Violence against women in Primary Health Care: Potentialities and limitations to identification.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential and limitations of Primary Health Care professionals to identify situations of violence against women. LOCATION: A municipality of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. DESIGN: Descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one health professionals of three Family Health Strategy units, as well as one Basic Health Unit. The inclusion criterion consisted of being a health worker in these services. The exclusion criterion was to be absent from work by any kind type license during the period of data production. METHOD: The technique used to produce data was individual, semi-structured, interviews in order to collect sociodemographic data and the monitoring by professionals related to the potentials and limitations to identify violence situations. The data collection was suspended based on the saturation criterion. The data were systematized and analyzed by the content analysis technique, according to the analytical categories of health care network and gender. RESULTS: The potential to identify themes were: professional experience, receptive atmosphere, bonding, and listening to the reports of women, children and/or neighbors and observing their behavior; to identify the lesions; prenatal consultations; and home visits. As to the limitations: silence, denial/non-recognition of violence, lack of complaints by women; fear and guilt; flaws and unpreparedness of the health team; and fear due to the presence of aggressor. CONCLUSIONS: It is urgent to recognize the potential of Primary Care and to promote the qualification of professionals in order to identify the situation among visible and invisible complaints, leading to the confrontation of violence.

Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. / Representações sociais da violência contra mulheres rurais para um grupo de idosas.

OBJECTIVE: Understand the social representations of violence against rural women, from the perspective of the elderly, considering how the generation and gender influence this aggravation. METHODS: Qualitative study, based on the Theory of Social Representations.It was carried out with 12 elderly rural women from a city of Rio Grande do Sul, in July and August of 2013. The data obtained through a projective technique and semi-structured interviews has been analyzed through the reference of the Social Representations and content analysis. RESULTS: On one hand, the elderly represent violence as distant distress, anchored in extreme acts of aggression. On the other hand, they represent it as present in their relationships, showing themselves vulnerable to the domination of men in the context of life and work. CONCLUSIONS: It was revealed the invisibility of violence against elderly women in the rural context, where the male figure overlaps with the female.

Gender violence: knowledge and professional conduct of the family health strategy. / Violência de gênero: conhecimento e conduta dos profissionais da estratégia saúde da família.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge and behaviors of health professionals of units of the Strategies Family opposite gender violence. METHODS: This descriptive study with 53 seven of units of the family health strategy professionals from March to July 2015. Data were collected through a self-administered instrument and analyzed in Excel 2007. RESULTS: It was observed that the knowledge of professionals about definitions, epidemiology and management of violence ranged from reasonable to good, despite knowing little about the prevalence of violence during pregnancy. Regarding the conduct was evident difficulty in questioning women about violence and its notification. Professionals with shorter assistance and who received training were more assertive results regarding conduct. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that educational actions in service be carried out in order to provide subsidies for the professionals' action against cases of gender violence.

Health care for women in situations of violence: discoordination of network professionals.

OBJECTIVE: To learn the conceptions and actions of health professionals on the care network for women in situations of violence. METHOD: A qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study was conducted between April and July 2015 with the participation of 21 health professionals from four primary health care teams in a city of the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected by means of individual semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used for data systematization. RESULTS: Health professionals recognized the importance of the health care network for coping with the problem of violence against women. However, their conceptions and actions were limited by the discoordination or absence of integration among professionals and services of the care network. CONCLUSION: The conceptions and actions of health professionals contribute to the discoordination among the services. It is necessary to reflect on the daily practices of care for women in situations of violence. OBJETIVO: Conhecer as concepções e ações de profissionais de saúde sobre a rede de atenção às mulheres em situação de violência. MÉTODO: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado no período de abril a julho de 2015. Participaram 21 profissionais de saúde de quatro equipes da Atenção Primária à Saúde em um município da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados ocorreu mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas e individuais. Para sistematização dos dados, empregou-se a análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Os profissionais de saúde reconheciam a importância da rede de atenção à saúde no enfrentamento da problemática da violência contra as mulheres. Contudo, suas concepções e ações eram limitadas pela desarticulação ou ausência de integração entre os profissionais e serviços da rede de atenção. CONCLUSÃO: As concepções e ações dos profissionais de saúde contribuem para a desarticulação entre os serviços. Faz-se necessário refletir acerca das práticas cotidianas de cuidados direcionados às mulheres em situação de violência.

[Care for women victims of violence: empowering nurses in the pursuit of gender equity]. / Cuidar mulheres em situação de violência: empoderamento da enfermagem em busca de equidade de gênero.

OBJECTIVES: To study the care of women victims of violence provided by nurses in emergency services and to analyse the practices that target the empowerment of women and gender equity. METHODS: A qualitative, descriptive study conducted by means of interviews with 10 nurses of an emergency and obstetrics unit of a university hospital and local emergency service of a city in southern Brazil from January to April 2013. We used thematic content analysis and defined gender as the analytical category. RESULTS: Clinical elements refer to nursing procedures and techniques. Non-clinical elements refer to conversation, listening and orientation to the women and their families. CONCLUSION: Revealing these actions is important to qualify nursing care in relation to the other health professionals and care services for women victims of violence.

Violence in rural areas against disabled people from the perspective of their families.

OBJECTIVES: to know the violence spoken and felt by disabled people, living in rural areas, from the perspective of their families. METHODS: a descriptive-exploratory and qualitative study, carried out in four municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Twelve family members who lived with disabled people in rural areas participated. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS: disabled people, living in rural areas, experienced physical, psychological and sexual violence, perpetrated by family members, colleagues, community members and health professionals. Adaptations were mentioned in family dynamics for the care of disabled people, social, financial and leisure impacts, and challenges in access and accessibility to education and health services. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: violence against this population manifests itself in a reality with socioeconomic and family particularities, marked by exclusion, disrespect and denial of rights and access to fundamental goods and services.

Driving Factors and Actions Taken by Women to Confront Violence: Qualitative Research Based on Art.

This qualitative study based on art aimed to analyze the critical path of women in coping with situations of violence in the city of Santa Maria/Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in these women's perspective. It has as settings the Women's Police Station (DEAM) and the institutional care service for women in situations of violence, named Casa Abrigo (Shelter House). The "talking map" creativity and sensitivity technique was used in conjunction with the in-depth interview to analyze the critical path of 12 women in situations of violence. The driving factors of the critical path of women in coping with situations of violence were related to their knowledge about the DEAM's assistance, their perceptions about the experience of different types of violence, the fact that they can no longer stand the violence and that they worry about their children, as well as the support of their family, of the ex-husband's or ex-partner's relatives, and of their female friends. The decisions executed and actions taken by the women included reporting the aggressor, requesting a restraining order, seeking help from the guardianship council and family members, getting back together with the aggressor, and leaving home. There is a need to strengthen the decision-making process of women in situations of violence to break the silence and the situation of violence. For this purpose, it is urgent to broaden the information for and knowledge of women about where and how to seek help, through access to clear and precise information in all places that compose the assistance network for these women.

Inter-sectorial network for assisting women in situations of violence: handicraft work built by the people.

OBJECTIVES: to discuss the meanings attributed by professionals to the construction of the service network for women in situations of violence. METHODS: Convergent Care Research developed with the application of a convergence group with 32 participants from the health, social assistance, or public security sectors, in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. The data was produced during ten meetings, based on the problematization methodology, and submitted to analysis of thematic content and interpreted with the referential of networks. RESULTS: the construction of the network is an artisanal work carried out by people continuously, permeated by bonds, communication and partnerships between services and knowledge of work processes. Lashings require permanent movement. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: building a network implies defining intertwining lines; form nodes that create cross-sector connections. There is a need to institutionalize processes through care continuity protocols, associated with an efficient communication system between sectors.

Confronting situations of violence against children and adolescents from the perspective of Guardianship Counselors.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the potentialities and limits in confronting situations of violence against children and adolescents seen from the perspective of Guardianship Counselors. METHOD: Qualitative research, developed with 18 Guardianship Counselors from two municipalities in the central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were generated between June and July 2021, using the focus group technique, and were subjected to thematic content analysis. RESULTS: The following were identified as potentialities for combating violence against children and adolescents: denunciations; networking; and media coverage. As limits, we have: naturalization of violence; pandemic of the Covid-19; de-structuring of the intersectoral network; lack of training; and difficulty in developing preventive actions. CONCLUSION: The Guardianship Councilors require training to act in cases of violence against children and adolescents, as well as support from other sectors, such as health, education, public safety, and social assistance, in order to fully attend to these cases.

Health care for people with disabilities in a rural setting under the perspective of community agents.

OBJECTIVE: To understand how health care for people with disabilities in rural settings occurs according to the perspective of Community Health Agents. METHODS: Qualitative approach study in which 13 Community Health Agents participated. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews. The data were systematized and analyzed by Minayo's content analysis. RESULTS: Some weaknesses and barriers make people with disabilities living in rural settings, invisible and distant from comprehensive and equitable health care. The weaknesses are related to unprepared CHAs and the inefficient qualifications to serve this population. The barriers to seeking comprehensive care are particularly physical, economic, geographical, and infrastructural. Final Considerations: It is imperative to give visibility to people with disabilities in the rural context, considering the singularities of this place, in order to enhance sensitive and welcoming care provided by health services.

Critical path of women in situation of violence: an integrative literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify Brazilian and international scientific evidence on the critical path of women in situations of violence. METHOD: Integrative literature review developed in four databases and two electronic portals, in January 2017. Twenty-one full articles in English, Portuguese or Spanish from original researches were included in the time cut from 1994 to 2016, and which presented critical path elements, even without using this concept. RESULTS: The critical path of women in situations of violence is constituted of elements related to their perceptions, actions and previous experiences regarding availability and quality of services, social representations of public servers and community and the results obtained in the search for help. CONCLUSION: Critical path elements are decisive for the women, and can promote, inhibit or delay the beginning of the route and consequently the end of situations of violence experienced by these women.

Network to combat violence against rural women: articulation and communication of services.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the constituent services of the network to combat violence against rural women in municipalities in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul and to analyze the articulation and communication of services in search of the resolution of situations of violence. METHOD: descriptive-exploratory, qualitative study, carried out through semi-structured interviews with 26 professionals from intersectoral services, as well as managers and/or those responsible for these services. Data were systematized through content analysis. RESULTS: although the professionals collectively discuss and plan coping actions, difficulties were identified in the approximation between services, related to the definition of flow, knowledge of actions/referrals, fear of seeing and reporting violence, understanding that it is not a question of demand of their field of action, and women's access to services. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: it is evident the need to implement public policies that address the singularities of violence against women in rural settings.

Violence in rural areas against disabled people from the perspective of their families / La violencia en el medio rural contra las personas con discapacidad desde la perspectiva de sus familias / Violências em áreas rurais contra pessoas com deficiência na perspectiva de seus familiares

ABSTRACT Objectives: to know the violence spoken and felt by disabled people, living in rural areas, from the perspective of their families. Methods: a descriptive-exploratory and qualitative study, carried out in four municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Twelve family members who lived with disabled people in rural areas participated. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: disabled people, living in rural areas, experienced physical, psychological and sexual violence, perpetrated by family members, colleagues, community members and health professionals. Adaptations were mentioned in family dynamics for the care of disabled people, social, financial and leisure impacts, and challenges in access and accessibility to education and health services. Final Considerations: violence against this population manifests itself in a reality with socioeconomic and family particularities, marked by exclusion, disrespect and denial of rights and access to fundamental goods and services.

RESUMO Objetivos: conhecer a violência falada e sentida pelas pessoas com deficiência, residentes em áreas rurais, na perspectiva de seus familiares. Métodos: estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido em quatro municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Participaram 12 familiares que residiam com pessoas com deficiência em áreas rurais. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo analisados pela análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: as pessoas com deficiência, residentes em áreas rurais, vivenciaram violência física, psicológica e sexual, perpetrada por familiares, colegas, pessoas da comunidade e profissionais de saúde. Foram mencionadas adaptações nas dinâmicas familiares para o cuidado da pessoa com deficiência, impactos sociais, financeiros e no lazer, e desafios no acesso e acessibilidade a serviços de educação e saúde. Considerações Finais: a violência contra essa população manifesta-se em uma realidade com particularidades socioeconômicas e familiares, marcada pela exclusão, desrespeito e negação de direitos e acesso a bens e serviços fundamentais.

RESUMEN Objetivos: conocer la violencia hablada y sentida por personas con discapacidad, que viven en zonas rurales, desde la perspectiva de sus familias. Métodos: estudio descriptivo-exploratorio con abordaje cualitativo, realizado en cuatro municipios de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Participaron 12 familiares que vivían con personas con discapacidad en zonas rurales. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y analizados mediante análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: las personas con discapacidad, residentes en áreas rurales, experimentaron violencia física, psicológica y sexual, perpetrada por familiares, colegas, miembros de la comunidad y profesionales de la salud. Se mencionaron adaptaciones en la dinámica familiar para el cuidado de personas con discapacidad, impactos sociales, económicos y de ocio, y desafíos en el acceso y accesibilidad a los servicios de educación y salud. Consideraciones Finales: la violencia contra esta población se manifiesta en una realidad con particularidades socioeconómicas y familiares, marcada por la exclusión, el irrespeto y la negación de derechos y acceso a bienes y servicios fundamentales.

Atenção à saúde de idosos com deficiências residentes em cenário rural: perspectiva de agentes comunitários / Atención a la salud de las personas mayores con discapacidad residentes en el entorno rural: perspectiva de los agentes comunitarios / Health care of elderly people with disabilities living in rural settings: perspective of community agents

RESUMO Objetivo: apreender a perspectiva dos Agentes Comunitários sobre a atenção à saúde de idosos com deficiências residentes em cenário rural. Método: estudo quanti-qualitativo, cuja coleta de dados, inicialmente, foi realizada com 276 pessoas com deficiência residentes em cenário rural, através de questionários aplicados de agosto de 2018 a julho de 2019. Deste total, foram selecionadas apenas as pessoas idosas para fazer parte do recorte desta pesquisa, totalizando uma amostra de 54 indivíduos. Após análise dos dados quantitativos por meio de programa estatístico, foram entrevistados 18 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde que assistiam estes idosos em suas micro áreas rurais. As entrevistas foram realizadas de julho a agosto de 2021, analisadas pela Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: pôde-se constatar a presença de doenças crônicas nos idosos, além da dependência de serviços públicos de saúde, distantes das residências. Os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde relataram suas ações de atenção aos idosos com deficiência, destacando a importância da colaboração da equipe multiprofissional para atender esta população. Conclusão: verifica-se que o atendimento a esse estrato populacional, em comunidades rurais, centra-se no Agente Comunitário de Saúde, indicando a necessidade de novas pesquisas sobre o tema.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la perspectiva de los Agentes Comunitarios sobre la atención a la salud de personas mayores con discapacidades residentes en el entorno rural. Método: estudio cuanti-cualitativo, cuya recopilación de datos, inicialmente, fue realizada con 276 personas con discapacidad residentes en ambiente rural, a través de cuestionarios aplicados de agosto de 2018 a julio de 2019. De este total, fueron seleccionados solo los ancianos para formar parte del recorte de esta investigación, totalizando una muestra de 54 individuos. Tras el análisis de los datos cuantitativos por medio de programa estadístico, fueron entrevistados 18 Agentes Comunitarios de Salud que asistían a estos ancianos en sus micro áreas rurales. Las entrevistas fueron realizadas de julio a agosto de 2021, analizadas por el Análisis de Contenido Temático. Resultados: se pudo constatar la presencia de enfermedades crónicas en las personas mayores, además de la dependencia de servicios públicos de salud, lejanos a las residencias. Los Agentes Comunitarios de Salud relataron sus acciones de atención a los ancianos con discapacidad, destacando la importancia de la colaboración del equipo multiprofesional para atender a esta población. Conclusión: se verifica que la atención a ese grupo poblacional, en comunidades rurales, se centra en el Agente Comunitario de Salud, indicando la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones sobre el tema.

ABSTRACT Objective: to apprehend the perspective of Community Agents on health care of elderly people with disabilities living in rural settings. Method: quantitative-qualitative study, whose data collection was initially performed with 276 people with disabilities living in rural settings, through questionnaires applied from August 2018 to July 2019. From this total, only the elderly were selected to be part of the cut of this research, totaling a sample of 54 individuals. After analyzing the quantitative data through a statistical program, 18 Community Health Agents who assisted these elderly in their micro rural areas were interviewed. The interviews were conducted from July to August 2021, analyzed by the Thematic Content Analysis. Results: it was possible to verify the presence of chronic diseases in the elderly, in addition to dependence on public health services, far from homes. The Community Health Agents reported their actions of attention to the elderly with disabilities, highlighting the importance of the collaboration of the multidisciplinary team to meet this population. Conclusion: it appears that the care to this population stratum, in rural communities, focuses on the Community Health Agent, indicating the need for new research on the subject.

Inter-sectorial network for assisting women in situations of violence: handicraft work built by the people / Red intersectorial de atención a mujeres en situación de violencia: trabajo artesanal construido por las personas / Rede intersetorial de atendimento às mulheres em situação de violência: trabalho artesanal construído pelas pessoas

ABSTRACT Objectives: to discuss the meanings attributed by professionals to the construction of the service network for women in situations of violence. Methods: Convergent Care Research developed with the application of a convergence group with 32 participants from the health, social assistance, or public security sectors, in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. The data was produced during ten meetings, based on the problematization methodology, and submitted to analysis of thematic content and interpreted with the referential of networks. Results: the construction of the network is an artisanal work carried out by people continuously, permeated by bonds, communication and partnerships between services and knowledge of work processes. Lashings require permanent movement. Final Considerations: building a network implies defining intertwining lines; form nodes that create cross-sector connections. There is a need to institutionalize processes through care continuity protocols, associated with an efficient communication system between sectors.

RESUMEN Objetivos: discutir los sentidos atribuidos por profesionales a construcción de la red de atención a mujeres en situación de violencia. Métodos: Investigación Convergente Asistencial desarrollada con aplicación de grupo de convergencia con 32 participantes de sectores de salud, asistencia social o seguridad pública, en Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Datos fueron producidos durante diez encuentros, pautados en la metodología de la problematización, sometidos al análisis de contenido temático e interpretados con el referencial de redes. Resultados: la construcción de la red es un trabajo artesanal realizado por personas continuamente, permeado por vínculo, comunicación y colaboraciones entre los servicios y conocimiento de los procesos de trabajo. Las amarraduras demandan movimiento permanente. Consideraciones Finales: construir red implica definir líneas que se entrelazan; formar nudos que crean conexiones intersectoriales. Hay necesidad de institucionalización de los procesos mediante protocolos de continuidad del cuidado, asociados a un sistema de comunicación eficiente entre los sectores.

RESUMO Objetivos: discutir os sentidos atribuídos por profissionais à construção da rede de atendimento às mulheres em situação de violência. Métodos: Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial desenvolvida com aplicação de grupo de convergência com 32 participantes de setores da saúde, assistência social ou segurança pública, em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram produzidos durante dez encontros, pautados na metodologia da problematização, submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática e interpretados com o referencial de redes. Resultados: a construção da rede é um trabalho artesanal realizado pelas pessoas continuamente, permeado por vínculo, comunicação e parcerias entre os serviços e conhecimento dos processos de trabalho. As amarrações exigem movimento permanente. Considerações Finais: construir rede implica definir linhas que se entrelaçam; formar nós que criam conexões intersetoriais. Há necessidade de institucionalização dos processos por meio de protocolos de continuidade do cuidado, associados a um sistema de comunicação eficiente entre os setores.

Cuidados de enfermeiros frente às hemorragias puerperais: revisão integrativa / Cuidados de enfermeros frente a las hemorragias puerperales: revisión integrativa / Nursing care against puerperal hemorrhages: integrative review

Objetivo: identificar os cuidados de enfermeiros frente às hemorragias puerperais disponíveis na literatura científica. Método: revisão integrativa cuja busca foi realizada nas fontes de informação National Library of Medicine, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Scopus, Web of Science, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Scientific Electronic Library Online. Resultados: foram encontrados 31 cuidados para manejo das hemorragias puerperais, sendo os principais a aferição dos sinais vitais e a nova tecnologia para mensuração sanguínea Quantitative Blood Loss. Evidenciaram-se a falta da verificação dos sinais vitais e registro incorreto dos casos que evoluíram para hemorragia pós-parto. Conclusão: a hemorragia pós-parto pode ser prevenida por meio de cuidados realizados pelos enfermeiros. É necessário que sejam feitos estudos sobre a avaliação do globo de segurança de Pinard, amamentação e vínculo mãe e bebê. E que novas tecnologias, como a quantificação sanguínea, sejam acrescentadas em protocolos institucionais.

Objective: to identify the care of nurses in the face of puerperal hemorrhages available in the scientific literature. Method: integrative review whose search was performed in the sources of information National Library of Medicine, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and Scientific Electronic Library Online. Results: 31 precautions were found for the management of puerperal hemorrhages, the main ones being the measurement of vital signs and the new technology for blood measurement Quantitative Blood Loss. There was a lack of verification of vital signs and incorrect recording of cases that evolved into postpartum hemorrhage. Conclusion: postpartum hemorrhage can be prevented by nursing care. It is necessary that studies be made on the evaluation of the safety globe of Pinard, breastfeeding and mother and baby bond. And those new technologies, such as blood quantification, be added in institutional protocols.

Objective: to identify the care of nurses in the face of puerperal hemorrhages available in the scientific literature. Method: integrative review whose search was performed in the sources of information National Library of Medicine, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and Scientific Electronic Library Online. Results: 31 precautions were found for the management of puerperal hemorrhages, the main ones being the measurement of vital signs and the new technology for blood measurement Quantitative Blood Loss. There was a lack of verification of vital signs and incorrect recording of cases that evolved into postpartum hemorrhage. Conclusion: postpartum hemorrhage can be prevented by nursing care. It is necessary that studies be made on the evaluation of the safety globe of Pinard, breastfeeding and mother and baby bond. And those new technologies, such as blood quantification, be added in institutional protocols.

Violencia de gênero em mulheres estudantes universitárias: evidências sobre a prevalência e sobre os fatores associados / Violencia de género entre estudiantes universitarias: evidencia sobre prevalencia y factores asociados / Gender-based violence among female university students: Evidence of prevalence and associated factors

Resumo A violência de gênero contra as mulheres está relacionada à desigualdade de gênero. Ela é compreendida como a ruptura de qualquer forma de integridade da mulher - física, sexual, psicológica, patrimonial, econômica ou moral - e pode ocorrer tanto no âmbito privado-familiar como nos espaços de trabalho e públicos. A violência de gênero repercute na saúde e na qualidade de vida das mulheres em qualquer âmbito social. No caso deste estudo, ela foi analisada no ambiente universitário e no desenvolvimento acadêmico delas. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou analisar as evidências acerca da prevalência da violência de gênero em mulheres estudantes universitárias e seus fatores associados. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC e ASSIA, em que 22 artigos atenderam aos critérios de seleção. As evidências disponíveis na literatura indicaram diferentes formas de violência de gênero em mulheres universitárias, perpetradas por parceiros íntimos e outros agressores. A prevalência de violência de gênero em mulheres estudantes universitárias apontada nos estudos variou entre 1,3% e 85%, diferindo de acordo com o tipo de violência. A violência está associada com fatores sociais e comportamentais, uma vez que as estudantes mais jovens apresentaram maiores índices de violência, assim como as de raça/etnia não branca, as que se identificavam como homossexuais ou bissexuais e as que tinham histórico de vitimização anterior. Evidências sobre o uso de álcool e outras drogas por parte das mulheres e a participação em irmandades sociais diferiram de acordo com o tipo de violência. Assim, conclui-se que a prevalência da violência de gênero na população de mulheres estudantes universitárias varia de acordo com a sua tipificação, é majoritariamente perpetrada por homens próximos a elas e está associada com marcadores sociais.

Resumen La violencia de género contra las mujeres está relacionada con la desigualdad de género y se entiende que es la interrupción de cualquier forma de integridad de las mujeres. Puede ser del tipo físico, sexual, psicológico, patrimonial, económica o moral y puede ocurrir tanto en el entorno privado-familiar, como en el trabajo y los espacios públicos. La violencia de género tiene un impacto en la salud y la calidad de vida de las mujeres y puede generalizarse en entornos universitarios, lo que también implica el desarrollo académico de las mujeres. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la evidencia sobre la prevalencia de la violencia de género en estudiantes universitarias y sus factores asociados. Esta es una revisión integral de la literatura realizada en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC y ASSIA, en la que 22 artículos cumplieron con los criterios de selección. La evidencia disponible en la literatura ha indicado diferentes formas de violencia de género en mujeres universitarias perpetradas por parejas íntimas y otros agresores. La prevalencia de la violencia de género en las estudiantes universitarias informadas en los estudios varió entre el 1,3% y el 85%, difiriendo según el tipo de violencia. La violencia está asociada a factores sociales y de comportamiento, ya que las estudiantes más jóvenes tuvieron tasas más altas de violencia, así como aquellos de raza/etnia no blanca, aquellos que se identificaron como homosexuales o bisexuales y los que tenían un historial de victimización Anterior. Las pruebas sobre el uso de alcohol y otras drogas por parte de las mujeres y la participación en hermandades sociales diferían según el tipo de violencia. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la prevalencia de la violencia de género en la población de estudiantes universitarias varía según su tipificación, en su mayoría es perpetrada por hombres cercanos a ellas y está asociada con marcadores sociales.

Abstract Gender-based violence against women is related to gender inequality and is understood as the disruption of any form of the woman's integrity. It can be physical, sexual, psychological, patrimonial, economic or moral, and can occur in the private-family environment as well as in the work and public spaces. Gender-based violence affects the health and quality of life of women and can be disseminated in several ways in the university environments, which also affects the women's aca-demic development. The present study aimed to analyze the evidence about the prevalence of gender-based violence among female university students and its associated factors. This is an integrative literature review performed in the LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC and ASSIA databases, in which 22 articles met the selection criteria. Evidence available in the literature have indicated different forms of gender-based violence among college women perpetrated by intimate partners and other aggressors. The prevalence of gender-based violence in female university students reported in the studies varied between 1.3% and 85%, differing according to the type of violence. Such violence is associated to social and behavioral factors, as younger students presented higher rates of violence, as well as those of a non-white race/ethnicity, those who identified themselves as homosexual or bisexual, and those with a previous history of victimization. Evidence about the use of alcohol and other drugs by women and their participation in social fraternities or sororities differed according to the type of violence. Thus, one may conclude that the prevalence of gender-based violence among the population of female university students varies according to its typification, is mostly perpetrated by men close to the women and is associated with social markers.

Confronting situations of violence against children and adolescents from the perspective of Guardianship Counselors / Enfrentamiento de situaciones de violencia contra niños y adolescentes desde la perspectiva de los Consejeros Tutelares / Enfrentamento das situações de violência contra crianças e adolescentes na perspectiva de Conselheiros Tutelares

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the potentialities and limits in confronting situations of violence against children and adolescents seen from the perspective of Guardianship Counselors. Method: Qualitative research, developed with 18 Guardianship Counselors from two municipalities in the central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were generated between June and July 2021, using the focus group technique, and were subjected to thematic content analysis. Results: The following were identified as potentialities for combating violence against children and adolescents: denunciations; networking; and media coverage. As limits, we have: naturalization of violence; pandemic of the Covid-19; de-structuring of the intersectoral network; lack of training; and difficulty in developing preventive actions. Conclusion: The Guardianship Councilors require training to act in cases of violence against children and adolescents, as well as support from other sectors, such as health, education, public safety, and social assistance, in order to fully attend to these cases.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir las potencialidades y los límites en el enfrentamiento de situaciones de violencia contra niños y adolescentes vistos desde la perspectiva de los Consejeros Tutelares. Método: Investigación cualitativa, desarrollada con 18 Consejeros Tutelares de dos municipios de la región central del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los datos fueron generados entre junio y julio de 2021, utilizando la técnica de grupos focales, y fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Se identificaron como potencialidades para el combate a la violencia contra niños y adolescentes: las denuncias; el trabajo en red; y la cobertura mediática. Como límites, tenemos: naturalización de la violencia; pandemia del Covid-19; desestructuración de la red intersectorial; falta de capacitación; y dificultad para desarrollar acciones preventivas. Conclusión: Los Consejeros Tutelares requieren capacitación para actuar en casos de violencia contra niños y adolescentes, así como el apoyo de otros sectores, como salud, educación, seguridad pública y asistencia social, para atender plenamente estos casos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as potencialidades e limites no enfrentamento das situações de violência contra crianças e adolescentes na perspectiva de Conselheiros Tutelares. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida com 18 Conselheiros Tutelares de dois municípios da região central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram gerados entre junho e julho de 2021, por meio da técnica de grupo focal, sendo submetidos a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Elencaram-se como potencialidades para o enfrentamento da violência contra crianças e adolescentes: denúncias; atuação em rede; e divulgação midiática. Como limites, tem-se: naturalização da violência; pandemia da Covid-19; desestruturação da rede intersetorial; ausência de capacitações; e dificuldade para desenvolver ações de prevenção. Conclusão Os Conselheiros Tutelares requerem instrumentalização para atuar nos casos de violência contra crianças e adolescentes, bem como o apoio dos demais setores, como saúde, educação, segurança pública e assistência social, de modo a atender integralmente esses casos.

Mulheres com deficiência vivendo em contexto rural: situações de vulnerabilidades e proteção / Women with disabilities living in the rural context: situations of vulnerabilities and protection / Mujeres con discapacidad que viven en el contexto rural: situaciones de vulnerabilidad y protección

Objetivo: analisar as situações de vulnerabilidade e de proteção vivenciadas por mulheres com deficiência em contexto rural. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado com dez mulheres com deficiência residentes em áreas rurais de cinco municípios das regiões norte e noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As entrevistas ocorreram nos domicílios nos meses de janeiro a junho de 2019. O material empírico foi gravado, transcrito e submetido à análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: as vulnerabilidades desveladas foram: restrições de responsabilidade, educação, trabalho, renda, autonomia e benefício social. Quanto às condições potencializadoras de proteção às vulnerabilidades, observaram-se vínculos fortes com a Estratégia Saúde da Família Rural e a Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais e recebimento do Benefício de Prestação Continuada. Conclusão: ações de equipes de saúde rural articuladas na rede de atenção auxiliam na superação de fragilidades de mulheres com deficiência.

Objective: to analyze the situations of vulnerability and protection experienced by women with disabilities in the rural context. Method: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, carried out with ten women with disabilities living in rural areas of five municipalities in the north and northwest regions of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The interviews took place in the households from January to June 2019. The empirical material was recorded, transcribed and subjected to thematic content analysis. Results: the revealed vulnerabilities were: restrictions on responsibility, education, work, income, autonomy and social benefit. As for the conditions improving the protection against vulnerabilities, strong links were observed with the Rural Family Health Strategy and the Association of Parents and Friends of Exceptional Children, besides the receipt of the Continuous Cash Benefit. Conclusion: actions of rural health teams articulated in the care network help to overcome the weaknesses of women with disabilities.

Objetivo: analizar las situaciones de vulnerabilidad y protección que viven las mujeres con discapacidad en el contexto rural. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, realizado con diez mujeres con discapacidad residentes en áreas rurales de cinco ayuntamientos de las regiones norte y noroeste de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Las entrevistas tuvieron lugar en los hogares de enero a junio de 2019. El material empírico fue grabado, transcrito y sometido al análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: las vulnerabilidades reveladas fueron: restricciones de responsabilidad, educación, trabajo, ingreso, autonomía y beneficio social. En cuanto a las condiciones que potencian la protección contra las vulnerabilidades, se observaron fuertes vínculos con la Estrategia de Salud Familiar Rural y la Asociación de Padres y Amigos de los Excepcionales, además de la recepción del Beneficio de la Provisión Continua. Conclusión: las acciones de los equipos de salud rural articuladas en la red de atención ayudan a superar las debilidades de las mujeres con discapacidad.

Acolhimento na Estratégia Saúde da Família: perspectivas das pessoas com deficiência no contexto rural / Acogimiento en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar: perspectivas de las personas con discapacidad en el contexto rural / Welcoming in the Family Health Strategy: perspectives of people with disabilities in the rural context

Objetivo: analisar as percepções das pessoas com deficiência física que residem no contexto rural acerca do acolhimento prestado pelas equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido em seis municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, cujos participantes foram treze pessoas com deficiência física. A produção das informações ocorreu de janeiro a maio de 2019 por entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisadas pela modalidade temática. Resultados: o acolhimento foi relacionado ao carinho, afeto, relação de confiança, diálogo e proximidade com os profissionais, bem como à resolutividade das demandas ou encaminhamento para outros serviços. Contudo, elencaram dificuldades quanto à disponibilidade de medicações, exames, atendimento médico e agendamento do atendimento. Conclusão: apesar do esforço dos profissionais das equipes em acolher as pessoas com deficiência física residentes no contexto rural e atender suas demandas, revela-se a centralização do cuidado nas questões biológicas e as limitações de acessibilidade e acesso aos serviços de saúde.

Objective: to analyze the perceptions of people with physical disabilities living in the rural context about the welcoming provided by the Family Health Strategy teams. Method: qualitative study, developed in six cities in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, whose participants were 13 people with physical disabilities. The production of information took place from January to May 2019 through semi-structured interviews, analyzed by thematic modality. Results: welcoming was related to fondness, affection, relationship of trust, dialogue and closeness with professionals, as well as resolvability of demands or referral to other services. Nevertheless, they listed difficulties regarding the availability of medications, exams, medical care and scheduling of care. Conclusion: despite the efforts of the professionals working in the teams to welcome people with physical disabilities living in the rural context and meet their demands, the centralization of care in biological issues and the limitations of accessibility and access to health services are revealed.

Objetivo: analizar las percepciones de las personas con discapacidad física que viven en el contexto rural sobre la acogida brindada por los equipos de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Método: estudio cualitativo, desarrollado en seis ayuntamientos de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, cuyos participantes fueron 13 personas con discapacidad física. La producción de la información tuvo lugar de enero a mayo de 2019 mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, analizadas por modalidad temática. Resultados: el acogimiento se relacionó con el cariño, el afecto, la relación de confianza, el diálogo y la cercanía con los profesionales, así como la resolución de demandas o la referencia a otros servicios. Sin embargo, enumeraron dificultades con respecto a la disponibilidad de medicamentos, exámenes, atención médica y programación de la atención. Conclusión: a pesar del esfuerzo de los profesionales de estos equipos para acoger a las personas con discapacidad física que viven en el contexto rural y atender sus demandas, se revela la centralización de la atención en cuestiones biológicas y las limitaciones de accesibilidad y acceso a los servicios de salud.