[The nature of metabolic processes in human dental hard tissues depending on their morphological structure]. / Kharakter obmennykh protsessov v tverdykh tkanyakh zubov cheloveka v zavisimosti ot ikh morfologicheskogo stroeniya.

THE STUDY OBJECTIVE: Was to give a comparative assessment of the movement of enamel and dentin fluid depending on the morphological structure of different sections of human dental hard tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research involved 140 female subjects aged 21-30 years. Sizes, form, surface of enamel-dentin junction, enamel prisms and their crystals in superficial, middle and deep sections, width, tortuosity, facing of dentin tubules of tested teeth were analyzed by scanning electron microscope Jeol JCM-5700 and atomic force microscope NTEGRA Prima. The biochemical study examined the quantitative content of water in the samples of enamel, dentin, enamel-dentin junction by weighing sample weights before and after drying. The data obtained were processed by methods of variation statistics using standard packages Microsoft Excel 2008, Statistica 12.0. RESULTS: The enamel-dentine junction of large-fastened type is characterized by zones of dentin integration into enamel at the distance of more than 10 mm, with regular arrangement of enamel prisms and wide dentine tubules of 3.55 to 4.70 µm in diameter; no water content reduction was found. The small-fastened type has less pronounced spots of dentin interference with enamel from 2 to 10 µm, the dentinal tubules are slightly curved with a diameter of 2.90 to 3.60 µm, the water content in dentin is reduced. In microfastened type, a linear structure with interpenetration zones up to 2 µm, enamel prisms slightly ordered, dentin tubules narrowed and curved in diameter from 1.30 to 1.95 µm, water content in enamel and dentin is reduced. CONCLUSION: At microfastened type of enamel-dentin junction, chaotic arrangement of enamel prisms and narrow dentin tubules water movement is broken and metabolic processes are reduced that determines high probability of exposure of dental hard tissue diseases.

[Status Indicators of Lipid Peroxidation and Endogenous Intoxication in Lung Cancer Patients].

Background: Problems of optimization diagnosis methods and prognosis for lung cancer remain unsolved. Lung cancer occupied the leading positions among cancer diseases. Aims: Establishing change patterns in the parameters of endogenous intoxication and lipid peroxidation in the saliva of patients with lung cancer depending on the histologic type of tumor. Materials and Methods: The case-control study enrolled 516 men, who were divided into 3 groups: main (lung cancer, n=256), comparison group (non-malignant lung diseases, n=60), and control group (relatively healthy, n=200). Questioning and biochemical saliva study were carried out to all participants. Patients of the main group and the comparison group were hospitalized for surgical treatment, after which underwent the histological verification of the diagnosis. We used the spectrophotometric methods of investigation of parameters of lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication. Between-group differences were evaluated by nonparametric tests. Results: Malondialdehyde as a product of lipid peroxidation is a little informative result. For more information it is necessary to determine the individual fractions of middle toxins count distribution ratio 280/254 nm, as well as to take into account the level of conjugated diene, triene conjugates, and Schiff bases. The following changes are observed at the transition from the control group to the comparison group, and then to the main: increased levels of triene conjugates and Schiff bases, as well as malondialdehyde. At the same time we detected the reduction in the level of diene conjugates, which confirms the fact of the increase in the oxidative stress process associated with benign diseases and lung cancer. In addition, there is a decrease in the content of individual fractions of middle toxins, but 280/254 nm partition coefficient growth is observed. Conclusions: The findings support the hypothesis of the association processes of lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication with the development of lung cancer. It confirmed the dependence of these parameters on the histological type of tumor, the presence / absence and the degree of prevalence of remote and regional metastasis.

STATISTICAL FEATURES OF BREAST CANCER INCIDENCE IN THE OMSK REGION.

Statistical patterns of breast cancer were studied in the Omsk Region in order to optimize early diagnosis and improve the effectiveness of treatment. It was found that the proportion of breast cancer patients in stage I in all age groups was 22. 9%, which was identical with that in the majority of regions of Russia (15 26%) and was close to the average population indices (18. 3%). For patients with disease of stage IV it should be marked the most significant differences in the smaller side compared with average indices for Russia for patients of older age group (17. 4% vs. 40. 6%). It was noted that in the age group up to 40 years there were revealed later stages of breast cancer, so necessary adjustments to screening program based on young patients were required. Due to limitations of mammographic examination of young patients the developments of alternative screening programs for this age group are actual.

[Study of arginase activity of mixed saliva in cancer].

The aim of the study was to investigate the activity of arginase of mixed saliva with the subsequent application of the results obtained in clinical laboratory diagnostics. Arginine metabolic parameters were studied in particular arginase activ- ity, concentration of nitric oxide, urea and uric acid. There was found a three-fold increase of arginase activity and a four- fold reduction of nitric oxide in mixed saliva of patients on the background of cancer. There was established inverse rela- tionship between arginase activity and nitric oxide as well as between the concentration of urea and nitrogen oxides. Basic possibility of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant neoplastic disease was showed .using chemometric methods. Imbalance of arginase activity and nitric oxide in the saliva of cancer patients could be an important diagnostic and prog- nostic criterion.