An analytical cross-sectional study: determining gestational age using fetal clavicle length during the second trimester.

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between fetal clavicle length and gestational age in pregnant patients from 14 and 27 weeks of gestation. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients from 14 and 27 weeks of gestation. Ultrasonographic measurements such as abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), humerus length (HL), clavicle length (CL), head circumference (HC), biparietal diameter (BPD), estimated fetal weight (EFW), and transverse cerebellum diameter (TCD) were made and compared. RESULTS: A total of 552 patients were evaluated in our clinic and CL was measured properly and successfully in all fetuses. Fetal AC, FL, HL, CL, BPD, HC, EFW and TCD measurements were significantly and strongly correlated with gestational week, and Pearson's correlation values were 0.964, 0.965, 0.959, 0.965, 0.951, 0.917, 0.925, and 0.954, respectively (p < 0.001). In the regression analysis equation, gestational week = 0.894 + CL × 0.961. CONCLUSION: There was a significant positive correlation between fetal CL (mm) and gestational week. We suggest that the 1 mm = 1 week rule can be used for patients with anomalies of the cerebellum and vermis, as well as for patients with unknown last menstrual period.

Comparison of the effectiveness of screening methods for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The methods and criteria used for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening in pregnant women are updated by the relevant organisations in certain periods. We aimed to compare the efficiency of GDM screening tests in pregnant women and to investigate the reasons of different prevalence values reported in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of 2406 pregnant women who were admitted to the obstetric outpatient clinic for screening GDM, were included. All pregnant women were randomly screened between 24 and 28 gestational weeks, using one-step (75 gr glucose loading) or two-step (50 gr and 100 gr glucose loading) methods. The demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters of the study population were analysed. RESULTS: In our study, 680 pregnant women were screened by one-step method and 1726 by two-step method. The average age of the one-step and two-step groups was 28.3 ± 5.7 and 28.1 ± 5.1, respectively, and no statistically significant difference was found between the ages of the two groups (P = .647). Other baseline characteristics, including maternal age, maternal weight, height, body mass index, gestational week, multiparity, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, fasting plasma glucose were not significantly different between the two groups (P > .05, for all). The prevalence of GDM was significantly higher in the one-step group than that in the two-step group: 158/680 (23.2%) versus 143/1683 (8.5%), respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of the two groups (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The reason for the different prevalence values obtained in GDM screening studies may be because of the preferred method. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of both methods, studies are needed in which international organisations will revise their diagnostic criteria. We think it would be more appropriate to use the two-step screening method until international professional organisations develop a new methodology and new cut-off values.

The struggle against endometrial cancer: ten years of experience of a tertiary center.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological factors of our patients who were diagnosed with endometrial cancer in terms of prognosis. With this study, we present our 10 years of surgical experience in endometrial carcinoma cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four hundred twelve patients with endometrial carcinoma who applied to our center between 2010-2019 and that we followed up were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Most of the tumors were low-grade endometrioid malignancies. Non-endometrioid types accounted for 12.1% of cases. Lymph node dissection was performed in 395 of 412 patients (95.9%). 66 (16.01%) of the 412 patients died during the follow-up period in the study sample. Higher OS and DFS rates were associated with endometrioid histological types, FIGO stage, absence of lymphovascular space invasion, lower grade and less than 50% myometrial invasion (p < 0.05). 5-year OS at stage 1, 2, 3, 4 was found as 88.9 ± 2.2%, 65.5 ± 10.8%, 49.4 ± 0.79% and 23.7 ± 0.97% respectively. 5-year DFS at stage 1, 2, 3, 4 was found as 84.1 ± 2.6%, 65.5 ± 10.8%, 47.7 ± 0.78% and 23.7 ± 0.97% respectively. In univariate analysis, Age, tumor histology, FIGO stage, histological grade, LVSI, positive peritoneal cytology, cervical involvement, myometrial invasion and not receiving adjuvant therapy were defined as prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Age, grade, FIGO stage, myometrial invasion, histological type, LVSI involvement, cervical involvemet, positive peritoneal cytology and not receiving adjuvant therapy are important prognostic factors for progression-free survival and overall survival in patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer.

Cervical dysplasia after renal transplantation: A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Since the first days of organ transplantation, it has been accepted that solid transplant recipients have a high risk of developing cancer. Chronic immunosuppression and environmental factors play a role in cancer development in recipients. In the present study, we tried to evaluate the cumulative incidence of cervical dysplasia after renal transplantation, risk factors for disease development, and the time until high-grade dysplasia occurred. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 patients with renal transplantation who presented for gynecologic follow-up was included in the study. The medical records of the patients were reviewed until the last clinical visit, their demographic characteristics, transplant history, gynecologic history, and gynecologic examination results (cervical cytology and histology reports) were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 50 women in the study population, 29 (58%; 95% confidence interval: 8.8-15.9) developed cervical dysplasia after the first transplant at a median follow-up of 7.8 (range: 4.6-12.9) years. Twenty-one women with benign cervical cytology before transplantation had evidence of low-grade intraepithelial lesions + after transplant (47% of these were within 2 years after transplant). During the follow-up, 8 women (18.2%) were diagnosed as having high-grade intraepithelial lesions + (within 5 years after transplantation). CONCLUSION: Renal transplant patients were found to have higher abnormal cervical cytology and histology rates than the normal population.

The apoptotic effects of bisphenol A exposure on the rat ovary: an experimental study.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a key endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) in the manufacturing industry. It is found in the structure of compounds such as polycarbonate and epoxy in combination with other chemicals. Our objective was to investigate the effect of BPA on rat ovaries. A total of 32 female rats were divided into four equal groups: In group 1 (control), vehicle was administered; in group 2, BPA 50 µg/day was administered intraperitoneally; in group 3, BPA 100 mg/kg/day was administered intraperitoneally; and in group 4, BPA 100 mg/kg/day and vitamin C (50 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally, while vitamin E (50 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly. Thirty days after the treatment, the effects of BPA on the ovaries were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase [TdT]-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. There was no difference in the number of apoptotic cells between group 2 and group 4. In addition, there was no significant difference between control group and group 2, 4. However, the number of apoptotic cells per unit area was significantly increased in group 3 compared with all groups (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study showed that high doses of BPA (100 mg/kg/day) have a toxic effect on the ovaries. The fact that the number of apoptotic cells in the group administered with high dose of BPA + 50 mg/kg/day vitamin C + 50 mg/kg/day vitamin E was lower than that of the high-dose BPA-administered group shows that these vitamins may have a protective effect.

In Vitro Determination of Wound Healing Potential of Axonge

BACKGROUND: Research on treatment alternatives that improve wound healing is an ever-evolving area in medicine, and a wound healing agent that carries minimal pain, discomfort, and scarring for patients with burn wounds, venous and decubitis ulcers, traumatic wounds, and many others is needed. The phases of wound healing include homeostasis, inflammation, migration, proliferation, and maturation. Adeps suillus (axonge) is known as a therapeutic agent for skin diseases and mainly consists of triglycerides. OBJECTIVE: In the current study, the proliferation effect of axonge was determined on human normal epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and human normal foreskin fibroblast cell line (BJ) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental steps included preparation of HaCaT and BJ cell lines, axonge's stable tetrazolium salt-based proliferation assay, and evaluation of the wound healing effect of axonge on HaCaT and BJ cells. RESULTS: Axonge concentrations of 3.12 µg/mL, 6.25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL showed no cytotoxic effect on both HaCaT and BJ cells for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Considering the wound area of HaCaT cells, after 6 hours the wound healing effect of the axonge group reached almost 70% and then stopped. According to the results of the study on BJ cells, after 6 hours axonge wound closure was found to be 50% while the control group was only 10%. CONCLUSION: On the basis of this study, the authors determined that axonge might have potential for use in wound healing.

The Impact of Surgical Staging on the Prognosis of Mucinous Borderline Tumors of the Ovaries: A Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of complete surgical staging of patients with mucinous borderline ovarian tumors (mBOTs) especially appendectomy on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The database of 14 gynecological oncology departments from Turkey and Germany were comprehensively searched for women who underwent primary surgery for an ovarian tumor between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2015, and whose final diagnosis was mBOT. RESULTS: A total of 364 patients with mBOT with a median age of 43.1 years were included in this analysis. The median OS of all patients was 53.1 months. The majority of cases had Stage IA (78.6%). In univariate and multivariate analyses, radical surgery, omentectomy, appendectomy, lymphadenectomy, and adding adjuvant chemotherapy were not independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS. Furthermore, FIGO stage (≥IC vs.