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1.
J Surg Res ; 287: 55-62, 2023 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36868124

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is a composite measure geocoded at the census tract level that has the potential to identify target populations at risk for postoperative surgical morbidity. We applied the SVI to examine demographics and disparities in surgical outcomes in pediatric trauma patients. METHODS: Surgical pediatric trauma patients (≤18-year-old) at our institution from 2010 to 2020 were included. Patients were geocoded to identify their census tract of residence and estimated SVI and were stratified into high (≥70th percentile) and low (<70th percentile) SVI groups. Demographics, clinical data, and outcomes were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Of 355 patients included, 21.4% had high SVI percentiles while 78.6% had low SVI percentiles. Patients with high SVI were more likely to have government insurance (73.7% versus 37.2%, P < 0.001), be of minority race (49.8% versus 19.1%, P < 0.001), present with penetrating injuries (32.9% versus 19.7%, P = 0.007), and develop surgical site infections (3.9% versus 0.4%, P = 0.03) compared to the low SVI group. CONCLUSIONS: The SVI has the potential to examine health care disparities in pediatric trauma patients and identify discrete at-risk target populations for preventative resources allocation and intervention. Future studies are necessary to determine the utility of this tool in additional pediatric cohorts.


Assuntos
Ferida Cirúrgica , Ferimentos Penetrantes , Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Vulnerabilidade Social , Pacientes , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica
2.
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol ; 45(3): 137-142, 2023 04 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36031190

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion is a lifesaving intervention that also has proinflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Adults with a malignancy who receive PRBC transfusion have increased rates of infection, tumor recurrence, and decreased survival. The effect of PRBC transfusion among children with solid tumors is unknown. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all children who underwent operative resection of a solid tumor malignancy. Data collected included demographic information, location of operation, nadir hemoglobin, and any PRBC transfusion within 30 days of tumor resection. RESULTS: Three hundred sixty children underwent tumor resection at our institution between 2002 and 2013; 194 (54%) received a perioperative blood transfusion. After adjusting for stage at diagnosis, tumor location, preoperative chemotherapy and nadir hemoglobin, blood transfusion was associated with a higher rate of postoperative infectious complications, shorter disease-free interval, and a higher rate of tumor recurrence. Each additional transfused unit increased the risk of postoperative infection (odds ratio 3.83; 95% confidence interval 1.21, 14.22, P =0.031). CONCLUSIONS: Among children with solid tumor malignancies, PRBC transfusion within 30 days of operation is associated with higher rates of postoperative infection. If transfusion becomes necessary, single unit increments should be transfused. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.


Assuntos
Transfusão de Sangue , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/etiologia , Transfusão de Eritrócitos/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hemoglobinas
3.
Pediatr Emerg Care ; 39(7): 501-506, 2023 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37276058

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Two novel pediatric trauma scoring tools, SIPAB+ (defined as elevated SIPA with Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8) and rSIG (reverse Shock Index multiplied by Glasgow Coma Scale and defined as abnormal using cutoffs for early outcomes), which combine neurological status with Pediatric Age-Adjusted Shock Index (SIPA), have been shown to predict early trauma outcomes better than SIPA alone. We sought to determine if one more accurately identifies children in need of trauma team activation. METHODS: Patients 1 to 18 years old from the 2014-2018 Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program database were included. Sensitivity and specificity for SIPAB+ and rSIG were calculated for components of pediatric trauma team activation, based on criteria standard definitions. RESULTS: There were 11,426 patients (1.9%) classified as SIPAB+ and 235,672 (39.0%) as having an abnormal rSIG. SIPAB+ was consistently more specific, with specificities exceeding 98%, but its sensitivity was poor (<30%) for all outcomes. In comparison, rSIG was a more sensitive tool, with sensitivities exceeding 60%, and specificity values exceeded 60% for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Trauma systems must determine their priorities to decide how best to incorporate SIPAB+ and rSIG into practice, although rSIG may be preferred as it balances both sensitivity and specificity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.


Assuntos
Estudos Retrospectivos , Humanos , Criança , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Pressão Sanguínea , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento
4.
J Surg Res ; 279: 17-24, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35716446

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Elevated shock index pediatric age-adjusted (SIPA) has been shown to be associated with the need for both blood transfusion and intervention in pediatric patients with blunt liver and spleen injuries (BLSI). SIPA has traditionally been used as a binary value, which can be classified as elevated or normal, and this study aimed to assess if discreet values above SIPA cutoffs are associated with an increased probability of blood transfusion and failure of nonoperative management (NOM) in bluntly injured children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children aged 1-18 y with any BLSI admitted to a Level-1 pediatric trauma center between 2009 and 2020 were analyzed. Blood transfusion was defined as any transfusion within 24 h of arrival, and failure of NOM was defined as any abdominal operation or angioembolization procedure for hemorrhage control. The probabilities of receiving a blood transfusion or failure of NOM were calculated at different increments of 0.1. RESULTS: There were 493 patients included in the analysis. The odds of requiring blood transfusion increased by 1.67 (95% CI 1.49, 1.90) for each 0.1 unit increase of SIPA (P < 0.001). A similar trend was seen initially for the probability of failure of nonoperative management, but beyond a threshold, increasing values were not associated with failure of NOM. On subanalysis excluding patients with a head injury, increased 0.1 increments were associated with increased odds for both interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Discreet values above age-related SIPA cutoffs are correlated with higher probabilities of blood transfusion in pediatric patients with BLSI and failure of NOM in those without head injury. The use of discreet values may provide clinicians with more granular information about which patients require increased resources upon presentation.


Assuntos
Traumatismos Abdominais , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais , Choque , Ferimentos não Penetrantes , Traumatismos Abdominais/complicações , Criança , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/complicações , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/diagnóstico , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/terapia
5.
Emerg Radiol ; 29(2): 227-234, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34988751

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The use of lung ultrasound for diagnosis of COVID-19 has emerged during the pandemic as a beneficial diagnostic modality due to its rapid availability, bedside use, and lack of radiation. This study aimed to determine if routine ultrasound (US) imaging of the lungs of trauma patients with COVID-19 infections who undergo extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (EFAST) correlates with computed tomography (CT) imaging and X-ray findings, as previously reported in other populations. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational feasibility study performed at two level 1 trauma centers. US, CT, and X-ray imaging were retrospectively reviewed by a surgical trainee and a board-certified radiologist to determine any correlation of imaging findings in patients with active COVID-19 infection. RESULTS: There were 53 patients with lung US images from EFAST available for evaluation and COVID-19 testing. The overall COVID-19 positivity rate was 7.5%. COVID-19 infection was accurately identified by one patient on US by the trainee, but there was a 15.1% false-positive rate for infection based on the radiologist examination. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the lung during EFAST cannot be used in the trauma setting to identify patients with active COVID-19 infection or to stratify patients as high or low risk of infection. This is likely due to differences in lung imaging technique and the presence of concomitant thoracic injury.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Avaliação Sonográfica Focada no Trauma , Pneumopatias , Pulmão , Ferimentos e Lesões , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagem , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Reações Falso-Positivas , Estudos de Viabilidade , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Pandemias , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Centros de Traumatologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicações , Ferimentos e Lesões/diagnóstico por imagem
6.
Pediatr Surg Int ; 37(7): 851-857, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33783635

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The role of non-invasive measures of physiologic reserve, specifically the Compensatory reserve index (CRI) and the Shock index pediatric age-adjusted (SIPA), is unknown in the management of children with acute appendicitis. CRI is a first-in-class algorithm that uses pulse oximetry waveforms to continuously monitor central volume status loss. SIPA is a well-validated, but a discontinuous measure of shock that has been calibrated for children. METHODS: Children with suspected acute appendicitis (2-17 years old) were prospectively enrolled at a single center from 2014 to 2015 and monitored with a CipherOx CRI™ M1 pulse oximeter. CRI values range from 1 (normovolemia) to 0 (life-threatening hypovolemia). SIPA is calculated by dividing heart rate by systolic blood pressure and categorized as normal or abnormal, based on age-specific cutoffs. Univariate and multivariable regression models were developed with simple versus perforated appendicitis as the outcome. RESULTS: Almost half the patients (45/94, 48%) had perforated appendicitis. On univariate analysis, the median admission CRI value was significantly higher (0.60 versus 0.33, p < 0.001) and the ED SIPA values were significantly lower (0.90 versus 1.10, p = 0.002) in children with simple versus perforated appendicitis. In a multivariable model, only CRI significantly detected differences in the physiologic state between patients with simple and perforated appendicitis. CONCLUSIONS: CRI is a non-invasive measure of physiologic reserve that may be used to accurately guide early management of children with acute simple versus perforated appendicitis.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Apendicite/complicações , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Hipovolemia/fisiopatologia , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Apendicectomia , Apendicite/fisiopatologia , Apendicite/cirurgia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Hipovolemia/etiologia , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
Pediatr Surg Int ; 37(11): 1613-1620, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34533617

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in pediatric trauma patients. In adults, goal-directed thrombelastography (TEG) has been shown to reduce mortality when used to guide massive transfusion (MT) resuscitation. There remains a paucity of data on the utility of TEG in directing resuscitation of pediatric trauma patients. We hypothesize that abnormalities on admission TEG will differ in pediatric trauma patients who undergo MT, compared to those who do not. METHODS: Pediatric patients (≤ 18 years) who were highest level trauma activations at two trauma centers from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. We included patients who had admission TEGs and excluded those who did not. Patients were stratified into two groups: those who received MT (> 40 cc/kg total blood product within 6 h of admission) and those who did not. We defined TEG abnormalities based on each institution's normative values and compared TEG abnormalities between the groups. RESULTS: Of 117 children included, 39 had MT. MT patients had higher injury severity scores (30 vs. 23, p = 0.0004), lactates levels (7.0 vs. 3.5, p < 0.001), base deficit levels ( - 12.2 vs. - 5.8, p < 0.001), and INR values (1.8 vs. 1.3, p < 0.001). MT patients had significantly shortened alpha-angles (35.9% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.023), maximum amplitude (MA) values (43.6% vs. 10.3%, p < 0.001), and significantly lower platelet counts (165 vs. 281, p < 0.001) compared to those who did not receive MT. There was no difference in the trends in R-time, LY30 (lysis or shutdown), or fibrinogen concentration between the groups. Logistic regression identified a decreased MA as a significant predictor for MT [OR 3.68 (CI 1.29-10.52)] CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric trauma patients who undergo MT are more likely to have lower alpha-angles and MA values, as well as lower platelet counts. These findings support the use of TEG to identify hemorrhaging pediatric trauma patients, who may benefit from cryoprecipitate and/or platelet transfusions. TEG provides real-time information on coagulation status, which may expedite the delivery of specific blood products during trauma resuscitation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: LEVEL III: Type of study: Retrospective comparative study.


Assuntos
Tromboelastografia , Ferimentos e Lesões , Adulto , Transfusão de Sangue , Criança , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Traumatologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapia
8.
Pediatr Surg Int ; 34(8): 857-860, 2018 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29876644

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The utility of EDT in the adult trauma population, using well-defined guidelines, is well established, especially for penetrating injuries. Since the introduction of these guidelines, reports on the use of EDT for pediatric trauma have been published, and these series reveal a dismal, almost universally fatal, outcome for EDT following blunt trauma in the child. This report reviews the clinical outcomes of EDT in the pediatric population. MATERIALS/METHODS: We performed a review of EDT in the pediatric population using the published data from 1980 to 2017. Variables extracted included mechanism of injury and mortality. To minimize bias, single case reports were not included in the review. RESULTS: Upon review of four decades of published literature on the use of emergency department thoracotomy (EDT) in the pediatric population, mortality rates are comparable between adults and pediatric patients for penetrating thoracic trauma. In contrast, in pediatric patients sustaining blunt trauma, no patient under the age of 15 has survived. CONCLUSION: In patients between 0 and 14 years of age presenting with no signs of life following blunt trauma, withholding EDT should be considered. Patients between the ages of 15 and 18 should be treated in accordance with adult ATLS principles for the management of thoracic trauma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Traumatismos Torácicos/mortalidade , Toracotomia , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/mortalidade , Ferimentos Penetrantes/mortalidade , Parada Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Ressuscitação/métodos , Traumatismos Torácicos/terapia , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/terapia , Ferimentos Penetrantes/terapia
9.
Ann Surg ; 263(6): 1051-9, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26720428

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) have become standard of care in the management of bleeding injured patients, yet strategies to guide them vary widely. We conducted a pragmatic, randomized clinical trial (RCT) to test the hypothesis that an MTP goal directed by the viscoelastic assay thrombelastography (TEG) improves survival compared with an MTP guided by conventional coagulation assays (CCA). METHODS: This RCT enrolled injured patients from an academic level-1 trauma center meeting criteria for MTP activation. Upon MTP activation, patients were randomized to be managed either by an MTP goal directed by TEG or by CCA (ie, international normalized ratio, fibrinogen, platelet count). Primary outcome was 28-day survival. RESULTS: One hundred eleven patients were included in an intent-to-treat analysis (TEG = 56, CCA = 55). Survival in the TEG group was significantly higher than the CCA group (log-rank P = 0.032, Wilcoxon P = 0.027); 20 deaths in the CCA group (36.4%) compared with 11 in the TEG group (19.6%) (P = 0.049). Most deaths occurred within the first 6 hours from arrival (21.8% CCA group vs 7.1% TEG group) (P = 0.032). CCA patients required similar number of red blood cell units as the TEG patients [CCA: 5.0 (2-11), TEG: 4.5 (2-8)] (P = 0.317), but more plasma units [CCA: 2.0 (0-4), TEG: 0.0 (0-3)] (P = 0.022), and more platelets units [CCA: 0.0 (0-1), TEG: 0.0 (0-0)] (P = 0.041) in the first 2 hours of resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of a goal-directed, TEG-guided MTP to resuscitate severely injured patients improves survival compared with an MTP guided by CCA and utilizes less plasma and platelet transfusions during the early phase of resuscitation.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/etiologia , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/terapia , Transfusão de Sangue/normas , Técnicas Hemostáticas , Ressuscitação/métodos , Tromboelastografia/métodos , Adulto , Colorado , Feminino , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Taxa de Sobrevida , Centros de Traumatologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicações
10.
Pediatr Surg Int ; 31(11): 1041-6, 2015 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26349487

RESUMO

PURPOSE: We have previously demonstrated that a shock index, pediatric age adjusted (SIPA) accurately identifies severely blunt injured children. We aimed to determine if SIPA could more accurately identify children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) than hypotension alone. METHODS: We performed subset analysis of those children with TBI among a cohort of children age 4-16 years with blunt trauma and injury severity score ≥15 from 1/07 to 6/13. We evaluated the ability of four markers to identify the most severely brain injured children. Markers included hypotension, elevated SIPA, abnormal GCS motor score (GMS), and elevated SIPA or abnormal GMS. We aimed to determine which of these four markers had the highest sensitivity in identifying severely injured children. RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety-two (392) children were included. Hypotension was present in 24 patients (6%); elevated SIPA in 106 (27 %), abnormal GMS in 172 (44%), and elevated SIPA or abnormal GMS in 206 (53%). All markers were able to accurately identify severely injured children with TBI. Elevated SIPA or abnormal GMS identified a greater percentage of patients with each of seven complications with higher sensitivity than each of the three other markers. CONCLUSION: Among blunt injured children with TBI, elevated SIPA or abnormal GMS identifies severely brain injured children.


Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Lesões Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
11.
Pediatr Surg Int ; 30(11): 1103-6, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25252922

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to define the radiographic findings that help differentiate abusive head trauma (AHT) from accidental head injury. METHODS: Our trauma registry was queried for all children ≤5 years of age presenting with traumatic brain injury (TBI) from 1996-2011. RESULTS: Of 2,015 children with TBI, 71% had accidental injury and 29% had AHT. Children with AHT were more severely injured (ISS 22.1 vs 14.4; p < 0.0001) and had a higher mortality rate (15 vs 5%; p < 0.0001). Patients with AHT had higher rates of diffuse axonal injury (14 vs 8%; p < 0.0001) and subdural hemorrhage (76 vs 23%; p < 0.0001). Children with accidental injury had higher rates of skull fractures (52 vs 21%; p < 0.0001) and epidural hemorrhages (11 vs 3%). CONCLUSIONS: AHT occurred in 29% of children and resulted in increased mortality rates. These children had higher rates of subdural hemorrhages and diffuse axonal injury. Physicians initially evaluating injured children must maintain a high index of suspicion for abuse in those who present with subdural hematoma or diffuse axonal injury.


Assuntos
Acidentes/estatística & dados numéricos , Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões Encefálicas/epidemiologia , Maus-Tratos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Pré-Escolar , Colorado/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos
12.
J Surg Res ; 184(1): 352-7, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23746760

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: A child's risk of developing cancer from radiation exposure associated with computed tomography (CT) imaging is estimated to be as high as 1/500. Chest CT (CCT), often as part of a "pan-scan," is increasingly performed after blunt trauma in children. We hypothesized that routine CCT for the initial evaluation of blunt injured children does not add clinically useful information beyond chest radiograph (CXR) and rarely changes management. METHODS: Pediatric (<15 y) trauma team evaluations over 6 y at an academic Level I trauma center were reviewed. Demographic data, injuries, imaging, and management were identified for all patients undergoing CT. Effective radiation dose in milliSieverts (mSv) was calculated using age-adjusted scales. RESULTS: Fifty-seven of 174 children (33%) undergoing CT imaging had a CCT; 55 (97%) of these had a CXR. Pathology was identified in significantly fewer CXRs compared with CCTs (51% versus 83%, P < 0.001). All 7/57 (12%) emergent or urgent chest interventions were based on information from CXR. In 53 children (93%), the CCT was ordered as part of a pan-scan, resulting in a radiation dose of 37.69 ± 7.80 mSv from initial CT scans. Radiation dose was significantly greater from CCT than from CXR (8.7 ± 1.1 mSv versus 0.017 ± 0.002 mSv, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Clinically useful information found on CCT had good correlation to information obtained from CXR and did not change patient management, however, did add significantly to the radiation exposure of initial imaging. We recommend selective use of CCT, particularly in the presence of an abnormal mediastinal silhouette on CXR after a significant deceleration injury.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Torácicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos Torácicos/epidemiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/efeitos adversos , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagem , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Masculino , Doses de Radiação , Radiografia Torácica/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Centros de Traumatologia , Procedimentos Desnecessários
13.
J Pediatr Surg ; 58(2): 320-324, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36400606

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Most children in the US live more than one hour from a Level 1 PTC. The Need For Trauma Intervention (NFTI) score was developed to assess trauma triage criteria and is dependent on whether someone requires one of six urgent interventions (NFTI+). We sought to determine if a novel scoring tool, rSIG, could predict NFTI and facilitate the transfer decision making process. METHODS: Children 1-18 years old transferred to our level 1 PTC from 2010 - 2020 with complete vital signs and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at the transferring facility were included. rSIG was calculated as previously described [(SBP/HR) x GCS], and the following cutoffs were used for each age group: ≤13.1, ≤16.5, and ≤20.1 for 1-6, 7-12, and 13-18 years, respectively. Clinical outcomes upon arrival to the PTC were collected to determine if patients met any NTFI criteria. RESULTS: A total of 456 patients met inclusion criteria. The proportion of patients with an abnormal rSIG was 60.1% (274) and 37.0% (169) were NFTI+. Patients with an abnormal rSIG had an odds ratio of 6.18 (95% CI: 3.90, 10.07), p < 0.001 of being NFTI+ compared to those with a normal rSIG. CONCLUSION: Children with an abnormal rSIG are more likely to be NFTI+ and require higher levels of care, indicating this scoring tool can identify pediatric trauma patients who may benefit from expedited transfer. Incorporating rSIG into initial evaluation and triage of traumatically injured children may expedite the transfer decision making process and limit delays in transport to a PTC. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective Comparative Study LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.


Assuntos
Centros de Traumatologia , Ferimentos e Lesões , Humanos , Criança , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Estudos Retrospectivos , Triagem , Ferimentos e Lesões/diagnóstico , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapia , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento
14.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg ; 95(3): 347-353, 2023 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36899455

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Appropriate prehospital trauma triage ensures transport of children to facilities that provide specialized trauma care. There are currently no objective and generalizable scoring tool for emergency medical services to facilitate such decisions. An abnormal reverse shock index times Glasgow Coma Scale (rSIG), which is calculated using readily available parameters, has been shown to be associated with severely injured children. This study sought to determine if rSIG could be used in the prehospital setting to identify injured children who require the highest levels of care. METHODS: Patients (1-18 years old) transferred from the scene to a level 1 pediatric trauma center from 2010 to 2020 with complete prehospital and emergency department vital signs, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were included. Reverse shock index times GCS was calculated as previously described ((systolic blood pressure/heart rate) × GCS), and the following cutoffs were used: ≤13.1, ≤16.5, and ≤20.1 for 1- to 6-, 7- to 12-, and 13- to 18-year-old patients, respectively. Trauma activation level and clinical outcomes upon arrival to the pediatric trauma center were collected. RESULTS: There were 247 patients included in the analysis; 66.0% (163) had an abnormal prehospital rSIG. Patients with an abnormal rSIG had a higher rate of highest-level trauma activation compared with those with a normal rSIG (38.7% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.013). Patients with an abnormal prehospital rSIG also had higher rates of intubation (28.8% vs. 9.52%, p < 0.001), intracranial pressure monitor (9.20 vs. 1.19%, p = 0.032), need for blood (19.6% vs. 8.33%, p = 0.034), laparotomy (7.98% vs. 1.19%, p = 0.039), and intensive care unit admission (54.6% vs. 40.5%, p = 0.049). CONCLUSION: Reverse shock index times GCS may assist emergency medical service providers in early identification and triage of severely injured children. An abnormal rSIG in the emergency department is associated with higher rates of intubation, need for blood transfusion, intracranial pressure monitoring, laparotomy, and intensive care unit admission. Use of this metric may help to speed the identification, care, and treatment of any injured child. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.


Assuntos
Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Ferimentos e Lesões , Humanos , Criança , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Prognóstico , Sinais Vitais , Centros de Traumatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
15.
Trauma Surg Acute Care Open ; 8(1): e001017, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37342820

RESUMO

Objectives: Our understanding of blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) has changed significantly in recent decades, resulting in a heterogeneous description of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in the literature which is not suitable for data pooling. Therefore, we endeavored to develop a core outcome set (COS) to help guide future BCVI research and overcome the challenge of heterogeneous outcomes reporting. Methods: After a review of landmark BCVI publications, content experts were invited to participate in a modified Delphi study. For round 1, participants submitted a list of proposed core outcomes. In subsequent rounds, panelists used a 9-point Likert scale to score the proposed outcomes for importance. Core outcomes consensus was defined as >70% of scores receiving 7 to 9 and <15% of scores receiving 1 to 3. Feedback and aggregate data were shared between rounds, and four rounds of deliberation were performed to re-evaluate the variables not achieving predefined consensus criteria. Results: From an initial panel of 15 experts, 12 (80%) completed all rounds. A total of 22 items were considered, with 9 items achieving consensus for inclusion as core outcomes: incidence of postadmission symptom onset, overall stroke incidence, stroke incidence stratified by type and by treatment category, stroke incidence prior to treatment initiation, time to stroke, overall mortality, bleeding complications, and injury progression on radiographic follow-up. The panel further identified four non-outcome items of high importance for reporting: time to BCVI diagnosis, use of standardized screening tool, duration of treatment, and type of therapy used. Conclusion: Through a well-accepted iterative survey consensus process, content experts have defined a COS to guide future research on BCVI. This COS will be a valuable tool for researchers seeking to perform new BCVI research and will allow future projects to generate data suitable for pooled statistical analysis with enhanced statistical power. Level of evidence: Level IV.

16.
World J Emerg Surg ; 18(1): 38, 2023 Jun 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37355698

RESUMO

Many countries are facing an aging population. As people live longer, surgeons face the prospect of operating on increasingly older patients. Traditional teaching is that with older age, these patients face an increased risk of mortality and morbidity, even to a level deemed too prohibitive for surgery. However, this is not always true. An active 90-year-old patient can be much fitter than an overweight, sedentary 65-year-old patient with comorbidities. Recent literature shows that frailty-an age-related cumulative decline in multiple physiological systems, is therefore a better predictor of mortality and morbidity than chronological age alone. Despite recognition of frailty as an important tool in identifying vulnerable surgical patients, many surgeons still shun objective tools. The aim of this position paper was to perform a review of the existing literature and to provide recommendations on emergency laparotomy and in frail patients. This position paper was reviewed by an international expert panel composed of 37 experts who were asked to critically revise the manuscript and position statements. The position paper was conducted according to the WSES methodology. We shall present the derived statements upon which a consensus was reached, specifying the quality of the supporting evidence and suggesting future research directions.


Assuntos
Fragilidade , Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Laparotomia , Idoso Fragilizado , Consenso , Comorbidade
17.
J Surg Res ; 177(2): 320-5, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22682716

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In 1982, we reported our experience with abdominal vascular trauma, highlighting the critical role of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy. Damage control surgery was subsequently introduced to address this "lethal triad." The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes from our most recent 6-year experience compared with a cohort from 30 years ago. METHODS: Patients with major abdominal vascular injuries were examined, and the most recent 6-year period was compared with archived data from a similar 6-year period three decades ago. RESULTS: The number of patients with major abdominal vascular injuries decreased from 123 patients in 1975 to 1980 to 64 patients in 2004 to 2009. The mean initial pH decreased from 7.21 to 6.96 (1975 to 1980 versus 2004 to 2009) for patients with overt coagulopathy. Despite increasingly protracted acidosis, mortality attributable to refractory coagulopathy decreased from 46% to 19% (1975 to 1980 versus 2004 to 2009, chi-square = 4.36, P = 0.04). No significant difference was found in mortality from exsanguinating injuries (43% versus 62%, 1975 to 1980 versus 2004 to 2009, chi-square = 1.96, P = 0.16). The prehospital transport times were unchanged (22 versus 20 min, 1975 to 1980 versus 2004 to 2009). Despite the administration of additional clotting factors and the advent of damage control surgery, the overall mortality remained largely unchanged (37% versus 33%, 1975 to 1980 versus 2004 to 2009, chi-square = 0.385, P = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: The adoption of damage control surgery, including the implementation of a massive transfusion protocol, was associated with a reduction in mortality for abdominal vascular injuries due to coagulopathy; however, patients have continued to die of exsanguination.


Assuntos
Traumatismos Abdominais/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/cirurgia , Traumatismos Abdominais/complicações , Traumatismos Abdominais/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/etiologia , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/mortalidade , Transfusão de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Colorado/epidemiologia , Exsanguinação/etiologia , Exsanguinação/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/complicações , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/mortalidade , Adulto Jovem
18.
Am J Surg ; 224(1 Pt A): 13-17, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35232541

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with blunt solid organ injuries (BSOI) are cared for at both pediatric trauma centers (PTC) and adult trauma centers (ATC). Over the past decade, treatment strategies have shifted towards non-operative management with reported favorable outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare management strategies and outcomes between PTC and ATC. METHODS: We queried the 2016-2018 Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) datasets to identify adolescents between the ages of 16 and 19 with BSOI. Characteristics were stratified by center type (pediatric or adult) for comparative analyses. Separate logistic regressions were used to assess the association of hospital type, location of injury, age, gender, weight, Glascow Coma Score (GCS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for outcomes of interest. RESULTS: Among the 3,011,310 patients enrolled in the 2016-2018 TQIP datasets, 106,892 (3.5%) had a BSOI ICD9/10 code. Of those, 9,193 (8.6%) were between 16 and 19 years of age and included in this analysis. Within this cohort, 6,073 (66.1%) were managed at an ATC and 3,120 (33.9%) were managed at a PTC. While statistically different, there were no clinically relevant differences for age, weight, and sex between groups. A significantly higher ISS and lower GCS score were observed among those admitted to ATC compared to PTC. ICU admissions were more frequent at ATC. Number of blood transfusions by 4 h after presentation were also higher among those admitted to an ATC. Despite a lower ISS and higher GCS at presentation, mortality was higher among those treated at a PTC with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.42 (1.31-4.53). After excluding adolescents with a traumatic brain injury, a common cause of mortality among adolescent trauma patients, these differences in outcomes persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that adolescents with BSOI managed at a PTC are less likely to receive blood transfusions by 4 h of admission or be admitted to the ICU than those managed at an ATC. However, this more conservative approach may come at the expense of higher overall mortality. Further work is needed to understand these differences and determine if PTC need to be more aggressive in managing BSOI.


Assuntos
Centros de Traumatologia , Ferimentos não Penetrantes , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Razão de Chances , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
19.
J Pediatr Surg ; 57(7): 1358-1362, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34955290

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cardiac injuries are rare in pediatric trauma patients and data regarding this type of injury is limited. There is even less data on traumatic great vessel injuries. This study sought to examine and summarize our recent experience at two pediatric trauma centers, which serve a major metropolitan area and large geographic region. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of pediatric (<18 years) patients who sustained cardiac or great vessel injuries and were managed at a Level 1 or Level 2 pediatric trauma center between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2020. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared using two-sample t-tests, Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests, Fisher's exact tests and chi-squared tests for continuous, non-normally distributed continuous, and categorical variables, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 53 patients sustained cardiac and/or great vessel injuries. Of these, 37 (70%) sustained cardiac, 9 (17%) sustained great vessel, and 7 (13%) sustained both types of injuries. The median age was 14.9 years and 74% (n = 39) were male. The median injury severity score (ISS) was 36.0 and the injury mechanism was blunt in 31 (58%) patients. The most common cardiac and great vessel injury locations were left ventricle (n = 9) and thoracic aorta (n = 11), respectively. The overall mortality rate was 53% (n = 28). Mortality was highest among those who sustained great vessel injuries (89%). CONCLUSIONS: There is substantial heterogeneity in cardiac and great vessel injuries. Regardless, they are highly morbid and lethal, despite aggressive surgical and catheter-based interventions.


Assuntos
Traumatismos Cardíacos , Lesões do Sistema Vascular , Ferimentos não Penetrantes , Adolescente , Aorta Torácica/lesões , Criança , Feminino , Traumatismos Cardíacos/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Cardíacos/etiologia , Traumatismos Cardíacos/cirurgia , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Traumatologia , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/epidemiologia , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/cirurgia , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/epidemiologia , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/cirurgia
20.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg ; 92(1): 152-158, 2022 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34446654

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Thrombelastography (TEG) has emerged as a useful tool to diagnose coagulopathy and guide blood product usage during trauma resuscitations. This study sought to evaluate the correlation between TEG-directed blood product administration in severely injured pediatric trauma patients with blunt solid organ injuries (BSOIs). METHODS: Patients (≤18 years) with severe BSOIs who presented as highest-level trauma activations at two pediatric trauma centers were included. Thrombelastography results were evaluated to determine indications for blood product administration and rates of TEG-directed resuscitation. Tetrachoric correlations and regression modeling were used to correlate TEG-directed resuscitation with clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Of 64 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 32.8% (21) had elevated R times and 23.4% (15) had shortened α angles. Maximum amplitude was shortened in 29.7% (19), and percent clot lysis 30 minutes after maximum amplitude that is >3% was seen in 17.0% (9). Thrombelastography-directed resuscitation of fresh frozen plasma was followed 54.7% of the time compared with 67.2% and 81.2% for platelets and cryoprecipitate, respectively. Thrombelastography-directed resuscitation with platelets (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.93; p = 0.03) and/or cryoprecipitate (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.42, p = 0.003) were associated with decreased hospital length of stay and mortality, respectively. CONCLUSION: Severely injured pediatric trauma patients with BSOIs were often coagulopathic upon presentation to the emergency department. Thrombelastography-directed resuscitation with platelets and/or cryoprecipitate was followed for the majority of patients and was associated with improved outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic/Care Management, level III.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea , Transfusão de Sangue/métodos , Ressuscitação/métodos , Tromboelastografia/métodos , Ferimentos e Lesões , Adolescente , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/etiologia , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/terapia , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/métodos , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Mortalidade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Plasma , Centros de Traumatologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/sangue , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicações , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapia , Ferimentos não Penetrantes
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