Lipidomic profiling at the interface of metabolic surgery and cardiovascular disease.

Bariatric surgery has helped patients attain not only significant and sustained weight loss but has also proved to be an effective means of mitigating or reversing various obesity-related comorbidities. The impressive rates of remission or resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) following bariatric surgery are well documented and have rightly received great attention. Less understood are the effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its underlying risk factors. Thanks to the availability of increasingly sensitive laboratory tools, the emerging science of lipidomics and metagenomics is poised to offer significant contributions to our understanding of metabolically induced vascular diseases. They are set to identify novel mechanisms explaining how the varied approaches of bariatric surgery produce the remarkable improvements in multiple organs observed during patient follow-up. This article reviews recent and novel findings in patients through the lens of lipidomics with an emphasis on CVD.

Belief, knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19 amongst residents of Abuja, Nigeria: implications for pandemic preparedness.

Introduction: coronavirus disease, (COVID-19), was a pandemic with high global morbidity and mortality, partly due to a lack of preparedness. People´s knowledge, belief, attitude, and perception of disease outbreaks may affect their response, and this may impact their health-related behavior. This study was designed to determine the pattern of belief, knowledge, attitude, and practices (BKAP) of residents of Abuja, Nigeria, towards the COVID-19 pandemic. The outcome of the study may help to make informed decisions on future pandemic preparedness. Methods: a cross-sectional study with data collected online about the local perceptions and common concerns, beliefs, misconceptions, attitudes, and conspiracy theories amongst residents of the FCT. A self-reported validated e-questionnaire prepared on Google Forms was used. The obtained data was downloaded on Excel sheet and then exported to SPSS for analysis. Results: there were one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three (1,873) respondents, 1017 (54.3%) females and 856 (45.7%) males. Participants were majorly knowledgeable, the majority (31.2%) were in the 41-50 years age group. Surprisingly, about 17% did not know that wearing a face mask could prevent COVID-19. About 25% still met in crowded places, and slightly more than 33% did not wear outdoor masks. The highest knowledge of COVID-19 was found among people in the age range 41-50 years, females, University graduates, married people, and healthcare personnel, particularly doctors. Conclusion: our study concludes that the overall population of Abuja had good knowledge and, a positive attitude, with pockets of poor attitudes and bad practices born out of misconceptions and infodemics.

Plasma Steroid Profiles in Subclinical Compared With Overt Adrenal Cushing Syndrome.

CONTEXT: Diagnosis of subclinical adrenal hypercortisolism is based on several tests of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to establish mild alterations of cortisol secretion and dysregulated cortisol physiology. OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether plasma steroid profiles might assist diagnosis of subclinical Cushing syndrome (SC). DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: Two tertiary medical centers. PATIENTS: Of 208 patients tested for hypercortisolism, disease was excluded in 152 and confirmed in 21 with overt adrenal Cushing syndrome (AC) compared to 35 with SC. Another 277 age- and sex-matched hypertensive and normotensive volunteers were included for reference. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A panel of 15 plasma steroids was measured by mass spectrometry, with classification by discriminant analysis. RESULTS: Patients with SC had lower plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate than subjects without SC (P < 0.05). The largest increases (P < 0.001) in plasma steroids among patients with SC were observed for 11-deoxycortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone. Nevertheless, concentrations of 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, and pregnenolone in patients with AC were higher (P < 0.05) than in those with SC. Patients with SC or AC could be distinguished from subjects without disease using this combination of steroids as precisely as with use of measurements of serum cortisol after administration of dexamethasone. The steroid combination provided superior diagnostic performance compared with each of the other routine biochemical tests. CONCLUSION: Distinct plasma steroid profiles in patients with SC may provide a simple and reliable screening method for establishing the diagnosis.

[Prevention in occupational health care--a societal challenge]. / Prävention im betrieblichen Setting--eine gesellschaftliche Aufgabe.

The metabolic syndrome, increasingly appearing amongst the elderly and recently in younger people with a most sudden increase in the age group < 30 years, is one of the main threats to European health in this century. Early diagnosis is the most efficient way to manage and to prevent metabolic syndrome from developing. Recent studies have convincingly demonstrated that lifestyle intervention, addressing diet and exercise, reduced the risk of developing diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The challenges today are to develop and implement efficient strategies to identify those on risk and to implement prevention management programs for clinical practice. Company medical officers could play an important role while identifying persons with increased risk for the metabolic syndrome, because they are addressing patients and healthy working persons but also reaching persons who normally are not reached by the health-care system. The occupational medical health promotion has the structural requirement to implement preventive intervention also by using its influence to establish healthy workplaces. Implementing managed prevention programs in the occupational medical care setting will enable prevention of the metabolic syndrome without consuming large resources. This process will be challenging and must be sustainable requiring many partners but resulting in a profitable chance for occupational health care.