[Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney in the adult]. / Tumor rabdoide maligno de riñón en el adulto.

Presentation of a malignant rhabdoid renal tumour. This type of sarcoma which occurs commonly during the paediatric age is exceptional in the adult, this being the reason for reviewing this clinical case and its management. The term rhabdoid includes several types of morphologically similar tumours which make analysis and pathological categorization difficult. A description of the classification criteria and likely origin of the tumour is included.

[Extracorporeal high-intensity focused ultrasound: therapeutic alternative for renal tumors]. / Ultrasonidos extracorpóreos de alta intensidad: alternativa terapéutica del tumor renal.

OBJECTIVES: High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is known to be used for the treatment of solid tumors in minimally invasive procedures. Transducers allowing for application of ultrasound from an extracorporeal focus have recently been developed. A review is provided of the development, physical principles, and current status of this therapy, and our early experience with it for the treatment of renal tumors is reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extracorporeal HIFU is currently being used for the treatment of tumors (mainly hepatic, gynecological, and bone tumors), and has been started to be used for renal tumors with good results. A literature review (structured search in the online MEDLINE electronic base) of the physical principles of this treatment and its biological action is provided. The therapeutic procedure used in the first few patients with renal carcinoma successfully treated with HIFU at our hospital is reported. RESULTS: This therapy has been successfully used to treat solid tumors at several centers in Europe, America, and Asia. Our center has a wide experience in treatment of gynecological tumors using extracorporeal HIFU, and has already treated renal tumors with no complications, although follow-up is still short. CONCLUSIONS: Extracorporeal use of this energy appears as a new option among non-invasive therapies for renal cancer in selected cases. A low complication rate has been noted, but much longer follow-up times are required for assessment of oncological results.

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy: results in five cases.

Small cell carcinoma of the bladder is a rare and highly aggressive tumor. We report our experience with 5 consecutive patients treated with systemic chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. TNM stages were T2N0M0 (1 patient), T3aN0M0 (3 patients) and T3bN1M0 (1 patient). The chemotherapy protocol was the one used with small cell lung cancer patients at our hospital: six cycles of alternating PE/CAV (PE: cisplatin, etoposide; CAV: cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine). Cystoscopy was performed after the third cycle. Four out of 5 patients were free of macroscopic disease. The fifth patient had persistent lesions and was treated by cystectomy. This patient developed a local-regional recurrence 4 months later and died shortly afterwards. Four patients completed the planned six cycles. Cystoscopy with bladder biopsy was then performed on each, and all had complete remission. They were treated with external radiotherapy (45 Gy pelvis, 60 Gy bladder). One patient had invasive bladder recurrence 12 months later and cystectomy was performed. At the last follow-up 42 months later, he was alive and well. The other 3 patients were alive and free of disease 60, 48 and 27 months after diagnosis, respectively. These results are clearly more favorable than previous reports. Cystectomy might, therefore, be unnecessary in some patients.