (subcutaneous fat thickness and rib eye area). In experiment 2, 24 bulls (initial BW, 366 ± 39.6 kg) housed in 12 pens (2 bulls/pen) from experiment 1 were used for CH4 measurements and nitrogen balance. Irrespective of the level, 3-NOP consistently decreased (P < 0.001) animals' CH4 emissions (g/d; ~49.3%), CH4 yield (CH4/DMI; ~40.7%) and CH4 intensity (CH4/average daily gain; ~38.6%). Moreover, 3-NOP significantly reduced the gross energy intake lost as CH4 by 42.5% (P < 0.001). The N retention: N intake ratio was not affected by 3-NOP (P = 0.19). We conclude that feeding 3-NOP is an effective strategy to reduce methane emissions, with no impairment on feedlot cattle performance.

During fiber digestion in the rumen, enteric methane is produced. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas. Recently several studies have focused on developing synthetic compounds and their utilization as specific inhibitors of methanogenesis. 3-Nitrooxypropanol is a structural compound that can help to mitigate CH4 emissions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP; Bovaer, DSM Nutritional Products) at two levels on methane emissions, nitrogen balance, and performance by feedlot cattle. No effect of 3-NOP on animal performance and N balance was found. However, regarding CH4 production 3-NOP consistently decreased (P < 0.001) animals' CH4 emissions (g/d; ~49.3%), methane yield (CH4/dry matter intake; ~40.7%), and CH4 intensity (CH4/average daily gain; ~38.6%). This study provides information on the potential role of 3-NOP on reducing CH4 emissions from feedlot cattle without reducing animal performance.

Delayed Diagnosis of Intestinal Tuberculosis: A Case Report.

Abdominal tuberculosis is an uncommon clinical entity, and it can involve the gastrointestinal tract but also the peritoneum, lymph nodes, and solid organs. Its prevalence is higher among individuals from endemic regions for tuberculosis. Epidemiological risk factors associated with typical symptoms and complementary exams should prompt early treatment. We describe the case of a 47-year-old man, originally from India, residing in Portugal for approximately a year. He presented to our emergency department with a three-week-long history of diarrhea, diffuse abdominal pain, more intense on the left quadrants of the abdomen, anorexia, asthenia, and loss of nearly 10% of his body weight. Abdominal and pelvic imaging showed diffuse circumferential thickening of the distal ileum and adjacent mesentery with associated lymphadenopathies. A colonoscopy confirmed the presence of an ulcerated deformative lesion of the cecum with the involvement of the terminal ileum. Initial suspicion of infectious colitis versus inflammatory bowel disease led the team to prescribe antibiotics and corticosteroid therapy, which was associated with bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum samples negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, delaying the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. The lack of improvement after weeks of the initial medical therapy, and with histopathological examination of cervical lymphadenopathy showing the presence of granulomatous lymphadenitis with necrosis, led the medical team to start antituberculostatic therapy. The patient showed significant clinical and laboratory improvement, but after two months of adequate treatment a cavitated nodule appeared on the upper lobe of the left lung, and a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was identified in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential to lower mortality rates of intestinal tuberculosis, and epidemiological risk factors have a great deal of importance on this matter and must always be taken into account.