Clinical and pathological patterns of non-epithelial malignant ovarian tumours in Western Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To report a single-center experience in non-epithelial malignant ovarian tumours (NEMOT), by presenting different clinical and pathological characteristics, management and outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed electronic files of all female patients who underwent surgery for NEMOT at the Gynecology Department of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from July 2003 to July 2019. We collected baseline demographic, anthropomorphic and clinical data; pathological characteristics; management and follow-up data; and outcomes including residual disease, recurrence and last follow-up status (deceased or alive). Results: Thirty-three women were included; mean (standard deviation) age = 33.24 (17.72) years, range = 4, 86 years. Granulosa cell tumor was the most frequent subtype diagnosed in 17 (51.5%) patients, followed by germ cell tumours 13 (39.4%). The majority of patients were diagnosed at FIGO Stage I (22, 66.7%) and with tumor Grade 1 (23, 69.7%), while 8 (24.2%) were diagnosed with Grade 3 tumors. Granulosa cell and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours were diagnosed at an older age (mean age = 39.30 vs. 23.92 years) compared to germ cell tumours, respectively (P = 0.012). Two-third of the patients benefited from conservative surgery including oophorectomy + staging, and 16 (48.5%) benefited from chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide and platinum being the most common protocol (13, 39.4%) for germ cell tumours. Postoperatively, only 2 (6.1%) patients had residual disease. Recurrence and mortality were reported in one and four patients, respectively, resulting in recurrence rate = 3.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01%, 15.8%) and mortality rate = 12.1% (95% CI = 3.4%, 28.2%). Conclusions: The present series of NEMOT was predominated by sex cord-stromal cell tumors, which were diagnosed in patients with older age, while germ cell tumours were underrepresented. Although survival rates were comparable to those reported internationally, more consideration should be given to following up patients regarding fertility outcomes to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of treatment success and quality of care.

Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes among women with incarcerated uteri: A population-based study of a large US database.

OBJECTIVE: Incarcerated uterus occurs at a rate of 1:3000 pregnancies. Previous studies focused on risk factors and management options, providing limited information about pregnancy outcomes. This study evaluates the effect of incarcerated uterus on pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective study using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2004 to 2014. Incarcerated uterus was identified using ICD-9 code 654.3X. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes among women with and without incarcerated uterus while adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Incarcerated uteri were identified in 370 pregnancies, and 9,096,418 pregnancies were control cases. Compared to controls, women with incarcerated uterus were more likely to be Caucasian, have smoked during pregnancy, have had a previous caesarean section, have thyroid disease, endometriosis, leiomyomas, pelvic inflammatory disease and adhesions, and ovarian cyst (P-value < 0.05 all). Women with incarcerated uterus were more likely to have placenta previa (aOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.4), deliver by caesarean section (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8-3.1), have postpartum hemorrhage (aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.8-4.4), and require blood transfusion (aOR 5.2, 95% CI 3.1-8.8). Hydronephrosis occurred more often in women with incarcerated uterus (0.8% versus 0.1%). Moreover, they were more likely to have infants with congenital anomalies (aOR 4.0, 95% CI 1.5-10.6). Rates of preeclampsia, preterm birth, and small for gestational age were similar between the two groups (P-value > 0.05, all). CONCLUSION: Women with incarcerated uterus were more likely to encounter adverse delivery and neonatal outcomes compared to the general population. These findings may help guide prenatal counseling and prenatal surveillance.

The Diagnosis of Cervical Dysplasia in a University Hospital Using Pap Smear and Colposcopy in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Correlational Study.

Objectives To assess the diagnostic performance of Pap smear screening with or without human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and colposcopy in detecting preinvasive lesions of the cervix among women with reference to histopathological findings. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective study in a tertiary care center of the clinical and pathological records of women with evocative symptomatology. The diagnostic performance of Pap smear screening and colposcopy was analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of Pap smear screening and colposcopy in detecting preinvasive lesions of the cervix were calculated in 388 patients. Results The mean age was 45.12 years, and the most frequent gynecological symptoms included abnormal bleeding (17.2%) and postcoital bleeding (10.9%). Histopathology showed abnormal results in 26.5% of the 388 patients, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1; 20.4%), CIN 2 (2.8%), CIN 3 (1.3%), and SCC (1.3%). Both Pap smear screening and colposcopy were highly sensitive in detecting CIN 1+ (94.2%vs.93.2%, respectively) and CIN 2+ (100.0% vs.95.8%, respectively) intraepithelial lesions; however, Pap smears had very low specificity in detecting both CIN 1+ (8.1% vs.73.7%, respectively) and CIN 2+ (8.0% vs. 59.3%, respectively) compared with colposcopy. When combined with HPV status, the specificity of Pap smear increased considerably. Conclusion It has become a high priority to improve the efficiency of cervical cancer (CC) screening programs by optimizing the practice of Pap smear screening, increasing the test specificity, and implementing systematic cytology-HPV co-testing.