The role of emotion regulation and choice repetition bias in the ultimatum game.

Social decision-making is commonly explored in the context of adult responder behavior in the ultimatum game. Responder behavior in the game has been proposed to be the consequence of two competing systems that control behavior: an affective system, which promotes an emotional response to unfair offers, and a deliberative system, which instead encourages a rational response to maximize in-game gains. In a secondary analysis of ultimatum game data in children and adolescents (N = 429), the present study demonstrated that trial-level metrics of responder behavior were reflective of a dual systems framework. However, no consistent relationship was found between responder behavior and trait-level measures of emotion regulation. Choice history was found to influence all measures of responder behavior in the game. These results support a dual systems account of social decision-making in children and adolescents and highlight choice repetition bias as an additional factor influencing decision-making within the ultimatum game. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Clinical management of complex motor stereotypies.

This paper will review complex motor stereotypies and provide a summary of the current proposed treatment pathway.

Functional neurological movements in children: Management with a psychological approach.

AIM: To develop a cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) approach that included novel attention training components to support symptom management in children with a primary diagnosis of Functional Movement Disorder (FMD). METHOD: Eighteen children (9 male and 9 female) with a mean age of 13 years (sd = 2.46, range 10-18 years) were assessed and completed CBT with novel attention training components. Treatment outcomes were measured using the Child Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) which was administered at baseline and post-treatment. RESULTS: Scores on the CGAS improved significantly post-treatment (p < 0.001) with all participants showing significant change in functioning on the basis of the Reliable Change Index (RCI), with clinically significant change across classification boundaries. INTERPRETATION: This case series provides support for the use of CBT with attention training components for the management of FMD. Larger trials are necessary to identify which individual treatment components are most effective and to better understand and quantify response to treatment. Future clinical treatment studies would benefit from the inclusion of objective measures of interoception and attentional focus.

Sleep difficulties in children with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders: a systematic review of characteristics and associated factors.

Sleep difficulties are common in children and young people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders (TS/CTD). However, it is unclear whether sleep problems can be considered typical of the TS/CTD phenotype or whether they reflect concomitant factors such as individual patient characteristics (e.g. medication use), underlying neurodevelopmental disorders and/or co-occurring psychiatric symptoms. To help address this question, this review systematically explored types and frequency of sleep problems in children and young people with TS/CTD, while also examining the heterogeneity and methodological quality of studies. Psycinfo, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched using a range of terms relating to tics, sleep and co-occurring psychopathology. Studies were considered that included a sample of children with TS/CTD (n > 5) for whom sleep difficulties were measured. Eighteen studies met criteria for inclusion in the review. Findings supported the high prevalence of sleep difficulties in children with TS/CTD, though estimates of sleep difficulties ranged from 9.7% to 80.4%. Twelve studies reported on other factors affecting sleep in this patient group including tic severity, comorbid psychopathological or neurodevelopmental disorders and medication use. Studies varied in terms of methodology, sample characteristics and research quality, but most concluded that children with TS/CTD experienced high levels of sleep difficulties with children with co-occurring anxiety most at risk. The current review highlights the need for further empirical investigation of sleep in children with TS/CTS, with a view to informing understanding and clinical management.