Ovum pick-up and in vitro maturation in spotted paca (Cuniculus paca-Linnaeus, 1766).

We tested FSHp, eCG and FSHp + eCG to establish ovum pick-up (OPU) and in vitro maturation method in spotted paca. Eight healthy adult females were subjected to each of four treatments to stimulate ovarian follicular growth. All females were subjected to a hormonal protocol using a single dose of 45 mg of injectable progesterone and single intramuscular injection of 0.075 mg d-cloprostenol on day 6. Ovarian stimulation was carried out as follows: in Group TFE (FSHp and eCG), animals were treated with a single dose of 80 mg of FSHp and 200 IU of eCG intramuscularly on day 6 after the application of progesterone; in Group TF (FSHp), they were treated with a single dose of 80 mg of FSHp intramuscularly on day 6 after application of progesterone; in Group treatment eCG, they were treated with 200 IU of eCG intramuscularly on day 6 after application of progesterone; and in Group TC (saline solution), 1 ml of saline solution was administered to control does. The OPU was performed between 22 and 26 hr after gonadotropin treatments. All recovered oocytes were placed into maturation media and incubated for 24 hr. There were no differences among the mean number of observed follicles, aspirated follicles and oocytes recovered per treatment. Oocyte maturation rates did not differ among groups, except, TF and treatment eCG oocytes had greater maturation rates than TC oocytes. In this study, gonadotropin administration failed to superovulate treated does and increase oocyte retrieval efficiency. Despite the feasibility of the procedure, further studies are needed to develop and refine hormonal protocols for oocyte recovery and in vitro maturation in this species.

Clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological aspects of breast cancer in female dogs at Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Veterinary Hospital.

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological aspects of canine breast tumors at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Veterinary Hospital (VH-UFRRJ) between April 2017 and October 2018. The study included 137 female canine dogs with mammary neoplasia who underwent a mastectomy. The animals were evaluated using a standard form that guided anamnesis and physical examination to assess the tumor's epidemiology, development, evolution, treatment choice, and disease prognosis. Furthermore, laboratory and imaging tests were performed on the animals to search for changes that suggested metastasis. The average age of the female dogs was 10 years, and mixed-breed dogs (33%) were the most affected, followed by poodles (21%). The inguinal (79%) and caudal abdominal (64%) breasts were the most affected. Approximately 26% of the animals were castrated, 32% had already reproduced throughout their lives, 30% had pseudocyesis, and only 8% used contraceptive methods. The majority were classified as stage I (33%) and stage III (39%) according to the Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) Classification System of Malignant Tumors. In 95 female dogs, 191 nodules were histopathologically evaluated, and 62% of these animals had at least one malignant tumor. Statistically, there was a direct association between tumor size and malignancy. However, other associations, such as age at diagnosis and the degree of malignancy, were not confirmed. Therefore, it can be concluded that tumor size is an important prognostic factor, with tumors >3 cm having an approximately 70% chance of being malignant.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e histopatológicos dos tumores de mama caninos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, no período de abril de 2017 a outubro de 2018. Contemplaram o estudo 137 fêmeas caninas com neoplasia mamária submetidas à mastectomia. As cadelas foram avaliadas utilizando-se uma ficha padrão que orientou a anamnese e exame físico com objetivo de avaliar a epidemiologia, o desenvolvimento e evolução do tumor, bem como escolha do tratamento e prognóstico da doença. Adicionalmente foram realizados exames laboratoriais e de imagem nas pacientes, em busca de alterações que sugerissem metástase. A idade média das cadelas foi 10 anos, os animais sem raça definida (33%) foram os mais afetados, seguidos pela raça Poodle (21%). As mamas inguinais (79%) e abdominais caudais (64%) foram as mais acometidas. Cerca de 26% das cadelas eram castradas, 32% das fêmeas já haviam se reproduzido ao longo da vida, 30% tiveram pseudociese, apenas 8% usaram métodos contraceptivos e a maioria foi classificada em estágio I (33%) e estágio III (39%), de acordo com o Sistema de Classificação de Tumores Malignos "Tumor-Node-Metastasis" (TNM - Tumor, Linfonodo, Metástase). O exame histopatológico foi realizado em 191 nódulos de 95 cadelas, 62% destas fêmeas possuíam pelo menos um nódulo maligno. Estatisticamente, houve associação direta entre o tamanho do tumor e sua malignidade. Outras associações como idade do diagnóstico e grau de malignidade não foram confirmadas. Conclui-se, portanto, que o tamanho do tumor é um importante fator prognóstico, uma vez que tumores maiores que 3 cm têm cerca de 70% de chance de serem malignos.

Comparison of preoperative fluid therapy protocols associated with inhalational or total intravenous anesthesia for anesthetic procedures in dogs with sepsis.

This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate different fluid therapy protocols associated with inhalational or total intravenous anesthesia in the cardiorespiratory stability of bitches with sepsis subjected to a surgical procedure to control the infectious focus. Thirty-two bitches diagnosed with pyometra and sepsis and treated at the University Veterinary Hospital between 2018 and 2019 were recruited. After admission, diagnosis, clinical, and laboratory evaluation, patients were randomly distributed into the following groups: propofol 5 (P[5]: preoperative restrictive fluid therapy-5mL/kg/h and intravenous general anesthesia); propofol 10 (P[10]: preoperative liberal fluid therapy-10mL/kg/h and intravenous general anesthesia); and isoflurane 5 (I[5]: preoperative restrictive fluid therapy-5mL/kg/h and inhalational general anesthesia). Lactate on admission (LAC1) and release (LAC2), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), rectal temperature (RT), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and carbon dioxide extraction rate (EtCO2) were analyzed at PRE, T10, T20, T30, T40, T50, TEXT, and TDIS. Clearance of 20% of lactate occurred in 18 dogs, with the P[10] group displaying the best performance. There was no statistical difference in vasopressor requirements among the groups. Liberal fluid therapy showed greater cardiovascular stability than restrictive therapy in the perioperative period. Regarding general anesthesia, isoflurane showed greater cardiorespiratory stability than propofol during anesthetic maintenance. In conclusion, although the three proposed protocols are safe and there is no difference in their superiority, some observed changes may be relevant and considered when it is possible to individualize the therapy for the patient.

Este ensaio clínico randomizado teve a proposição de avaliar diferentes protocolos de fluidoterapia associados a anestesia inalatória ou total intravenosa, na estabilidade hemodinâmica de cadelas com sepse, submetidas a procedimento cirúrgico, para controle do foco infeccioso. Foram incluídas trinta e duas cadelas, com diagnóstico de piometra e sepse, atendidas em hospital veterinário universitário, no período de 2018 a 2019. Após admissão, diagnóstico, avaliação clínica e laboratoriais, os pacientes foram distribuídos de maneira aleatória nos grupos Propofol 5 (P[5]: fluidoterapia restritiva pré-operatória - 5mL/kg/h e anestesia geral intravenosa), Propofol 10 (P[10]: fluidoterapia liberal pré-operatória - 10mL/kg/h e anestesia geral intravenosa) e Isoflurano 5 (I[5]: fluidoterapia restritiva pré-operatória - 5mL/kg/h e anestesia geral inalatória). Foram analisados lactato na admissão (LAC1) e liberação (LAC2), frequências cardíacas (HR) e respiratória (RR), pressão arterial sistólica (SBP), temperatura retal (RT), saturação de oxigênio (SpO2) e taxa de extração de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) nos seguintes momentos: PRE, T10, T20, T30, T40, T50, TEXT e TDIS. A depuração de 20% do lactato ocorreu em 18 cães, tendo o grupo P[10] o melhor desempenho. Não houve diferença estatística no requerimento de vasopressores entre os grupos. A fluidoterapia liberal apresentou maior estabilidade cardiovascular quando comparado com a restritiva no período perioperatório. Com relação a anestesia geral, o isoflurano apresentou maior estabilidade cardiorrespiratória que o propofol na manutenção anestésica. Nós concluímos que apesar de os três protocolos propostos serem seguros e sem diferença em superioridade entre eles, algumas alterações observadas podem ser relevantes e ponderadas quando for possível a individualização da terapêutica no paciente.

The feasibility and effectiveness of thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for lung biopsy in rabbits. A randomized study.

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for biopsy of all lung lobes and to determine the optimal intercostal space (ICS) for biopsy of each lung lobe. METHODS: Ten rabbits were positioned in dorsal recumbency. Total thoracoscopy lung biopsy was made combined transdiaphragmatic approach and right ICS approaches. A camera port was made in the transdiaphragmatic approach and the instrument port was made of ICS 7 and ICS 9. A pre tied loop ligature was placed to performed a caudal lung lobe biopsy and to simulate biopsies of the others lung lobes. RESULTS: Biopsy of the cranial aspect of the right caudal lung lobe was performed at ICS 9. Simulated biopsy of the accessory lung lobe was performed at ICS 9. Simulated lung biopsy of the right cranial and middle lung lobes was performed at ICS 7. The caudal and dorsal aspect of the right caudal lung lobe was not visualized by telescope at transdiaphragmatic approach, and biopsy was not performed. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for lung lobes biopsies was a feasible technique, except for the caudal aspect of the right caudal lung lobe. An ideal intercostal port for biopsy of each right lung lobe was determined.

The feasibility and effectiveness of thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for lung biopsy in rabbits. A randomized study

Abstract Purpose To assess the feasibility of thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for biopsy of all lung lobes and to determine the optimal intercostal space (ICS) for biopsy of each lung lobe. Methods Ten rabbits were positioned in dorsal recumbency. Total thoracoscopy lung biopsy was made combined transdiaphragmatic approach and right ICS approaches. A camera port was made in the transdiaphragmatic approach and the instrument port was made of ICS 7 and ICS 9. A pre tied loop ligature was placed to performed a caudal lung lobe biopsy and to simulate biopsies of the others lung lobes. Results Biopsy of the cranial aspect of the right caudal lung lobe was performed at ICS 9. Simulated biopsy of the accessory lung lobe was performed at ICS 9. Simulated lung biopsy of the right cranial and middle lung lobes was performed at ICS 7. The caudal and dorsal aspect of the right caudal lung lobe was not visualized by telescope at transdiaphragmatic approach, and biopsy was not performed. Conclusions Thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for lung lobes biopsies was a feasible technique, except for the caudal aspect of the right caudal lung lobe. An ideal intercostal port for biopsy of each right lung lobe was determined.

Comparison between single port videolaparoscopy and miniceliotomy with snock hook ovariohysterectomy techniques in bitches / Comparação das técnicas videolaparoscópica com único portal e miniceliotomia com gancho de Snook para ovário-histerectomia em cadelas

ABSTRACT: In order to use and study minimally invasive techniques to reduce side effects of ovarian-hysterectomy (OHE) in bitches, the aim of this study was to compare time, surgical complications, pain and postoperative inflammatory response, caused by single port videolaparoscopic OHE and traditional miniceliotomy with snook hook. Twenty-four healthy bitches were randomly divided in two groups: videolaparoscopy (Video) and miniceliotomy (MiniLap). Surgical time and complications, pain, need for analgesic rescue, C-reactive protein concentration, glycaemia and voluntary food ingestion were evaluated during 24 hours following the procedure and compared statistically. Surgical time (38±7min), surgical complications (17%), postoperative pain intensity, need for analgesic rescue and C-reactive protein concentration were similar between groups (P>0.05). Glycaemia was lower in Video group (P=0.03), animals fed faster and in greater proportion (P=0.02). Thus, it is concluded that both OHE techniques result in similar complications, surgical time and inflammatory response; however, animals on Video group fed more readily and presented lower glycaemia, which point to lower stress levels. These findings validated the indication of this technique.

RESUMO: Com o intuito de utilizar e estudar técnicas minimamente invasivas que permitam reduzir os efeitos adversos da ovário-histerectomia (OVH) em cadelas objetivou-se comparar: o tempo, as complicações cirúrgicas, a dor e a resposta inflamatória pós-operatória, resultantes da OVH laparoscópica por único portal e a miniceliotomia tradicional com gancho de Snook. Vinte e quatro cadelas hígidas foram aleatoriamente divididas em dois grupos e realizadas a OVH por videolaparoscopia (Vídeo) ou miniceliotomia (MiniLap). Avaliaram-se e compararam-se estatisticamente: o tempo e intercorrências cirúrgicas, a dor, necessidade de resgate analgésico, concentração sérica de proteína C reativa, glicemia e o consumo voluntário de alimento durante as 24 horas subsequentes ao procedimento. O tempo operatório (38±7min), as intercorrências cirúrgicas (17%), a intensidade de dor pós-operatória, a necessidade de resgate analgésico e a concentração sérica de proteína C reativa foram similares entre os grupos (P>0,05). A glicemia foi menor nos animais do grupo Vídeo (P=0,03) e estes se alimentaram mais rapidamente e em maior proporção (P=0,02). Assim, conclui-se que as técnicas de OVH por videolaparoscopia, miniceliotomia resultam em complicações, tempos cirúrgicos e respostas inflamatórias similares, no entanto, os animais submetidos à videolaparoscopia se alimentam mais prontamente e apresentam menor índice glicêmico indicando um nível de estresse menor e este resultado considera-se válido para a indicação desta técnica.

Single-port laparoscopic ovariectomy using a pre-tied loop ligature in Santa Ines ewes / Ovariectomia por um portal laparoscópico com aplicação de ligaduras pré-montadas em ovelhas Santa Inês

ABSTRACT:The aim of the study was to develop and assess the feasibility, postoperative pain and inflammatory response of the single-port laparoscopic ovariectomy in ewes, using a simple pre-tied loop ligature technique. Pre-tied Meltzer's knot was employed for prophylactic hemostasis of the ovarian pedicle. Slipknot was inserted within the abdominal cavity through a 14-gauge needle and tied surrounding the ovarian pedicle. Mean surgical time, manipulation, ligature and resection of each ovary and anesthesia time were 63±20, 20±10 and 91±26 minutes, respectively. No bleeding occurred during the surgeries. Ewes showed low scores pain (0.5±0.5) at all time-points. Postsurgical plasma fibrinogen was within the normal range for sheep specie at all time-points. The ewes showed a significant weight gain in comparison to the basal scaling (one day before the surgery). Single-port laparoscopic ovariectomy using a pre-tied loop ligature is feasible in the ovine specie and provided minimal postoperative distress and quick weight gain.

RESUMO:Objetivou-se com este trabalho desenvolver e descrever uma técnica de ovariectomia por videolaparoscopia utilizando um portal laparoscópico e um sistema de ligadura pré-montada, avaliando a sua viabilidade, o desconforto doloroso e o processo inflamatório provocado em ovelhas. O nó de Meltzer pré-montado foi utilizado para hemostasia profilática do pedículo ovariano. O nó corrediço foi inserido na cavidade abdominal através de uma agulha 14G e atado em torno do pedículo ovariano. O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 63±20min, o de manipulação, ligadura e ressecção para cada ovário foi de 20±10min, e o de anestesia 91±26min. Não houve hemorragia durante as cirurgias. As ovelhas apresentaram escores de dor considerados baixos (0,5±0,5). Todos os valores do fibrinogênio plasmático estiveram dentro do padrão de normalidade, não havendo diferença estatística entre os momentos avaliados. Houve aumento significativo nas médias de peso das fêmeas, quando comparados ao momento controle (um dia anterior ao experimento). A ovariectomia por um portal laparoscópico com aplicação de ligaduras pré-montadas é factível para a espécie ovina, provocando mínimo estresse, desconforto doloroso e rápido ganho de peso nos animais.