[Developping real time lymph node aspiration under endobronchial ultrasound control. One year's French experience in two different pulmonary departments]. / Mise en place de l'échoendoscopie bronchique avec ponction ganglionnaire en pneumologie: expérience française de deux centres.

INTRODUCTION: The histology and staging of bronchial carcinoma determines the treatment options for the condition. Endobronchial ultrasound allows the needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph nodes or pulmonary neoplasia where there is tracheo-bronchial contact under visual control. This procedure is aid for diagnosis and for mediastinal staging. French pulmonary departments have been slow to introduce this technique compared to other countries. METHODS: All Endobronchial ultrasound procedures performed during 2007 were retrospectively analysed in two pulmonary centres. The indications, practice management, complications, and diagnostic yield were reported. RESULTS: 103 Endobronchial ultrasound procedures were performed, in the majority under local anaesthesia in out-patients. Real time needle aspiration was performed only in 92 patients. Only 11 procedures were performed for mediastinal staging prior to thoracic surgery. 12.6% of patients had minor complications. 136 lymph node stations were sampled in 92 patients, but only 97 (70.3%) in 63 patients were judged to be 'satisfactory"(malignant cells and/or lymphocytes on cytology results). CONCLUSIONS: It is difficult to rapidly reach the diagnostic yield reported in literature. We think that appropriate training in the technique is of great importance.

[Primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney: morphologic and immunohistochemical features of two cases]. / Le carcinome neuroendocrine à grandes cellules du rein: étude morphologique et immunohistochimique de deux cas.

Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the kidney are infrequent. The large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is a subtype with an aggressive course and a worse prognosis. We report two cases, a 35-year-old man and a 75-year-old woman who died within 6 and 5-months after surgery despite radical nephrectomy and chemotherapy. Histological and immunohistochemical features are presented.

[Desquamative interstitial pneumopathy: a rare form of diffuse interstitial pneumopathy]. / La pneumopathie interstitielle desquamative: une forme rare de pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse.

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (PID) is a rare disorder initially described by Liebow in 1965. It is characterised by the presence of an interstitial pneumonia consisting of minimal lesions of interstitial fibrosis and by the accumulation of a rich intraalveolar cellular material principally composed of macrophages. Numerous aetiologies have been found particularly that due to long term Nitrofurantoin. We report the observation of a 57 year old patient, a cigarette smoker, in whom the diagnosis of PID was made after histological examination of a lung biopsy. Based on this observation the pathogenesis and possible different aetiologies of PID are discussed.