The Effect of a Mindful Self-Compassion Intervention on Burden, Express Emotion and Mental Well-Being in Family Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the impact of a mindful self-compassion intervention on burden, express emotion, and mental well-being in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Standardized measures, including the ZARIT Caregiving Burden Scale, Expressed Emotion Scale and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, were administered at baseline, post-intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess differences between the two groups. Significant reductions in caregiver burden, expressed emotion, and enhanced mental well-being in the intervention group compared to the control group at post-intervention. The results of this randomized controlled trial indicate that the mindful self-compassion intervention significantly reduces caregiver burden, expressed emotion, and improves mental well-being in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. These findings underscore the potential utility of mindful self-compassion interventions as effective support for this population, highlighting the importance of integrating such interventions into caregiver support programs.

The effect of a physical activity intervention on burden and healthy lifestyle behavior in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of a physical activity intervention on burden and healthy lifestyle behavior in family caregivers of schizophrenia. METHOD: A randomized, controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of physical activity program on burden and healthy lifestyle behavior in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The "Physical Activity Program" consisted of 5 min of warm-up activities as the initial segment, 20 min of rhythmic exercises as the activity segment, 5 min of cool down exercises as the final segment and 30 min of free walking. The program consisted of 8 sessions. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and the Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale were applied to the physical activity and control groups ahead of the program's implementation. A total of 60 caregivers were randomly distributed to the intervention (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30). Post-intervention measurement was completed by 60 caregivers and all the caregivers completed the intervention. RESULTS: Significant differences were found on the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale score and Healthy Lifestyle Behavior score between the groups. CONCLUSION: Future research should examine with larger sample groups, carry out interventions, and apply the physical activity intervention by targeting caregivers, along with different interventions.

The Relationship Between the Perceived Social Support and Psychological Resilience in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia.

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between perceived social support and psychological resilience levels of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The study was designed as a descriptive relational study and conducted in Community Mental Health Center. Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used for data collection. There were significant, positive and high correlations between RSA and MSPSS. Findings of this study may be referenced in the development of resilience-based nursing caring models in the future.

The relationship between the competence of nurses and their attitudes in medical errors: a cross-sectional survey.

AIM: The aim of this descriptive study is to determine the relationship between competencies and attitudes of nurses in medical errors. BACKGROUND: The level of competence of nurses directly affects the patient's safety, health status, morbidity and mortality rates, and satisfaction with nursing care. Nurses are expected to demonstrate a high level of competence in fulfilling their duties and responsibilities and thus to minimize the incidence of medical errors. METHODS: This study was carried out with nurses (n = 243) working in a university hospital in Turkey between May and July 2019. A personal information form, the Nurse Competence Scale and the Medical Errors Attitude Scale were used in the collection of data. RESULTS: A relationship was found between the competence of nurses and their attitudes in medical errors. It appeared that the work role subscale had the highest mean score (48.76 ± 6.83) according to the Nurse Competence Scale subscales. The mean scores of the diagnostic functions and ensuring quality subscales of the scale were found to be low. While the mean scores of the Medical Errors Attitude Scale of the nurses were close to each other, the highest mean score was found in the subscale of approach to medical errors (3.94 ± 0.35). CONCLUSION: The nurses had a modest level of competence and their attitudes towards medical errors were positive. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: It is necessary that the competence of nurses is increased. Increasing their competence will also increase their awareness on medical error attitudes.

The effect of reminiscence therapy on cognitive functions, depression, and quality of life in Alzheimer patients: Randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer is a disease leading to various neuropsychiatric behavioral disorders, and the most common symptom observed during the prognosis of Alzheimer's disease is dysmnesia. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of reminiscence therapy on cognitive functions, depression, and quality of life in Alzheimer's patients. METHODS: The present study was a randomized controlled single blind study with two groups, which was designed in the experimental pretest-posttest pattern in the city of Konya, Turkey. It was decided to include a total of 60 elderly individuals. Information form that evaluated socio-demographic characteristics and disease history of individuals in intervention and control groups and was developed by the researcher. Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, and the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD) Scale were used to collect the data. Reminiscence therapy was applied once a week and lasted for 8 weeks. Every session took 60 minutes. Groups consisted of six people. RESULTS: Mini-Mental Test, depression, and quality of life mean scores of the elderly in intervention group before reminiscence therapy program increased after the administration, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the intergroup comparison, a significant difference was found between elderly individuals' posttest Mini-Mental Test, depression, and quality of life mean scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that regular reminiscence therapy should be considered for inclusion as routine care for the improvement of cognitive functions, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in elderly people with Alzheimer.

Relationship Between Caregiving Burden and Anger Level in Primary Caregivers of Individuals With Chronic Mental Illness.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was answer to the question: to what extent are the anger of the caregivers of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and their perceived level of burden are related? METHOD: The study is a descriptive and correlational study. The information form prepared by the researchers which questions the socio-demographic information of the individuals along with the "Caregiving Burden Inventory" which examines the burden of the caregiver as well as "Trait Anger and Anger Expression Style Scale (TAAES)" which determines the anger levels of the caregivers were used. RESULTS: The caregiving burdens of the caregivers according to the score averages were determined as 11.88±9.78 for time and dependency burden, 11.93±8.46 for developmental burden, 8.47±6.63 for physical burden, 5.61±5.26 for social burden, 6.29±5.25 for emotional burden and the total burden score was determined as 44.19±26.75. According to the trait anger and anger expression style scale score averages; trait anger was determined as 15.12±5.95, anger expression as 9.70±3.43, anger-in as 15.22±4.02, anger control as 28.05±5.57 and anger total score average as 68.11±9.97. CONCLUSION: According to the results obtained from this study, caregivers of schizophrenia patients experience developmental, physical, social and emotional burdens in addition to trait anger. The caregivers of schizophrenia patients need knowledge and support in order to control the burden and the anger they experience during the caregiving process.

Emotions, Ideas and Experiences of Caregivers of Patients With Schizophrenia About "Family to Family Support Program".

"Family to Family Support Program" is a significant intervention program to assist families by informing them about treatment procedures and coping strategies, increasing their functionality, helping them to overcome the challenges of the disease. This study was particularly designed to investigate the emotions, thoughts, and experiences of caregivers of schizophrenia patients who participated in "Family to Family Support Program." The study was conducted with one of the qualitative research methods, phenomenological method. The study sample included caregivers who care for schizophrenia patients and participated in the "Family to Family Support Program". Twenty caregivers were included in the sample. The study was carried out in Izmir Schizophrenia Support Association. The study data were collected with four open ended questions. The average age of the participants was 56,77 ± 72,89, 10 male caregivers and 10 female caregivers, 9 caregivers were fathers, 6 caregivers were mothers, and 5 of them were siblings. The thematic analysis indicated that the emotions, thoughts and experiences of caregivers can be categorized in four groups: "I learned to deal with my problems", "I am conscious in my interaction with the patient and I know and I am not alone", "I feel much better", and "Schizophrenia is not the end of the road, knowledge sorts things out." Caregivers who participated in "Family to Family Support Program" expressed their satisfaction that they were benefited from the program, their coping skills were improved, they experienced less challenges when providing care, they understood the disease better, and it felt comfortable.

Effects of a family-to-family support program on the mental health and coping strategies of caregivers of adults with mental illness: a randomized controlled study.

This randomized, controlled intervention study was carried out to investigate the effects of a Family-to-Family Support (FFS) program on the coping strategies and mental health status of caregivers of schizophrenia patients. Data were collected via a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Ways of Coping with Stress Scale (WCSS). During the first phase of the study, the FFS program was developed, followed by a second phase in which the participants of the study were identified and trained. In the third phase, trained caregivers trained other caregivers. The study sample consisted of 46 caregivers. We determined statistically significant differences in the mean GHQ scores of the FFS group over four measurements. In the WCSS subscales, the self-confident approach, optimistic approach and seeking social support approach scores of caregivers participating in the FFS program were high, while their helpless approach score was low. The FFS program had a positive impact on the coping strategies and mental health status of caregivers of schizophrenia patients.

The Effect of a Physical Activity Intervention on Burden and Depressive Symptoms in Depressed Family Caregivers of Patients With Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a 12-week physical activity intervention for caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: Family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia were recruited and randomized into either a physical activity group (n = 31) or a control group (n = 31). The 12-week "Physical Activity Program" consisted of 10 minutes of warm-up activities as the initial segment, 20 minutes of rhythmic exercises as the activity segment, 10 minutes of cool-down exercises as the final segment, and 40 minutes of free walking. The physical activity program was designed to accommodate the ergonomics and physiological structure of the caregiver. The program consisted of 12 sessions. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to the physical activity and control groups before the program's implementation. RESULTS: A total of 62 caregivers were randomized to the intervention (n = 31) or control group (n = 31). Postintervention measurement was completed by 61 caregivers, and all the caregivers completed the intervention. Mean scores of Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale score and Beck Depression Inventory score in the physical activity group of caregivers at postintervention, significantly reduced at <.05 level than their mean baseline scores. CONCLUSIONS: Engagement in a 12-week physical activity intervention can improve the perceived burden of caregiving and symptoms of depression. Future research should examine with larger sample groups, carry out interventions, and apply the physical activity intervention by targeting caregivers, along with different interventions.

Using Twitter to Assess Stigma to Schizophrenia and Psychosis: A Qualitative Study. / Sizofreni ve Psikoza Yönelik Damgalamayi Degerlendirmede Twitter Kullanimi: Nitel Çalisma.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate stigmatizing attitudes towards schizophrenia among Turkish Twitter users. METHODS: In the study designed with the qualitative research method, the tweets containing the keywords "schizophrenia", "schizophrenic", "psychotic" and "psychosis" in Turkish on Twitter were collected using the Knime program. The main themes and sub-themes were created by content analysis. RESULTS: The studies revealed three major themes: "insult", "negative point of view", and "anti-stigma". While the sub-themes of "swearing" and "mocking" were determined under the main theme of "insult", the sub-theme of "false beliefs" was determined under the theme of "negative point of view", and the sub-themes of "medically appropriate" and "defensive" were determined under the main theme of "antistigma". In the results, it was determined that the word schizophrenia was commonly used to humiliate others and used as a way of addressing with slang words or to mock and that there were stigmatizing statements revealing negative feelings and thoughts in such a way that they would be inconsistent with medical information. CONCLUSION: The results of this study can be used to develop programs to combat stigma against schizophrenia disorder and to determine content.

Relationship between perceived social support and self stigma in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: The study was conducted to determine the relationship between self-stigmatization and perceived social support in caregivers of schizophrenia with patient. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used. The study sample consisted of 84 participants who cared for schizophrenic patients registered in a community mental health center. In the data collection, the 'Self-stigmatizing Scale for Families' and 'Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale' were used. The data were analyzed via frequency, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach's alpha analysis, linear regression, Pearson correlation analysis, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA test. RESULTS: Self-stigmatization (32.48 ± 15.15) and perceived social support (44.36 ± 22.88) were found to be moderate in caregivers. Self-stigmatization was found to be higher in caregivers who do not work; have a spouse, mother, or father; have a disease; do not receive support from their family and have not received any education about schizophrenia (p < .05). It was determined that, with increasing age, perceived social support decreases, and the perception of social support increases in caregivers who are high school graduates, working, having children, have no illness, and are educated about schizophrenia (p < .05). It was determined that, as the level of perceived social support increases in caregivers, self-stigmatization decreases (p < .05). CONCLUSION: It was determined that, as the perceived social support increases in caregivers, self-stigmatization decreases. We recommend providing informative support about schizophrenia, to increase hope and social-skill training, and to implement interventions that include caregivers in the fight against stigma.

Ethical problems experienced by family caregivers of patient with schizophrenia: A hermeneutic phenomenological study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide information on the ethical problems faced by family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: This study was conducted using a hermeneutical approach to phenomenology. Data were obtained by means of an individual interview process using a semi-structured interview guide. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed the following themes and sub-themes: higgledy-piggledy, walking on a thorny path, decision-making, subtheme, back of the mirror, victim, and dark well. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Expressed concerns have shown that caregivers not only face difficult challenges in the management of complicated and complicated illnesses, but also face ethical issues inherent in the role of caregivers and must take ethical decisions.

Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Modified Engulfment Scale: Relation of Self-Concept.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Modified Engulfment Scale (MES) measure the impact of a schizophrenic illness on an individual's self-concept. The objective of this study was to determine psychometric properties of the Turkish form of MES (MES-T). METHODS: This cross-sectional study were included 162 schizophrenia patients with a convenience sampling method. RESULTS: Based on the results of factor analysis, five items were removed from the original version of the scale. It was determined that the MES-T consists of 25 items, and it has three factors: change in self-concept, belief in treatment, and future expectation. As a result of Pearson product-moment, low and moderate correlation coefficients were obtained between subscales, and moderate and high correlation coefficients were achieved between the subscales and total score of the scale. CONCLUSIONS: The scale was found to be applicable for schizophrenia patients in Turkish population.

Internalized stigmatization and subjective recovery in individuals with chronic mental illness.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with mental illness, as they are stigmatized by society, are also stigmatized themselves, and this process is internalized. This may adversely affect the recovery process. AIMS: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between internalized stigmatization and subjective recovery in patients with schizophrenic. METHOD: This research was performed for patients with schizophrenia at rehabilitation centers registered with the community mental health center. The survey was performed out with 94 patients in the recovery phase who met the inclusion criteria and who going to the center. Sociodemographic information form, internalized stigmatization scale and subjective recovery assessment scale were used in the collection of data. RESULTS: In the study it was found that there is a relationship between internalized stigmatization and subjective recovery. Increased levels of internalized stigma patient outcome would decrease the level of recovery. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that nurses perform intervention programs to reduce internalized stigmatization in patients with schizophrenia.

Feelings, thoughts and experiences of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Caregivers have different experiences in the patient care process during which the role of providing care is fulfilled. AIM: The aim of this study was to provide data on the feelings, thoughts and experiences of the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: In this study, the phenomenological method was used. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed the following themes: meaning of schizophrenia, the meaning of being caregiver, life before being caregiver, feeling of patients' relatives, difficult areas while providing care, coping situations and metaphors produced by the caregivers. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from the study revealed that the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia need information about the mental illness and have a higher emotional burden. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Nurses should listen to caregivers' experiences, inquire about the experience of caregivers regarding patient care and advise caregivers on how to take care of their patients.

Relationship between communication skills and care behaviors of nurses.

PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between communication competence and patient care behaviors of nurses. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was designed as a descriptive relational study and conducted in Akdeniz University Hospital between March 2018 and May 2018. Data of this study were collected from clinical nurses working in Akdeniz University Hospital. The study was carried out with 262 nurses who accepted to agreed participate in the study. FINDINGS: Of all nurses, 97% were college graduates, 63% were married, and 35% had working experience between 5 and 9 years. There was a moderate positive correlation between communicative competence and care behaviors of nurses (r = 0.5, P < 0.01). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: More training can be implemented to educate nurses about communication barriers to equip them with effective communication skills and strategies. The nursing process is a scientific method of exercising and implementing of nursing care, this is only achieved through dialogue, interpersonal environment, and specific verbal and nonverbal communication skills. In service training of nurses on effective communicative techniques will inevitably have a positive impact rather than reflection on patient care.

Effects of Physical Activity Program on cognitive function and sleep quality in elderly with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a 20-week Physical Activity Program for elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on their cognitive functions and sleep quality. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial research design was used in this experimental pretest-posttest study. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: This study showed that the Physical Activity Program improved the cognitive functions and sleep quality of elderly individuals (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The findings of this study showed that the cognitive functions and sleep quality of elderly individuals improved thanks to a 20-week Physical Activity Program. It is recommended that physical activities should be included in nursing interventions for elderly people with MCI.