Prevalence, pain intensity and symptoms associated with primary dysmenorrhea: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is an etiological cyclic pelvic pain related to the menstrual period; it can negatively impact women's quality of life and productivity. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of PD and analyze associated symptoms in Brazilian women. METHODS: An online cross-sectional study was carried out in Brazil, with a structured questionnaire regarding dysmenorrhea and associated symptoms. PD intensity was measured with the Numerical Rating Scale for Pain and classified as mild (1-3), moderate (4-7) and severe (> 8). The association between qualitative variables was performed using Pearson's Chi-Square Test. The quantification of this association was measured using multinomial logistic regression models, with calculation of Odds Ratio and confidence interval. A significance level of 5% was considered. RESULTS: A total of 10,070 women were included. Most participants classified PD intensity as moderate (40.4%, 41.9% and 49.7%) and severe (21.2%, 24.8% and 28.4%) in the previous month, 3 months and 5 years, respectively. The most common symptoms associated with PD were irritability, abdominal distension sensation, anxiety and feeling more emotional. The increased of the risk (OR > 1.0) for moderate and severe PD-related pain intensity is related to age, nulliparity and presence PD since adolescence. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of PD among Brazilian women, and the most common symptoms reported were irritability, abdominal distension sensation, anxiety and feeling more emotional.

Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia in chronic neck pain patients (TSK-neck): structural and construct validity and reliability in a Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: To date, there are no studies in the literature that define the internal structure of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) in patients with chronic neck pain based on factorial analysis. As such, we aimed to verify and identify the best structure of the Brazilian version of the TSK in patients with chronic neck pain. METHODS: We included Brazilian participants aged ≥18 years, both sexes, with self-reported neck pain for more than 3 months and pain intensity ≥3 on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Dimensionality and number of TSK items were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We tested the following internal structures: structure 1 (1 domain and 17 items), structure 2 (1 domain and 11 items), structure 3 (2 domains and 11 items), and structure 4 (2 domains and 9 items). We used the Pain-Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale (PCTS) and the NPRS for construct validity. In addition, we assessed test-retest reliability for the seven-day interval using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1), Cronbach's alpha to assess internal consistency, and ceiling and floor effects. RESULTS: The study sample included of 335 patients. Most were women (77.6%), young adults (~ 34 years), single (48.4%), with complete primary education (57.3%), physically inactive (66.6%), with a mean pain duration of 46 months and a mean pain intensity of ~ 5 points on the NPRS. Redundancy was found in the following items: item 1 with item 2 (modification indices = 21.419) and item 13 with item 15 (modification indices = 13.641). Subsequently, based on these paired analyses, the items with the lowest factor loadings (items 2 and 15) were excluded. As such, TSK structure 4 was composed of two domains ("somatic focus" and "activity avoidance") and 9 items, which showed adequate fit indices and lower AIC and SABIC values. We observed significant values (p < 0.05) with a correlation magnitude greater than 0.142 to 0.657 between the two domains of the TSK-neck and the other instruments (PCTS and NPRS). We found excellent reliability (ICC2,1 ≥ 0.96) and adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ≥0.98) of the TSK-neck. Finally, ceiling and floor effects were not observed. CONCLUSION: The TSK-neck structure with two domains (somatic focus and activity avoidance) and nine items is the most appropriate for patients with chronic neck pain.

Presenteeism and associated factors among women with menstrual symptoms.

PURPOSE: Menstrual characteristics can affect a woman's productivity at work and college, but studies in a general population of adult women are scarce. In addition, it is important to know which menstrual symptoms are most associated with presenteeism in women to promote specific health actions. The present study aimed to assess menstrual symptoms associated with presenteeism in adult women. METHODS: Online cross-sectional study in which menstrual characteristics, including menstrual flow, age of menarche, menstrual pain and cycle duration were assessed by a self-report questionnaire. The menstrual pain intensity was assessed by Numerical Rating Scale, and the presenteeism, by the Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6 (SPS-6). Women were divided in two groups, with and without presenteeism, based on the SPS-6 cutoff point. Data were analyzed by binary logistic regression and presented as odds ratios (OR). RESULTS: Among the 430 women who participated in the study, 44.2% were classified as with presenteeism. Women with severe menstrual flow were more likely to have presenteeism (OR = 2.12) compared with women with mild and moderate menstrual flow. The higher menstrual pain intensity the higher the chances of a woman presenting with presenteeism (OR = 1.29). CONCLUSIONS: These menstrual characteristics (intensity of menstrual flow and menstrual pain) seem to affect women's productivity at work and/or college, and should be assessed in research and clinical practice. Thus, public policies on women's health can be carried out based on these results.

Measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures for women with dysmenorrhea: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Dysmenorrhea, or menstrual pain, is a subjective experience, and can only be assessed by patient-reported outcomes. These instruments should be reliable, valid and responsive. AIM: To identify and critically appraise the available evidence for the measurement properties of specific patient-reported outcome measures used for dysmenorrhea. METHODS: The PRISMA statement was used to report this systematic review. Databases searched were PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar (April 2021; updated on February 2023). Original studies with primary data collection, with no restriction on language and publication date that reported psychometric properties of one or more dysmenorrhea-related patient-reported outcome measure. The literature searches, selection of studies, data extraction and assessment of the risk of bias were performed independently by two reviewers and followed the COSMIN guidelines. RESULTS: Thirty studies were analysed in this review, and 19 patient-reported outcome measures were evaluated. The instruments varied in relation to the measured construct and measurement properties (validity, reliability and responsiveness). The methodological quality of the studies and the quality of evidence of the patient-reported outcome measures were variable. Among the 13 studies that reported the development of patient-reported outcome measures, most had inadequate methodological quality, and the overall rating was insufficient or inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: The Dysmenorrhea Symptom Interference (DSI) scale was the only identified patient-reported outcome measure that has the potential to be recommended because of its sufficient rating combined with moderate quality of evidence for content validity. Future studies should further evaluate the measurement properties of the existing patient-reported outcome measures, or develop new patient-reported outcome measures following the COSMIN methodology. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Not applicable as this is a systematic review. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO protocol: CRD42021244410. Registration on April 22, 2021.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese and measurement properties of the WaLIDD score.

Objective: Dysmenorrhea is the pain related to menstruation; to screen for the symptoms, a working ability, location, intensity of days of pain, and dysmenorrhea (WaLIDD) score was created. The purpose of this work was to culturally adapt and assess the measurement properties of the WaLIDD score for dysmenorrhea in Brazilian women. Methods: In this cross-sectional online study, we evaluated women with and without dysmenorrhea. Criterion validity and construct validity were assessed, respectively, by the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve and correlations with the bodily pain and social functioning domains of medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), self-report of absenteeism and Stanford Presenteeism Scale for presenteeism. Test-retest reliability and measurement errors were assessed, respectively, by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland and Altman Graph. Results: 430 women completed the test, 238 (55.4%) women had dysmenorrhea, and 199 (46.3%) answered the questionnaire twice for the retest. The cutoff points ≥4, ≥5, and ≥5 could discriminate between women with and without dysmenorrhea, absenteeism, and presenteeism related to dysmenorrhea, respectively. Correlations between SF-36 - pain and social functioning domains and WaLIDD score were weak to strong and negative. For WaLIDD total Score, ICC was 0.95 and the limits of agreement were -1.54 and 1.62. Conclusion: WaLIDD score is a short, valid and reliable instrument to screen and predict dysmenorrhea and could predict absenteeism and presenteeism related to dysmenorrhea in Brazilian women.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and measurement properties of the dysmenorrhea symptom interference (DSI) scale-Brazilian version.

BACKGROUND: The Dysmenorrhea Symptom Interference (DSI) scale is a reliable, valid, and responsive tool to assess the interference of menstrual pain in the physical, mental, and social activities of women. OBJECTIVE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the DSI scale into Brazilian-Portuguese (DSI-BrPt) and investigate the measurement properties of this version in on- and off-menses versions. METHODS: The original (United States) scale was translated and culturally adapted following existing guidelines. Measurement properties of the DSI-BrPt were investigated in 1387 women with dysmenorrhea. Reliability was analyzed via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and test-retest reliability. Furthermore, structural validity, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), cross-cultural validity, construct validity (correlation with WHODAS 2.0 and SPS-6 scores questionnaires), and floor and ceiling effects were determined. RESULTS: No significant adaptations were needed during the translation process of the DSI-BrPt. The values of Cronbach's α were adequate (α ≥0.87) for the unidimensional scale. The test-retest reliability was considered adequate (ICC >0.78) and there was no systematic error for both on-menses and off-menses versions. Moreover, the DSI had a positive and strong correlation with WHODAS 2.0. There were no floor and ceiling effects neither for the total sample, nor among off-menses, or on-menses women. CONCLUSION: The DSI-BrPt scale has been translated and cross-culturally adapted successfully. The DSI-BrPt scale presented adequate measurement properties. The scale is valid and reliable, and, therefore, an adequate tool for monitoring dysmenorrhea symptoms in Brazilian women during and between menses.

Self-management of primary dysmenorrhea-related pain: cross-sectional study on non-pharmacological interventions.

Aim: Different nonpharmacological strategies are adopted to decrease primary dysmenorrhea (PD)-related pain. The present study aimed to verify women's use of nonpharmacological methods for pain and compare them with evidence from the literature.Materials & methods: A two-step study was conducted, comprising an online survey with 9144 women to assess nonpharmacological strategies for relieving PD-related pain, and a literature review on PubMed of verify the evidence of nonpharmacological methods.Results: Many women reported using heat therapy (61.5%), tea (42.4%) and massage (30.9%) to alleviate menstrual pain. However, the literature on these methods is limited.Conclusion: Several nonpharmacological methods are used by women to relieve PD-related pain and studies with low bias risk are needed to prove their effectiveness.

What is this article about This article explores how women manage menstrual pain, known as primary dysmenorrhea (PD), using non-drug methods. The study investigates the common self-care techniques women employ to ease their pain and compares these practices with scientific evidence.What were the results? The study found that many women use non-drug methods such as heat therapy (61.5%), tea (42.4%) and massage (30.9%) to relieve menstrual pain. Despite their popularity, sometimes the scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of these methods is limited.What do these results mean? These results indicate that while women frequently use various self-care methods to manage menstrual pain, there is a need for more high-quality scientific studies to confirm whether these methods are truly effective. This highlights a gap between common practices and scientific effectiveness.

Use of cupping therapy in musculoskeletal disorders: A cross-sectional study on the profile, training, and practice of Brazilian physical therapists.

INTRODUCTION: Cupping therapy is a widely used technique in Brazilian physical therapy for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support its effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the profile, training, clinical practice, and scientific updates of Brazilian Physical Therapists who use cupping therapy as a therapeutic resource for musculoskeletal disorders. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire, including 646 Physical Therapists who use cupping therapy in their practice. All data were analysed descriptively. RESULTS: Cupping therapy is a technique that has been widely adopted in clinical practice by Physical Therapists, particularly among young, female professionals who have recently graduated from private universities. The primary reason for interest in this technique among these Physical Therapists is the high demand from patients. Additionally, it is often used in conjunction with other manual therapeutic techniques. They identified easy access, low cost, and ease of use as the key factors that make cupping therapy an attractive option. However, a lack of high-quality scientific evidence, as described in the literature, was identified as a major barrier to its use. CONCLUSION: The Physical Therapists included in this study use cupping therapy in their clinical practice, relying heavily on their own experience and the preferences of their patients, rather than utilizing the third pillar of evidence-based practice, which is to rely on the best available evidence. This study suggests that these Physical Therapists are currently implementing a technique without current scientific recommendations for its use in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese and measurement properties of the WaLIDD score

Abstract Objective: Dysmenorrhea is the pain related to menstruation; to screen for the symptoms, a working ability, location, intensity of days of pain, and dysmenorrhea (WaLIDD) score was created. The purpose of this work was to culturally adapt and assess the measurement properties of the WaLIDD score for dysmenorrhea in Brazilian women. Methods: In this cross-sectional online study, we evaluated women with and without dysmenorrhea. Criterion validity and construct validity were assessed, respectively, by the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve and correlations with the bodily pain and social functioning domains of medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), self-report of absenteeism and Stanford Presenteeism Scale for presenteeism. Test-retest reliability and measurement errors were assessed, respectively, by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland and Altman Graph. Results: 430 women completed the test, 238 (55.4%) women had dysmenorrhea, and 199 (46.3%) answered the questionnaire twice for the retest. The cutoff points ≥4, ≥5, and ≥5 could discriminate between women with and without dysmenorrhea, absenteeism, and presenteeism related to dysmenorrhea, respectively. Correlations between SF-36 - pain and social functioning domains and WaLIDD score were weak to strong and negative. For WaLIDD total Score, ICC was 0.95 and the limits of agreement were −1.54 and 1.62. Conclusion: WaLIDD score is a short, valid and reliable instrument to screen and predict dysmenorrhea and could predict absenteeism and presenteeism related to dysmenorrhea in Brazilian women.

Educação em neurociência da dor e Pilates para idosos com dor lombar crônica: ensaio clínico controlado randomizado / Educación en neurociencia del dolor y pilates para personas mayores con dolor lumbar crónico: ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado / Pain neuroscience education and pilates for elderly with chronic low back pain: randomized controlled clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da Educação em Neurociência da Dor aliada ao Pilates na catastrofização da dor em idosos com lombalgia crônica inespecífica. Métodos Ensaio clínico controlado randomizado com 80 participantes divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Pilates combinado com Educação em Neurociência da Dor - GPE, e Grupo Pilates- GP. As medidas foram feitas no início, pós-intervenção e após seis meses (seguimento). O protocolo incluiu três sessões individuais de Educação em Neurociência da Dor (END) de 30 min (somente para o GPE) e, posteriormente, oito semanas de Pilates (duas vezes por semana, 50 min/sessão, para ambos os grupos). Resultados Comparações das diferenças pré-pós e de seguimento em catastrofização, cinesiofobia, incapacidade e intensidade da dor não mostraram evidências de que a END teve efeitos adicionais em comparação com os exercícios isoladamente. Uma vantagem provável do presente protocolo de END foi que as taxas de abandono para o GPE foram menores do que para o GP, mostrando que a END aumentou a adesão ao exercício. Conclusão A relevância clínica do estudo é que o Pilates é uma intervenção segura para idosos com dor lombar crônica inespecífica e a END pode aumentar a adesão ao exercício nessa população.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de la educación en neurociencia del dolor como aliada a la práctica de pilates en la catastrofización del dolor en personas mayores con lumbalgia crónica inespecífica. Métodos Ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado con 80 participantes divididos en dos grupos: Grupo pilates combinado con educación en neurociencia del dolor (GPE) y Grupo pilates (GP). Las medidas se realizaron antes y después de la intervención y después de seis meses (seguimiento). El protocolo incluía tres sesiones individuales de educación en neurociencia del dolor (END) de 30 minutos (solo para el GPE) y, posteriormente, ocho semanas de pilates (dos veces por semana, 50 min/sesión, para ambos grupos). Resultados La comparación de las diferencias antes-después y de seguimiento en catastrofización, kinesiofobia, incapacidad e intensidad del dolor no mostró evidencias de que la END tenga efectos adicionales en comparación con los ejercicios de forma aislada. Una ventaja probable del presente protocolo de END fue que los índices de abandono del GPE fueron menores que en el GP, lo que demuestra que la END aumentó la adherencia al ejercicio. Conclusión La relevancia clínica del estudio es que pilates es una intervención segura para personas mayores con dolor lumbar crónico inespecífico y la END puede aumentar la adherencia al ejercicio en esta población. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: U1111-1190-673

Abstract Objective Verify the effect of Pain Neuroscience Education combined with Pilates on catastrophizing in older people with chronic non-specific low back pain. Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial with 80 participants divided into two groups: Pilates combined with Pain Neuroscience Education Group - PEG, and Pilates Group - PG. The measurements were taken at baseline, post-intervention, and after 6 months (follow-up). The protocol included three individual 30-min PNE sessions (only for PEG) and, after that, 8 weeks of Pilates (twice a week, 50 min/session, for both groups). Results Comparisons of pre-post and follow-up differences in catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, disability, and pain intensity showed no evidence that PNE had any additional effects when compared with exercises alone. One likely advantage of the present PNE protocol was that the dropout rates for the PEG group were lower than for the PG group, showing that PNE has increased exercise adherence. Conclusion The clinical relevance of the study is that Pilates is a safe intervention for older people with non-specific chronic low back pain, and that PNE can increase adherence to exercise for this population. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: U1111-1190-673

How does my pain look like? Characterizing dysmenorrhea-related pain using the body map / Como se parece a minha dor? Caracterizando a dor relacionada à dismenorreia utilizando o mapa corporal da dor

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common gynaecological disorder characterized by pain in the abdominal region without pelvic disease. Evidence suggests that PD-related pain may not be restricted to the pelvis region, hence body mapping could be helpful in assessing the subjective location, intensity, and distribution of pain areas in women with PD. The objective of this study was to characterize dysmenorrhea-related pain location and intensity using body map. METHODS: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study for adult women to self-report menstrual pain during three menstrual cycles. Each participant was instructed through a messaging application to paint the body map after printing it and rank their pain according to the 11-point Numerical Rating Scale. RESULTS: Seventy-three women (24.1 ± 3.0 years) participated in the study. A considerable proportion of participants reported pain in the lower abdomen (90.4%) and other body areas, such as the lower back (82.1%), head (54.6%), breasts (32.9%), upper abdomen (31.5%), and legs (28.8%). CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that women with PD also present pain outside the uterine referral area during their period. In this way, body maps can help healthcare professionals to record specific regions of pain and track changes or patterns in the location or intensity pain during menses, helping to determine treatment strategies appropriate to the individual needs of each woman with PD. Therefore, we strongly recommend the clinical use of the self-report body map to evaluate menstrual pain and help health providers to improve PD symptoms in this population.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dismenorreia primária (DP) é um distúrbio ginecológico comum caracterizado por dor na região abdominal sem doença pélvica. Evidências sugerem que a dor relacionada à DP pode não estar restrita à região da pelve, portanto, o mapeamento corporal pode ser útil para avaliar a localização subjetiva, a intensidade e a distribuição das áreas de dor em mulheres com DP. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a localização e a intensidade da dor relacionada à dismenorreia por meio do mapa corporal. MÉTODOS: Conduziu-se um estudo transversal baseado na web para mulheres adultas para autorrelato de dor menstrual durante três ciclos menstruais. Cada participante foi instruído por meio de um aplicativo de mensagens a pintar o mapa corporal após imprimi-lo e classificar sua dor de acordo com a Escala de Avaliação Numérica de 11 pontos. RESULTADOS: Setenta e três mulheres (24,1±3,0 anos) participaram do estudo. Uma proporção considerável de participantes relatou dor na parte inferior do abdômen (90,4%) e em outras áreas do corpo, como a parte inferior das costas (82,1%), cabeça (54,6%), mamas (32,9%), parte superior do abdômen (31,5%) e pernas (28,8%). CONCLUSÃO: Os presentes achados revelaram que mulheres com DP também apresentam dor fora da área de referência uterina durante o período menstrual. Dessa forma, os mapas corporais podem ajudar os profissionais de saúde a registrar regiões específicas de dor e rastrear mudanças ou padrões na localização ou intensidade da dor durante a menstruação, ajudando a determinar estratégias de tratamento adequadas às necessidades individuais de cada mulher com DP. Portanto, recomenda-se fortemente o uso clínico do mapa corporal de autorrelato para avaliar a dor menstrual e ajudar os profissionais de saúde a melhorar os sintomas de DP nessa população.

Measurement properties of the Brazilian online version of the Fibromyalgia Rapid Screening Tool (FiRST)

Abstract Objective The Fibromyalgia Rapid Screening Tool (FiRST) was developed to screen people with chronic pain for Fibromyalgia (FM), especially in primary health care settings. This study aimed to translate the FiRST into Brazilian Portuguese and evaluate its measurement properties for an online application. Methods After the process of translation and backtranslation, the FiRST was applied online in 483 adults with chronic pain (FM group n = 395; Chronic pain group n = 88), along with the Numerical Rating Scale for pain and fatigue, the Brief Pain Inventory, and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Revised. A Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve was computed and the area under the curve (AUC) was used to determine the sensibility, specificity, and cutoff score for the FiRST. The Mann-Whitney test was used for quantitative variables and the Chi-square and the Fisher's exact test, for the categorical variables with level of significance of 5%. Fleiss' Kappa, Gwet's AC1 and percentage of agreement were also calculated between test and retest. Results For all the questionnaires, the FM group presented higher scores, which mean a worst condition. The FiRST presented a sensitivity of 92.3%, and a specificity of 61.6% with 5 as the cut-off score. AUC, Fleiss' Kappa, Gwet's AC1 and percentage of agreement were, respectively, 0.82, 0.38, 0.63 and 71.8%. Conclusion The FiRST was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and the online version presented a good content validity and adequate measurement errors that allow FM patients to be screened among people with chronic pain.

Comparison between pain intensity, functionality, central sensitization, and self-efficacy in individuals with unilateral or bilateral knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare pain intensity, stiffness, functionality, central sensitization, and self-efficacy, between individuals with bilateral knee osteoarthritis and unilateral knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: We included sedentary participants with knee osteoarthritis. The diagnosis was defined by a specialist, in which there was a complaint of pain and/or altered function in the lower limbs (duration ≥3 months); morning stiffness; pain intensity ≥3; Kellgren-Lawrence 2-3° associated with X-ray; persistence of symptoms >3 months. We used the following tools: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, Numerical Pain Scale, Central Sensitization Inventory, and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the t-test. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 118 adult individuals, divided into two groups: bilateral knee osteoarthritis (n=59) and unilateral knee osteoarthritis (n=59). We observed a significant difference (p<0.05) and a large effect size (d≥0.8), in the comparisons between: stature, body mass index, physical function, central sensitization, and self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: Individuals with bilateral knee osteoarthritis have higher levels of central sensitization, impaired functionality, and a lower level of self-efficacy.

Adaptação transcultural para o português brasileiro e propriedades de medida de questionários de função sexual para mulheres: revisão sistemática / Adaptación transcultural al portugués brasileño y propiedades de medición de los cuestionarios de función sexual femenina: una revisión sistemática / Cross-cultural adaptation for Brazilian Portuguese and measurement properties of sexual function questionnaires for women: a systematic review

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é elencar os questionários utilizados para avaliar a função sexual feminina, bem como analisar o processo de adaptação transcultural para o português brasileiro e as propriedades de medida testadas. Para tanto, foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase, CINAHL e LILACS, usando palavras em inglês, português e espanhol. A partir dessas buscas, foram extraídos dados sobre a tradução, a adaptação transcultural e as propriedades de medida de cada questionário elegível de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. As propriedades de medida relatadas nas publicações foram analisadas por dois avaliadores usando o checklist do COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). Um total de 46.987 estudos foi encontrado, dos quais 131 artigos foram analisados integralmente, e apenas 12 foram incluídos na amostra. Foram encontrados sete instrumentos de avaliação da função sexual feminina, e apenas três tiveram suas propriedades psicométricas avaliadas como boas, sendo o Female Sexual Function Index o instrumento mais validado para diferentes populações clínicas. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de aprimoramento das versões validadas de instrumentos de detecção de disfunção sexual para a população feminina durante todo o seu ciclo de vida.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio es enumerar los cuestionarios utilizados en la evaluación de la función sexual femenina, así como analizar el proceso de adaptación transcultural al portugués brasileño y las propiedades de medición probadas. Para ello, se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, Embase, CINAHL y LILACS, utilizando términos en inglés, portugués y español. Estas búsquedas resultaron en datos sobre traducción, adaptación transcultural y propiedades de medición de cada cuestionario elegible bajo los criterios de inclusión. Las propiedades de medición informadas en las publicaciones fueron analizadas por dos evaluadores utilizando la lista de verificación de COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). Del total de 46.987 estudios encontrados, se analizó 131 artículos de manera completa y se incluyó solo 12 en la muestra. Se encontraron siete instrumentos de evaluación de la función sexual femenina, pero solo tres tuvieron sus propiedades psicométricas consideradas como adecuadas; y el Índice de Función Sexual Femenina es el instrumento más validado para diferentes poblaciones clínicas. Se concluye que es necesario mejorar las versiones validadas de instrumentos para evaluar la disfunción sexual femenina a lo largo de todo su ciclo de vida.

ABSTRACT This article aims to list questionnaires used to assess female sexual function, as well as to analyze the cross-cultural adaptation process for Brazilian Portuguese and the measurement properties tested. Search strategies were performed in the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and LILACS databases, using words in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Based on the inclusion criteria, data about the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and measurement properties of each eligible questionnaire were extracted. The measurement properties reported were evaluated by two evaluators using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. The search returned a total of 46,987 studies, of which 131 were read in full, and only 12 were included in the review. Of the seven instruments that assess female sexual function found only three had their psychometric properties evaluated as good, with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) being the most validated instrument for different clinical populations. There is a need to improve the validated versions of sexual dysfunction assessment instruments for the female population throughout their life cycle.

Health related quality of life, depression and climacteric symptoms in women from a lowincome community / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, sintomas climatéricos e de depressão em mulheres de uma comunidade de baixa renda / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, síntomas climatéricos y de depresión en mujeres de una comunidad de bajos ingresos

Purpose: To evaluate health-related quality of life, depressive and climacteric symptoms in Southeastern low-income community-dwelling climacteric women from Brazil. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study. Outcome measures were quality of life, depression and climacteric symptoms. Results and conclusion: Participants presented impaired quality of life, and an expressive number of them presented moderate and severe depression and moderate severity climacteric symptoms.

O objetivo é avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, sintomas climatéricos e de depressão em mulheres de uma comunidade de baixa renda do Sudeste do Brasil. Métodos: Um estudo comparativo transversal. Os desfechos foram qualidade de vida, sintomas depressivos e climatéricos. Resultados e conclusão: As participantes apresentaram prejuízos na qualidade de vida e um número expressivo delas apresentou depressão moderada a severa e sintomas climatéricos de intensidade moderada.

El objetivo es evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, los síntomas de depresión y el climaterio en mujeres de una comunidad de bajos ingresos en el sureste de Brasil. Métodos: estudio comparativo transversal. Los resultados fueron calidad de vida, síntomas depresivos y climatéricos. Resultados y conclusión: Los participantes tenían una calidad de vida deteriorada y un número significativo tenía depresión moderada a severa y síntomas climatéricos de intensidad moderada.

Pilates training improves pain and quality of life of women with fibromyalgia syndrome / A prática de Pilates melhora a dor e a qualidade de vida em mulheres com síndrome fibromiálgica

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is still lack of evidence that supports Pilates training in women with fibromyalgia syndrome. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of Pilates on pain, quality of life, depression and anxiety in women with fibromyalgia syndrome. METHODS: Twenty female volunteers diagnosed with fibromyalgia took part on this study. Thirteen women were assigned for the treatment group and seven, for the control group. All 20 patients were evaluated before and immediately after 8 weeks. Along with the anamnesis, volunteers were assessed for the 18 tender points described by the American College of Rheumatology, for number of painful regions, pain intensity with the visual analogue scale, quality of life with the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, for depression with the Beck Depression Inventory and for anxiety with the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The treated group underwent a 1-hour Pilates session twice a week for 8 weeks. The control group remained with prior treatment interventions and therapies unchanged. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement was observed in pain intensity and number of painful regions (p<0.05) in the treated group, whereas no statistical differences were found in other variables (p>0.05) or for the control group (p>0.05). Strong correlations were found mostly between number of active tender points and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (r>0.8, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results support Pilates as a safe physical therapy resource in improving pain for fibromyalgia patients.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Ainda faltam evidências que apoiem o treino de Pilates em mulheres com fibromialgia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do Pilates na dor, qualidade de vida, depressão e ansiedade em mulheres com fibromialgia. MÉTODOS: Vinte mulheres com diagnóstico de fibromialgia foram voluntárias do estudo. Treze foram aleatoriamente alocadas para o grupo tratamento e sete para o grupo controle. Todas as 20 pacientes foram avaliadas antes e imediatamente após o tratamento de 8 semanas. Junto com a anamnese, avaliaram-se os 18 tender points descritos pelo American College of Rheumatology para classificação da fibromialgia. Além disso, avaliou-se o número de regiões dolorosas, a intensidade da dor com a escala analógica visual, a qualidade de vida pelo Questionário de Impacto da Fibromialgia, a depressão pelo Inventário de Depressão de Beck e a ansiedade pelo Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck. O grupo tratamento realizou sessões de 1h de Pilates duas vezes por semana por 8 semanas. O grupo controle continuou com seus tratamentos anteriores ao estudo sem modificações. RESULTADOS: Melhora estatisticamente significativa foi observada na intensidade da dor e no número de regiões dolorosas (p<0,05) no grupo tratado, ao passo que não há diferenças estatísticas para outras variáveis (p>0,05) ou para o grupo controle (p>0,05). Foram encontradas fortes correlações principalmente entre o número de tender points ativos e o Questionário de Impacto da Fibromialgia (r>0,8, p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos apoiam o Pilates como um recurso fisioterapêutico seguro para melhorar a dor em pacientes com fibromialgia.

Efeito do treino isocinético excêntrico sobre a razão I/Q do torque e EMGs em sujeitos saudáveis / Effect of isokinetic eccentric training on H/Q torque ratio and SEMG in healthy subjects / Efecto del entrenamiento isocinético excéntrico sobre el índice I/C de torque y EMGs en sujetos sanos

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do treino isocinético excêntrico dos extensores do joelho sobre a razão Isquiotibiais/Quadríceps (I/Q) do torque e do eletromiograma de superfície (EMGs), em sujeitos saudáveis. MÉTODOS: Vinte homens ativos e saudáveis com idade média 22,5±2,1 anos; massa corporal 67,8±9,5 kg; estatura 1,72±0,10 m; e índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 22,5±2,0 kg/m2 foram avaliados quanto ao torque (isométrico e excêntrico a 30 e 120o/s) e EMGs dos extensores e flexores do joelho, antes e após 6 semanas de treino isocinético excêntrico (30o/s) dos extensores do joelho. RESULTADOS: O torque extensor do joelho aumentou em todos os modos e velocidades avaliados (P<0,01); a razão I/Q do torque declinou em todas as medidas realizadas (P<0,01), porém a razão I/Q do EMGs manteve-se nos valores pré-treino (P>0,05). As correlações torque/EMGs mostraram-se fracas (r<0.3; P>0,05) para todos os modos de contração, no pré- e pós-treino, porém, houve diferença (P>0,01) na comparação entre o modo excêntrico (30º e 120º/s) e isométrico, pré e pós-treino. CONCLUSÕES: O treino isocinético excêntrico dos extensores do joelho aumentou a diferença na razão I/Q do torque, porém, não alterou a razão I/Q do EMGs, sugerindo que a adaptação pelo aumento do torque associado ao treino excêntrico não alterou o recrutamento das unidades motoras avaliadas pelo EMGs. .

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of isokinetic eccentric training of the knee extensors on Hamstring/Quadriceps (H/Q) torque and surface electromyogram (SEMG) ratio in healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty active, healthy men, with an average age of 22.5±2.1 years; body mass of 67.8±9.5 kg; height of 1.72±0.10 m; and body mass index (BMI) of 22.5±2.0 kg/m2, were evaluated for torque (isometric and eccentric 30o/s and 120o/s) and SEMG of the knee extensors and flexors, before and after 6 weeks of isokinetic eccentric training (30o/s) of the knee extensors. RESULTS: Knee extensor torque increased in all modes and speeds evaluated (P<0.01), the H/Q torque ratio declined in all measurements (P<0.01), but the H/Q SEMG ratio remained at pre-training values (P>0.05). The torque/SEMG correlation was weak (r<0.3; P>0.05) for all modes of contraction, pre-and post-training. However, there were significant differences (P>0.01) in the comparison between the eccentric (30o/s and 120o/s) and isometric modes, pre-and post-training. CONCLUSIONS: Isokinetic eccentric training of the knee extensors increased the difference in torque H/Q ratio, but did not alter the SEMG H/Q ratio. This suggests that adaptation by increasing the torque, associated with eccentric training, did not alter the recruitment of motor units assessed by SEMG. .

OBJETIVO: Evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento isocinético excéntrico de los extensores de la rodilla sobre el índice isquiotibiales/cuadriceps (I/C) del torque y de la electromiografía de superficie (EMGs), en sujetos sanos. MÉTODOS: Veinte hombres sanos y activos con edad promedio de 22,5±2,1 años, masa corporal 67,8±9,5 kg, altura 1,72 ± 0,10 m e índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 22,5 ± 2,0 kg/m2 fueron evaluados para el torque (isométrico y excéntrico 30º y 120º/s) y electromiografía de superficie de los extensores y de los flexores de la rodilla antes y después de 6 semanas de entrenamiento isocinético excéntrico (30º/s) de los extensores de la rodilla. RESULTADOS: El torque extensor de la rodilla aumentó en todos los modos y velocidades evaluados (P<0,01); el índice I/C de torque se redujo en todas las mediciones (P<0,01), no obstante, el índice I/C de la EMG se mantuvo en los valores del pre-entrenamiento (P>0,05). Las correlaciones torque/EMG se presentaron débiles (r<0,3, P>0,05) para todos los modos de contracción en las condiciones pre y post-entrenamiento, sin embargo, hubo diferencias significativas (P>0,01) entre los modos excéntrico (30º y 120º/s) e isométrico en el pre y post-entrenamiento. CONCLUSIONES: El entrenamiento isocinético excéntrico de los extensores de la rodilla aumentó la diferencia en la relación torque/IC, sin embargo, no alteró el índice I/C de la EMGs, lo que sugiere que la adaptación al aumentar el torque motor asociado con el entrenamiento excéntrico no afectó a la contratación de unidades motoras evaluadas por EMGs. .