RESUMO
Ionizing radiation is ubiquitous in the environment and can cause mutagenesis in living organisms. In this study, we examined the effects of neutron irradiation on tomato plants. Neutron irradiation decreased tomato germination rates, but most irradiated tomato plants did not show any significant phenotype. However, tomato mutants infected by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) displayed resistance against TYLCV compared to the wild type (WT), which showed disease symptoms. RNA-Seq data demonstrated that the expression profiles of eight tomato mutants were significantly different from that of the WT. The transcriptomes obtained from presoaked seeds were highly altered compared to those of dry seeds. Increased irradiation time resulted in severe changes in the tomato transcriptome; however, different neutron irradiation intensities affected the expressions of different sets of genes. A high number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in tomato transcriptomes suggest that neutron irradiation strongly impacts plant transcriptomes. The transition/transversion values among mutants were almost constant and were lower than that of the non-irradiated sample (WT), suggesting that neutron irradiation caused an effect. Taken together, this is the first report showing the effects of neutron irradiation on tomato plants by transcriptome analyses.
Assuntos
Begomovirus/patogenicidade , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Nêutrons , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/virologia , Processamento Alternativo/genética , Processamento Alternativo/efeitos da radiação , Cromossomos de Plantas/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/efeitos da radiação , Germinação/efeitos da radiação , Solanum lycopersicum/efeitos da radiação , Mutação/genética , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Doenças das Plantas/virologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Sementes/efeitos da radiação , Transcriptoma/genéticaRESUMO
MICROMEGAS detectors have been developed for the detection and tracking of charged and neutral particles. The control parameters of MICROMEGAS include materials, the type of gases, the mixing ratio of gases and the geometry. Simulations of MICROMEGAS are conducted to optimize the characteristics and performance with respect to the nature of the gas mixture, applied voltages of drift and amplification regions. Quantities such as the equi-potential lines, electron drift lines, and avalanche process of electrons and ions are calculated. Two MICROMEGAS detectors are built and characterized by using standard X-ray sources. The voltage gains are measured against the applied voltage range for different gas pressures and are compared with our simulation results.