Relationship between Mental Disorders and Optimism in a Community-Based Sample of Adults.

Optimism should be included in efforts to protect mental health, as it can provide cognitive resources. Optimism also reduces the negative effects of stressful life events associated with the occurrence and recurrence of mental disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between mental disorders and optimism in a community-based sample of adults. The study was conducted in three semi-rural clusters determined via random sampling. After adjustment in accordance with the independent variables, the relationship between each psychiatric disorder and Life Orientation Test (LOT) was calculated using logistic models. Overall, 24.5% of participants were categorized into at least one mental disorder group, with 20.8%, 3.5%, and 0.3% having one, two, or three mental disorders, respectively. The median LOT score was lower in patients diagnosed from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders modules, except for the somatoform disorder module. Maintaining an optimistic view reduced the risk of mood disorders by 0.86 (OR; 95% CI, 0.81-0.91), anxiety disorders by 0.89 (0.83-0.97), and probable alcohol abuse by 0.83 (0.74-0.93) times after adjustment. The role of an optimistic view in coping with mental problems should be investigated in detail.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics and associated factors of hair graying: a population-based, cross-sectional study in Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Hair graying is common in humans; but there is scarce data about its epidemiology. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and associated factors of hair graying. METHODS: A total of 1541 volunteers between 15 and 65 years old were included in this population-based, cross-sectional study. A questionnaire on characteristics and associated factors of hair graying was filled in by face-to-face interview method. RESULTS: One thousand sixty three participants (69.0%) had hair graying. The mean onset age of hair graying was 32.9±9.8 years. It was 31.7±9.5 years in females, whereas 33.7±10.0 years in males (p=0.001). The most common involved area of hair graying at the onset and at the time of the interview was temporal region. When it was evaluated by gender, it was temporal in males whereas parietal in females. Hair graying was more severe in males than in females and in late-onset hair graying than early-onset hair graying (respectively, p=0.000, p<0.001). The most common involved area at the onset and at the present was temporal in severe hair graying; whereas parietal in mild hair graying. In logistic regression analysis, age, educational status, presence of hair loss, skin type, family history of early-onset hair graying and anxiety were independently related to hair graying (p<0.05). STUDY LIMITATIONS: The study was performed in only Turkish individuals. The recall biases were another limitations. CONCLUSION: Male gender, late-onset and temporal-onset of hair graying may be considered to be poor prognostic factors for hair graying. There is need for further epidemiological studies in people with different ethnic origin to illuminate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and associated factors of hair graying.

Violence and related factors among high school students in semirural areas of Eskisehir.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of violence-related behaviors and related factors at school or school environment among high school students educated in the semirural areas of Eskisehir. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The sample comprised 1465 high school students. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics and the 2013 survey questions of the "Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System" of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: It was found that 8.5% of students exhibited violent behaviors at school or school environment. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, sex, father's employment status, smoking, alcohol use, and feeling unsafe were effective independent variables on violence. CONCLUSION: Students had a high rate of violence-related behaviors at school or school environment. Community-based public health interventions are required to solve this problem.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics and associated factors of hair graying: a population-based, cross-sectional study in Turkey

Abstract Background Hair graying is common in humans; but there is scarce data about its epidemiology. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and associated factors of hair graying. Methods A total of 1541 volunteers between 15 and 65 years old were included in this population-based, cross-sectional study. A questionnaire on characteristics and associated factors of hair graying was filled in by face-to-face interview method. Results One thousand sixty three participants (69.0%) had hair graying. The mean onset age of hair graying was 32.9 ± 9.8 years. It was 31.7 ± 9.5 years in females, whereas 33.7 ± 10.0 years in males (p = 0.001). The most common involved area of hair graying at the onset and at the time of the interview was temporal region. When it was evaluated by gender, it was temporal in males whereas parietal in females. Hair graying was more severe in males than in females and in late-onset hair graying than early-onset hair graying (respectively, p = 0.000, p < 0.001). The most common involved area at the onset and at the present was temporal in severe hair graying; whereas parietal in mild hair graying. In logistic regression analysis, age, educational status, presence of hair loss, skin type, family history of early-onset hair graying and anxiety were independently related to hair graying (p < 0.05). Study limitations The study was performed in only Turkish individuals. The recall biases were another limitations. Conclusion Male gender, late-onset and temporal-onset of hair graying may be considered to be poor prognostic factors for hair graying. There is need for further epidemiological studies in people with different ethnic origin to illuminate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and associated factors of hair graying.