[Clinical efficacy of two-staged Fowler-Stephens laparoscopic orchidopexy in the treatment of children with high cryptorchidism].

Objective: To Evaluate the clinic effect of two-staged laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy in the treatment of high cryptorchidism, and compare it with laparoscopic orchiopexy treatment without disconnecting spermatic vessels. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 cases of children with high cryptorchidism who were treated with two-staged Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy from January 2015 to April 2019 (F-S group). All the children in this group had unilateral cryptorchidism, age 6 to 18 months. The average age was 13.5 months. Seven cases were on the left side, and 13 cases were on the right side. There were 20 control children in the same age group who were treated with testicular fixation without disconnecting spermatic vessels, age 6 to 18 months. The average age was 12.5 months. Six cases were on the left side, and 14 cases were on the right side. Testicular ultrasonography and sex hormone examination were conducted before operation. F-S group met the indications for Fowler-Stephens surgical. In the first stage, the testicular vessels were doubly clipped at a site away from the testis in laparoscopic, and the second stage was scheduled about 6 months after the first stage. The children in the control group were treated with laparoscopic orchiopexy without disconnect spermatic vessels. The two groups were followed up to 6 months after the operation, and the testicular volume and sex hormone indexes of the two groups were measured. The testicular volume and sex hormones before and after the operation of the F-S group and the control group were respectively subjected to a self-control study, and a hormone comparison study was carried out between the two groups of children. Results: Both the F-S group and the control group successfully fixed the testes in the scrotum without tension during the operation. In both groups, 20 cases of testicular positions were reexamined 6 months after the operation without retraction. All the patients had a viable testis in scrotum after operation. Two of F-S group had an atrophic testis in the scrotum, and the others had a good vascularization detected on echo color doppler ultrasound. The average testicular volume of F-S group was (0.34±0.16) ml before operation and the postoperative one was (0.38±0.13) ml, P=0.089, P>0.05. In control group, the preoperative average testicular volume was (0.40±0.14) ml, and postoperative one was (0.40±0.15) ml, P=0.933, P>0.05. The testicular volume of two group had no significant difference. Sex hormone reexamination: Testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and luteinizing hormone (LH) did not change after operation. Prolactin (PRL) in F-S group was 13.44 µg/L before operation and 12.3 µg/L after operation, PRL in control group was from 15.45 µg/L to 10.34 µg/L, P=0.732, the change of prolactin (PRL) has no significant difference. The median preoperative follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the F-S group was 1.18 U/L preoperatively and 1.61 U/L postoperatively; the median FSH of the control group was 1.21 U/L preoperatively and 1.1 U/L postoperatively. Compared between the two groups, the postoperative increase in the FS group was higher than that before the operation, P=0.032, P<0.05, the difference was statistically significant. The median of progesterone (PROG) in the F-S group was 0.25 nmol/L before operation and 0.17 nmol/L after operation; the median PROG of the control group was 0.56 nmol/L before operation and 0.24 nmol/L after operation. It was lower after the operation than before the operation, P=0.034, P<0.05, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: (1) Laparoscopic Fowler-stephens staging operation is an effective method for the treatment of patients with high cryptorchidism, and it is worthy of further promotion. (2) Disruption of spermatic cord vessels does have an impact on hormones changes. The choice of this surgical procedure should be carefully and fully evaluated.

CdS nanoparticles of different lengths induce differential responses in some of the liver functions of mice.

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) are one of important nanoparticle materials which are widely used in photoelectric production, but their potential health hazard to the liver is not clear. This study is aimed at exploring the possible mechanisms of liver injury induced by CdS NPs. Male mice were treated with nanoparticles of 110-130 nm and 80-100 nm cadmium sulfide. The main methods were based on detecting the vigor of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in both blood and liver tissues as well as on observing the pathological changes in liver tissue. CdS NPs suppressed the activity of SOD and GSH, and increased the serum MDA content (p < 0.05); both effects were observed together in liver tissues of 80-100 nm group (p < 0.05) and were accompanied by an obviously inflammatory response. CdS NPs induced oxidative damage and inflammatory response in liver tissue, which may be an underlying mechanism for its pulmonary toxicity. Additionally, the toxicity of CdS NPs was closely related to the size of nanoparticles. Pathological results showed that the hepatotoxicity of shorter CdS NPs is greater than that of longer CdS NPs (Tab. 6, Fig. 3, Ref. 20).

Effects of silencing annexin A5 on proliferation and invasion of human cholangiocarcinoma cell line.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the expression of annexin A5 (ANXA5) in human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell line and its effect on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human CCA cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of ANXA5 was detected by fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting method in 2 human CCA cell lines, QBC939 and RBE. 3 shRNA plasmids for ANXA5 silencing (ANXA5-sh1, ANXA5-sh2, ANXA5-sh3) and 1 negative control plasmid were constructed to infect QBC939 cells. The infection efficiency, expression of ANXA5, apoptosis and cell cycle of QBC939 cell were measured separately. RESULTS: The expression of ANXA5 in QBC939 cell was significantly higher than RBE cell. Expressed ANXA5 protein in the QBC939-KD cell (QBC939 cell treated by RNAi) was significantly lower than QBC939-BC (QBC939 cell) and QBC939-NC cells (QBC939 cell treated by scramble plasmid). The ratio of G0/1 phase cells and apoptosis rate increased in QBC939-KD cell. The proliferation activity and invasion ability decreased in QBC939-KD cell compared with QBC939-NC and QBC939-BC cells. CONCLUSIONS: ANXA5 play important role in the migration and apoptosis of CCA cells. Inhibiting the expression of ANXA5 significantly reduce the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of QBC939 cells, and increase the apoptosis of QBC939 cells.

Starting hemoglobin value predicts early phase prognosis after liver transplantation.

Few studies have addressed the relationship between starting hemoglobin (Hb) value and early phase prognosis after liver transplantation (OLT). The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between the starting Hb value and the early phase prognosis after OLT by retrospectively reviewing the medical records of 102 consecutive recipients. Within this cohort, 47 patients had pulmonary complications after OLT, including eight cases of pulmonary edema, 12 cases of acute lung injury, six cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 21 cases of pneumonia. According to whether the patients had pulmonary complications or not, they were categorized into the "no" versus the pulmonary complication groups. Twenty-two perioperative variables were analyzed in both groups to screen for variables that affected early pulmonary complications. A starting Hb ≤ 100 g/L was an independent risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications. The duration to initial passage of flatus and the intensive care unit length of stay were significantly prolonged in patients with starting Hb values ≤ 100 g/L; these patients had poorer arterial blood gas analyses. The starting Hb value predicted the early phase prognosis after OLT for cirrhosis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.