RESUMO
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and its homolog D-dopachrome Tautomerase (DDT) have been implicated as drivers of tumor progression across a variety of cancers. Recent evidence suggests MIF as a therapeutic target in immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) resistant melanomas, however clinical evidence of MIF and particularly of DDT remain limited. This retrospective study analyzed 97 patients treated at Yale for melanoma between 2002-2020. Bulk-RNA sequencing of patient tumor samples from the Skin Cancer SPORE Biorepository was used to evaluate for differential gene expression of MIF, DDT, CD74, and selected inflammatory markers, and gene expression was correlated with patient survival outcomes. Our findings revealed a strong correlation between MIF and DDT levels, with no statistically significant difference across common melanoma mutations and subtypes. Improved survival was associated with lower MIF and DDT levels and higher CD74:MIF and CD74:DDT levels. High CD74:DDT and CD74:MIF levels were also associated with enrichment of infiltrating inflammatory cell markers. These data suggest DDT as a novel target in immune therapy. Dual MIF and DDT blockade may provide synergistic responses in patients with melanoma, irrespective of common mutations, and may overcome ICI resistance. These markers may also provide prognostic value for further biomarker development.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos B , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos , Melanoma , Humanos , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos/metabolismo , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos/genética , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/metabolismo , Melanoma/patologia , Melanoma/mortalidade , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/genética , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos B/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Masculino , Feminino , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso , Adulto , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/mortalidade , Mutação , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
Effective anti-tumor immunity is largely driven by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that can specifically recognize tumor antigens. However, the factors which ultimately dictate successful tumor rejection remain poorly understood. Here we identify a subpopulation of CD8+ T cells which are tumor antigen-specific in patients with melanoma but resemble KIR+CD8+ T cells with a regulatory function (Tregs). These tumor antigen-specific KIR+CD8+ T cells are detectable in both the tumor and the blood, and higher levels of this population are associated with worse overall survival. Our findings therefore suggest that KIR+CD8+ Tregs are tumor antigen-specific but uniquely suppress anti-tumor immunity in patients with melanoma.