Proteomic profiling reveals mitochondrial dysfunction in the cerebellum of transgenic mice overexpressing DYRK1A, a Down syndrome candidate gene.

Introduction: DYRK1A is a dual-specificity kinase that is overexpressed in Down syndrome (DS) and plays a key role in neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation and function, cognitive phenotypes, and aging. Dyrk1A has also been implicated in cerebellar abnormalities observed in association with DS, and normalization of Dyrk1A dosage rescues granular and Purkinje cell densities in a trisomic DS mouse model. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms governing these processes are unknown. Methods: To shed light on the effects of Dyrk1A overexpression in the cerebellum, here we investigated the cerebellar proteome in transgenic Dyrk1A overexpressing mice in basal conditions and after treatment with green tea extract containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a DYRK1A inhibitor. Results and Discussion: Our results showed that Dyrk1A overexpression alters oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function in the cerebellum of transgenic mice. These alterations are significantly rescued upon EGCG-containing green tea extract treatment, suggesting that its effects in DS could depend in part on targeting mitochondria, as shown by the partially restoration by the treatment of the increased mtDNA copy number in TG non-treated mice.

[Pneumococcal septic arthritis in a Spanish university hospital (1993- 2003)]. / Artritis neumocócica bacteriémica en un Hospital Universitario de Madrid (1993-2003).

INTRODUCTION: Cases of pneumococcal septic arthritis treated in the Fundación Jiménez Díaz (Madrid, Spain) were reviewed. METHODS: A retrospective record review was conducted for all patients presenting with pneumococcal septic arthritis between January 1993 and August 2003. RESULTS: Four patients out of a total of 267 reviewed had a clinical and microbiological diagnosis of septic arthritis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The most frequent locations were the knee, ankle and tarsus. Three of the four patients had underlying diseases and one patient died. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumococcal septic arthritis, a very rare clinical entity diagnosed by clinical and microbiological findings, should be suspected in patients with underlying disease. Early antibiotic therapy focussed on the most common microorganisms causing septic arthritis is necessary for optimal outcome.

Sintomatología y factores epidemiológicos asociados al parasitismo por blastocystis hominis / Simtomatology and epidemiological factors associated with blastocystis hominis infection

To contribute to the knowledge of symptoms and factors associated with the infection by Blastocystis hominis of patients attending the outpatient clinic of the Department of Enfermedades Transmisibles y Dermatológicas (DETD) of the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia. A prospective case-control study was carried out from January to March 1999, in patients between the ages of 5 to 80 years. The case-patients had a positive stool examination for B. hominis (in the absence of other pathogens such helminths) done at the laboratory of Tropical Medicine. The controls had at least 2 of 3 negative fecal samples of B. hominis, in absence of other pathogens. The presence of B. hominis was examined under direct microscopy (high-power field x 400) and it was rated from 1 plus to 4 plus according to the quantity of parasites present. Epidemiological data, symptomatology and the factors associated with infection in each patient were registered A total of 144 persons (74 cases and 70 controls) matched by age and sex were included in the study. A significant statistical correlation (p < 0.05) was found between the presence of B. hominis and the presence of symptoms (91.9 percent). The predominant symptoms in order of significance (p < 0.05), associated to the infection by B. hominis were: abdominal pain (OR = 3) 1.47 < OR < 6.60, abdominal distention (OR = 2.36) 1.06 < OR < 5.29, urticaria (OR = 3.19) 0.81 < OR < 12.48. The only risk factor found associated with the infection with B. hominis, was the consumption of raw unboiled water (OR = 2.52) 1.01 < OR < 5.83