Moxalactam kinetics during chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Moxalactam kinetics in renal failure were followed in eight patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) after a single 1-gm IV infusion. Elimination t 1/2 was 16.7 +/- 2.1 hr, with an apparent volume of distribution of 0.21 +/- 0.01 l/kg and plasma clearance of 10.6 +/- 2 ml/min. In 24 hr, 17.4 +/- 3.1% of the dose was present in the dialysis fluids, and 14.6 +/- 5.7% was excreted in the urine. Renal and peritoneal clearance values were thus 2.3 +/- 1.1 and 2.7 +/- 0.5 ml/min. Peritoneal concentrations were high (22.7 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml). A recommended dosage schedule is proposed on the basis of moxalactam kinetics during CAPD.

[In France, is acute alcoholic intoxication in adults a metabolic emergency?]. / L'intoxication alcoolique aiguë de l'adulte est-elle, en France, une urgence métabolique?

Some biological data of 63 acute alcoholic poisoning (without drug ingestion) in adults were studied during a brief hospitalization. Mean arterial blood concentration of lactate was 2,34 mmol/l +/- 0,13, of ethanol was 53 +/- 3,68 mmol/l. No correlation was found between these two variables and we have not registered lactic acidosis. Arterial blood acid base balance was normal for 24 of 38 unconscious patients. The results of other fourteen showed moderate acidosis, either mixed or respiratory either metabolic, without hypoglycemia or ketonuria. No correlation between arterial blood ions H+ concentration (44,72 +/- 1,18 nmol/l (m +/- sem) and concomitant arterial blood ethanol concentration was found. Moreover, no correlation between 46 blood glucose concentrations (without prior glucose perfusion) and alcoholemia was found. Only two 18 hours fasting chronic alcoholics showed hypoglycemia. These results confirm that acute ethanol intoxication is a potential respiratory emergency in adults, and not a metabolic one (this last pattern being true for children). No confusion between acute intoxication and alcoholic ketoacidosis, alcohol induced fasting hypoglycemia or shoshin beriberi must be made.