Physical Growth and Neurodevelopment of a Cohort of Children after 3.5 Years of Follow-up from Mothers with Zika Infection during Pregnancy-Third Report of the ZIKERNCOL Study.

INTRODUCTION: In utero Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure has been related to a group of congenital structural abnormalities called the congenital Zika syndrome, which also has been related to neurodevelopment alterations even in normocephalic children. Physical growth has been less explored, and delayed growth and malnutrition have been reported. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to describe the growth and neurodevelopment features of normocephalic infants born from a cohort of mothers with RT-PCR confirmed ZIKV during pregnancy in Risaralda, Colombia. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort, including normocephalic children born from mothers with RT-PCR confirmed ZIKV infection during pregnancy in Risaralda, Colombia. Physical growth was measured using WHO standards, and neurodevelopment was measured with the abbreviated neurodevelopment scale 2 validated for Colombia. RESULTS: After verifying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 children were followed during a median time of 28 months (IQR 23-31 months); for a total of 116 visits, 87.5% (n = 14) of the patients developed a growth alteration. Five presented post-natal microcephaly, and among them, four presented malnutrition or low height. Six patients developed macrocephaly. Patients with a normal head circumference had normal neurodevelopment. Only one patient with microcephaly persisted with impairment of the neurodevelopment at the end of follow-up. All the patients with macrocephaly had normal neurodevelopment. DISCUSSION: Our study suggests that growth could be altered in infants with in utero Zika exposure. We found a high proportion of patients with overgrowth and macrocephaly. Future studies should consider endocrine follow-up of children born with in utero Zika exposure to explore these findings' possible aetiologies. CONCLUSION: We found a high proportion of growth alterations, particularly with overgrowth features and macrocephaly. Our study suggests that in addition to neurodevelopment impairment, growth could be altered in infants and children with in utero Zika exposure, even in those patients born without CZS.

Impacto de la fluorosis dental en la calidad de vida de adolescentes ecuatorianos de entre 11 a 14 años / Impact of dental fluorosis over the quality of life of ecuadorian teenagers between 11 and 14 years

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el impacto de la fluorosis dental (FD) en la calidad de vida (CV) de adolescentes entre 11 a 14 años del cantón Latacunga, Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: Se plantea un estudio descriptivo, en una muestra de 128 adolescentes entre 11 a 14 años y sus respectivos padres, empleando como instrumentos de recolección de información, la encuesta INEN para determinar el nivel socioeconómico, el cuestionario CPQ11-14 para precisar calidad de vida, y un registro fotográfico intraoral de cada adolescente, analizado posteriormente por tres investigadores según el índice de Thylstrup y Fejerskov (TF). Un análisis químico sobre la concentración de flúor en las fuentes de abastecimiento de agua de consumo, fue ejecutado complementariamente. Resultados: La prevalencia de FD fue de 70,3% en los grados TF 1, 2,3. El análisis químico del agua mostró una media de flúor de 1,06 mg/l. Las pruebas estadísticas revelaron una relación de la CV con FD (p = 0,000) y con el nivel socioeconómico (p = 0,001). Conclusiones: La CV se ve afectada con la presencia de FD y el nivel socioeconómico, sin relación con la edad, sexo o la presencia de flúor en el agua de consumo.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of dental fluorosis (DF) over the quality of life (QoL) of adolescents between 11 and 14 years old, of Latacunga, Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Materials and methods: This descriptive study had a sample of 128 adolescents between 11 to 14 years old and their respective parents. The information was collected through, the INEN survey to determine socioeconomic status and the CPQ11-14 survey to determine adolescents' QoL. In addition, intraoral photographic records were obtained for DF detection according Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TF) and the public water company accomplished chemical analysis of fluoride concentration in water sources. Results: The prevalence of DF was 70.3% corresponding to TF 1, 2, 3 index. Chemical analyzes of water showed an average of 1.06 mg / l on Fluoride levels. Statistical analysis showed correlation between QoL and Fluorosis presence (p = 0.000) and QoL to socio-economic level (p = 0.001). Conclusions: QoL relates to DF and the socio-economic level. However, it is not to age, sex or fluoride levels in consumption water. Key words: Teenagers, dental fluorosis, oral health, life quality, water fluoridation, epidemiology, dental health survey, public health dentistry.

Primary pleural liposarcoma, pleomorphic variant.

Primary pleural liposarcoma (PPL) is a rare tumor derived from primitive mesenchymal tissue. We report a case of a 49-year-old female patient complaining of thoracic pain and dyspnea for 3 months. The chest X-ray showed a left basal opacity of lobulated contours and the thoracic computer tomography (CT) scan revealed a left pleural collection/mass, of 18 HU density and passive pulmonary atelectasis. The patient was taken to surgery and the cytologic examination of the gelatinous mass found in the procedure confirmed the diagnosis of a pleomorphic variant of pleural liposarcoma. We emphasise in the importance of careful inspection of the origin of the tumor in the diagnostic images to allow accurate diagnosis.

Greenhouse evaluation and environmental impact assessment of different urine-derived struvite fertilizers as phosphorus sources for plants.

A selection of six urine-derived struvite fertilizers generated by innovative precipitation technologies was assessed for their quality and their effectiveness as phosphorus sources for crops. Struvite purity was influenced by drying techniques and magnesium dosage. In a greenhouse experiment, the urine fertilizers led to biomass yields and phosphorus uptakes comparable to or higher than those induced by a commercial mineral fertilizer. Heavy metal concentrations of the different struvite fertilizers were below the threshold limits specified by the German Fertilizer and Sewage Sludge Regulations. The computed loading rates of heavy metals to agricultural land were also below the threshold limits decreed by the Federal Soil Protection Act. Urine-derived struvite contributed less to heavy metal inputs to farmland than other recycling products or commercial mineral and organic fertilizers. When combined with other soil conditioners, urine-derived struvite is an efficient fertilizer which covers the magnesium and more than half of the phosphorus demand of crops.

Estudio multifactorial del estado nutricional y comparación tablas OMS/colombianas en niños de primero de primaria de 6 instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Manizales 2012-2014 / Multifactorial study of nutritional status and comparison charts WHO/Colombian children in first grade from 6 educational institutions in the city of Manizales 2012-2014

Evaluar el estado nutricional de niños de primero de primaria entre los 5 y 7 años de edad, y comparar curvas de crecimiento y desarrollo de la OMS y colombianas.Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, con una muestra de 336 niños de 6 instituciones educativas de Manizales, Colombia. La información se obtuvo enviando encuestas a los padres, se tomaron medidas antropométricas en cada institución y se categorizaron según la resolución 2121 del 2010 del ministerio de la protección social de Colombia. Resultados: Promedio de edad de los niños 7±0,54años. Los perfiles talla/edad e IMC/edad calculados según curvas de desarrollo de la OMS y colombianas resultaron significativamente diferentes (p=0,000). Según curvas colombianas el 61,2% resultaron con peso adecuado, 22,5% con riesgo de delgadez,y 4% con delgadez, el 87,7% resultaron con talla adecuada, 9,8% con riesgo de talla baja, y 2,5% con talla baja. La categorización de talla según curvas colombianas resultó relacionada con haber tenido lactancia materna (p=0,044), haber tenido antecedentes patológicos en los últimos 3 meses. La categorización IMC según curvas colombiana resultó relacionada con la educación de la madre (p=0,004) y del padre (p=0,035).Conclusiones: Las tablas Colombianas difieren de las tablas de la OMS, tanto paratalla/edad como para IMC/edad. La población presentó una alta proporción de riesgo a la delgadez y delgadez, y una proporción significativa de riesgo de talla baja y tallabaja, lo cual sugeriría la necesidad de una intervención...