Does flossing before or after brushing influence the reduction in the plaque index? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess whether flossing before or after influences plaque index reduction. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and registered with the International prospective register of systematic reviews under number CRD42019126239. The PICO question was, 'does flossing before or after brushing have any effect on reducing dental plaque?'. An electronic search was performed until April 2020 in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The initial database search resulted in 9679 references, and after detailed analysis of the titles and abstracts of the selected studies, the inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, and 06 complete articles were downloaded and selected for further analysis. After the complete 02 articles were selected, 60 patients with a mean age of 23.1 years were studied and compared dental flossing before or after dental brushing. RESULTS: The results showed that there was no statistical difference between brush-floss and floss-brush in reducing plaque index (p = 0.91, RR: 0.01, 95% CI: -0.16, 0.18). CONCLUSIONS: Flossing before or after brushing has no significant effect on reducing dental plaque index. However, more clinical studies should be conducted.

Sealing Capacity of Bulk-fill Resin in Endodontically Treated Teeth.

AIM: The objective of the study is to evaluate the cervicalapical sealing of bulk-fill flow resins associated with a universal adhesive system, in endodontically treated teeth, considering two methods of evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples used in the bacterial leakage analysis were autoclaved, filled inside a laminar flow chamber, and divided into four experimental groups (n = 8) according to the restorative material: Filtek Bulk-fill flow; Surefil SDR flow; TetricEvoflow and the positive control. The samples were inoculated with the Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), every 7 days and the microleakage was evaluated on a daily basis for 60 days. Microleakage tested with dye (n = 5) was considered in 2-time intervals of evaluation (24 hours and 72 hours), and the results were obtained in scores from 0-5. Data were submitted to the statistical tests, at a level of significance of 0.05. RESULTS: About 12.5% of the FBF specimens showed bacterial microleakage as from the thirteenth day, and SDR, from the 20th day. TEF presented the highest percentage of microleakage at 40 days, concluding the 60 days with 37.5% of viable specimens. The Log-rank test revealed that the survival curve of TEF was statistically significant in comparison with those of the other groups. In the test with dye TEF and SDR presented the highest and lowest rate of microleakage, respectively, with statistically significant differences in the time interval of 72h. CONCLUSION: The resins FBF, SDR, and TEF were incapable of promoting the hermetic sealing of fillings in the root canal system. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: No bulk-fill flux studied was able to completely eliminate microleakage, despite the best performance with respect to the microleakage time presented by Filtek Bulk fill, followed by Surefil SDR flow.

Canal Transportation, Centering Ability, and Dentin Removal after Instrumentation: A Micro-CT Evaluation.

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare root canal transportation, centering ability, and amount of dentin removed after root instrumentation with different rotary and reciprocating systems, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty curved mesial canals of lower molars were selected and divided into four experimental groups (n = 10) according to the system used: protaper next (PTN), wave one gold (WOG), prodesign logic (LOG), and vortex blue (VTX). The roots were scanned before and after instrumentation using micro-CT, with a 16 µm isotropic resolution. RESULTS: Data were statistically analyzed using the Bioestat and the significance level was set at 0.05. For canal transportation, no significant differences were verified between the groups at 6 mm or 9 mm from the apex. At the apical third, LOG had a smaller mesial deviation when compared with PTN. A significant difference was found at the apical and coronal thirds, though with LOG having the best centering ability at the apical third and the worst one at the coronal third. All systems caused a greater wear at the coronal third (9 mm), decreasing at the apical one (3 mm), with statistically significant differences. LOG removed less dentin from the apical third (3 mm) than did the other instruments. CONCLUSION: The systems evaluated presented different results for canal transportation, centering ability, and dentin removal at each third. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The systems were evaluated together to evaluate neither the marked dental deviations nor the long-term signifiers of the databases and they were evaluated within the limits of normality. Therefore, they can be used without risks of embrittlement of the dental roots.

Impact of toothbrushing with a dentifrice containing calcium peroxide on enamel color and roughness.

This in vitro study sought to evaluate both the bleaching potential and changes to average surface roughness (Ra) of enamel after brushing with a dentifrice. Fifty-four enamel specimens (4 x 4 x 2 mm) were divided into 3 groups (n = 18) and treated with 1 of 3 dentifrices: 1 with calcium peroxide, and 2 without. The samples were submitted to 20,000 brushing cycles. Color and Ra were measured before and after brushing. Although the Ra increased in all groups after brushing, only the dentifrice containing calcium peroxide resulted in an increase in reflectance.

Evaluation of low-level laser therapy in patients with acute and chronic temporomandibular disorders.

The purpose of this study was to address the following question: among patients with acute or chronic temporomandibular disorders (TMD), does low-level laser therapy (LLLT) reduce pain intensity and improve maximal mouth opening? The sample comprised myogenic TMD patients (according Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD). Inclusion criteria were: male/female, no age limit, orofacial pain, tender points, limited jaw movements and chewing difficulties. Patients with other TMD subtypes or associated musculoskeletal/rheumatologic disease, missing incisors teeth, LLLT contra-indication, and previous TMD treatment were excluded. According to disease duration, patients were allocated into two groups, acute (<6 months) and chronic TMD (≥ 6 months). For each patient, 12 LLLT sessions were performed (gallium-aluminum-arsenide; λ = 830 nm, P = 40 mW, CW, ED = 8 J/cm(2)). Pain intensity was recorded using a 10-cm visual analog scale and maximal mouth opening using a digital ruler (both recorded before/after LLLT). The investigators were previously calibrated and blinded to the groups (double-blind study) and level of significance was 5% (p < 0.05). Fifty-eight patients met all criteria, 32 (acute TMD), and 26 (chronic TMD). Both groups had a significant pain intensity reduction and maximal mouth opening improvement after LLLT (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). Between the groups, acute TMD patient had a more significant pain intensity reduction (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.002) and a more significant maximal mouth opening improvement (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.011). Low-level laser therapy can be considered as an alternative physical modality or supplementary approach for management of acute and chronic myogenic temporomandibular disorder; however, patients with acute disease are likely to have a better outcome.

Filler morphology of resin-based low-viscosity materials and surface properties after several photoactivation times.

AIM: This study aimed to characterize the morphology of filler particles and to analyze the effect of shortened and extended photoactivation times on hardness (VHN) and cross-link density (CLD) of resin-based low-viscosity materials. METHODS: Sixteen commercially available materials were tested: four fissure sealants (Alpha Seal, Fluroshield Yellowed, Bioseal and Fluroshield White) and 12 flowable composites (Opallis T, Permaflo T, Opallis A2, Natural Flow A2, Master Flow A2, Permaflo A2, Filtek Z350 A2, Natural Flow O, Master Flow OA2, Opallis OA3.5, Filtek Z350 OA3, Opallis OP) at six curing times (10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 40 s, 50 s and 60 s). Specimens were fabricated (n = 5), analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, by VHN and by CLD. RESULTS: Unimodal and multimodal filler particles sizes with spherical and irregular shapes were observed. Unfilled materials were also detected. There were no differences among curing times for either VHN or CLD. Opallis A2 and Opallis OA3.5 showed the highest VHN at all curing times, whereas Master Flow A2 and Master Flow OA2 presented the lowest VHN. Opallis A2 presented the highest CLD at all curing times and Alpha Seal showed the lowest CLD. CONCLUSIONS: Filler particle morphology differed among the resin-based low-viscosity materials tested. The shortest photoactivation time tested could yield similar VHN and CLD means to those provided by the most extended photoactivation time.

Effect of dentin pre-treatment with a casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste on dentin bond strength in tridimensional cavities.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the push-out bond strength of dimethacrylate (Clearfil SE Bond/Filtek Z250; and Adper SE Plus/Filtek Z250) and silorane-based (Filtek P90 adhesive system/Filtek P90 composite resin) restorative systems following selective dentin pre-treatment with a CPP-ACP-containing paste (MI Paste). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty bovine incisors were utilized. The buccal surface was wet-ground to obtain a flat dentin area. Standardized conical cavities were then prepared. Adhesive systems were applied according to manufacturers' directions and the composites were bulk-inserted into the cavity. The push-out bond strength test was performed at a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min) until failure; failure modes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: For Clearfil SE Bond/Filtek Z250 and Filtek P90 adhesive system/Filtek P90 composite resin, the dentin pre-treatment did not influence bond strength means. For Adper SE Plus/Filtek Z250, dentin samples treated with MI Paste had statistically higher bond strength means than non-treated specimens. Adhesive failures were more frequent. CONCLUSION: Dentin pre-treatment with the CPP-ACP containing paste did not negatively affect bond strength for Clearfil SE Bond/Filtek Z250 and Filtek P90 adhesive system/Filtek P90 composite resin restorative systems and improved bond strength for the Adper SE Plus/Filtek Z250 restorative system.

Improvement of the orthodontic bracket bond strength with pre-heated composite restoratives.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-heated composite restoratives on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets. METHODS: The following materials were tested: a microhybrid composite restorative (Filtek Z250), two nanofilled composite restoratives (Filtek Z350 and NT Premium), a nanohybrid composite restorative (Brilliant) and a conventional orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT). All materials were stored for 1 h in the incubator either at 25°C (room temperature simulation) or 60°C before bonding 100 orthodontic brackets on bovine lower incisors (n = 10). One Coat Bond SL and Transbond XT were used to bond the composite restoratives and the Transbond XT adhesive paste, respectively. After storage in distilled water for 24 h, the brackets were subjected to SBS test at a speed of 0.5 mm/min until bracket debonding. The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was assigned to the fractured specimens. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and the Tukey post-hoc test (p < 0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare ARI scores between the groups (p < 0.05). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the materials at room temperature. Samples bonded with pre-heated materials showed a statistically higher SBS than those bonded with room temperature materials. Samples bonded with the pre-heated orthodontic adhesive showed the highest SBS among all the pre-heated materials. All preheated composite restoratives produced an SBS mean higher than that of Transbond XT stored at room temperature. CONCLUSION: The use of pre-heated composite restoratives and orthodontic adhesives might be an alternative approach to bond orthodontic brackets.

Which irrigating provides a better bond strength in glass fiber posts: Chlorhexidine or Sodium Hypochlorite? A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the influence of the use of chlorhexidine on endodontic instrumentation on the bond strength of glass fiber posts with resin cements. The guiding question of the study was: "Is the bond strength of glass fiber posts greater when using chlorhexidine as an irrigator in endodontic treatment instead of sodium hypochlorite?". Material and Methods: This study was conducted according to Guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). In vitro studies were included that have compared chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite as an endodontic irrigator in the chemical-mechanical preparation. Results: Eight studies were included in the qualitative analysis and seven in the meta-analysis. Both the analysis by subgroups and the total analysis, using a random effect model, showed no statistically significant differences between the groups (p> 0.05), either in the specific analysis for cervical root third (p = 0.30; 95% CI = -2.11, 6.91) or medium (p = 0.05; 95% CI = -0.03, 4.56), or nonspecific regarding the third to the root third (p = 0.48; 95% CI = -4.00, 1.86). Conclusions: There are no statistically significant differences in the bond strength of glass fiber posts and resin cements in teeth endodontically treated under irrigation by both chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite. Key words:Chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, bond strength, glass fiber post.

Arrest of non-cavitated dentinal occlusal caries by sealing pits and fissures: a 36-month, randomised controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the progression of sealed non-cavitated dentinal occlusal caries in a randomised controlled clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty teeth with non-cavitated dentinal occlusal caries were selected in patients with a high risk for caries. Patients were randomly divided into two groups so that each group included 30 teeth. Patients in the experiment group were given oral hygiene instructions and a fissure sealant. Patients in the control group were given oral hygiene instructions only. Caries progression and sealant loss were monitored over a period of 36 months by clinical and radiographic examinations. RESULTS: Clinical and radiographic progression of caries was significantly more frequent in the control group than in the experiment group. Three teeth lost their sealant and showed caries progression, but this was apparent only at the 12-month follow-up. At the 24- and 36-month recall appointments, neither sealant loss nor caries progression were observed. CONCLUSION: The pit and fissure sealant utilised in this study was shown to be effective in arresting carious lesions at 36 months.

Effect of bleaching on shear bond strength to dentin of etch-and-rinse and self-etching primer adhesives.

This study evaluated in vitro the influence of enamel bleaching on bond strength to dentin. One hundred and twenty bovine incisors were divided into 12 groups (n = 10), according to adhesive system: Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB2), Prime & Bond 2.1 (PB), Adhese (AD) and Clearfil SE Bond (SE). The experimental groups were exposed to 10% carbamide peroxide for 4 hours a day over a period of 10 days. After the bleaching, they remained stored in artificial saliva for a further 24 hours or 7 days. The control groups were stored in artificial saliva for 24 hs. Resin composite (Z250) cylinders were made, and the specimens were stored in distilled water (37 degrees C/24 h), until the shear strength test was performed. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA 3-way and Turkey's test (a < 0.05). The highest mean value of experimental groups was obtained for ASB2 (7 d) and the lowest for PB (24 h). Significant differences were observed for bleaching and adhesive system, but not for storage time. Moreover, the interaction between the factors under study was shown to be significant. Statistical differences were observed between the tested adhesives for the different bleaching situations and storage times. It may be concluded that dental enamel bleaching and storage time in artificial saliva interfered with the bond strength to subjacent dentin provided by the Prime & Bond 2.1 and Clearfil SE Bond.

Influence of antioxidants on stress of bonding agents in recently whitened teeth.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of time of application of antioxidant agents on the bond strength to bovine enamel after bleaching by light emitting diode. Twenty two bovine incisors were used, on which the vestibular surfaces were flattened and divided into four experimental groups (n = 15) according to each antioxidant agent, with two groups each, varying the application time of 1 or 10 minutes, all submitted to the same whitening agent (Lase Peroxide) and the control group was only restored. The other groups were treated with antioxidant agents before the restorative procedure using the adhesive system All Bond 3 and resin Filtek Z-350. To obtain the dental fragments, teeth were placed in a precision cutter (Elquip), obtaining 0.8 mm 2 with sticks that were submitted to micro tensile testing at a test speed of 0.5 mm/min. The results, statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05), indicated an increase in the value of bond strength of bleached groups treated with ascorbic acid, and a reduction when combined with sodium thiosulfate. No improvement in bond strength was found in the others.

Methodological quality of systematic reviews analyzing the use of laser therapy in restorative dentistry.

The purpose of this study was to identify systematic reviews (SRs) that compared laser with other dental restorative procedures and to evaluate their methodological quality. A search strategy was developed and implemented for MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, LILACS, and the Brazilian Dentistry Bibliography (1966- 2007). Inclusion criteria were: the article had to be an SR (+/- meta-analysis); primary focus was the use of laser in restorative dentistry; published in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, German. Two investigators independently selected and evaluated the SRs. The overview quality assessment questionnaire (OQAQ) was used to evaluate methodological quality, and the results were averaged. There were 145 references identified, of which seven were SRs that met the inclusion criteria (kappa=0.81). Of the SRs, 71.4% appraised lasers in dental caries diagnosis. The mean overall OQAQ score was 4.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4- 6.5]. Of the SRs, 57.1% had major flaws, scoring < or = 4. SR methodological quality is low; therefore, clinicians should critically appraise them prior to considering their recommendations to guide patient care.

Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction: Since photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) favors in vitro mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) preconditioning before MSC transplantation, increasing the proliferation of these cells without molecular injuries by conserving their characteristics, in the present in vitro study we analyzed the effect of PBMT on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). Methods: Irradiation with an InGaAIP Laser (660 nm, 10 mW, 2.5 J/cm2 , 0.08 cm2 spot size, and 10 s) was carried out. The cells were divided into four groups: CONTROL [cells grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)], OSTEO (cells grown in an osteogenic medium); PBMT (cells grown in DMEM+PBMT), and OSTEO+PBMT (cells grown in an osteogenic medium plus PBMT). The cell proliferation curve was obtained over periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Osteogenic differentiation was analyzed by the formation of calcium nodules over periods of 7, 14 and 21 days. Morphometric analysis was performed to quantify the total area of nodular calcification. Results: The highest cell proliferation and cell differentiation occurred in the OSTEO+PBMT group, followed by the PBMT, OSTEO and CONTROL groups respectively, at the observed times (P <0.05). Conclusion: PBMT enhanced the osteogenic proliferation and the differentiation of hUCMSCs during the periods tested, without causing damage to the cells and preserving their specific characteristics, a fact that may represent an innovative pretreatment in the application of stem cells.

Physicomechanical and thermal analysis of bulk-fill and conventional composites.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) and the thermal stability of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins. Eleven composite resin samples were prepared to evaluate the DC, Vickers microhardness (VMH), mass and residue/particle loss, glass transition temperature (Tg), enthalpy, and linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microdurometer analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dilatometry (DIL). The data were subjected to statistical analysis, with a significance level of 95%. DC and VMH were not influenced by the polymerized side of the sample, and statistical differences were recorded only among the materials. Decomposition temperature, melting, and mass and residue loss were dependent on the material and on the evaluation condition (polymerized and non-polymerized). Tg values were similar between the composites, without statistically significant difference, and CTE ranged from 10.5 to 37.1 (10-6/°C), with no statistical difference between the materials. There was a moderate negative correlation between CTE and the % of load particles, by weight. Most resins had a DC above that which is reported in the literature. TGA, Tg, and CTE analyses showed the thermal behavior of the evaluated composites, providing data for future research, assisting with the choice of material for direct or semidirect restorations, and helping choose the appropriate temperature for increasing the DC of such materials.

Does ferrule thickness influence resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth?

BACKGROUND: Teeth with severe crown destruction and endodontically treated may or may not present a circular strip of dental tissue located in the cervical region called ferrule. AIMS: The aims of this study were to evaluate ferrule thickness influence on endodontically treated teeth (ETT) resistance to fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 bovine incisor teeth were selected, endodontically treated and randomly distributed, according to the ferrule thickness: G1- no ferrule, G2 - 1 mm, and G3 - 2 mm. All the teeth were restored with prefabricated posts and composite resin. Resistance to fracture was established as the compression strength at 45° tilt at the lingual surface of the crown. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS: Resistance to fracture of G1 and G2 were significantly higher than that of G3 (P < 0.001). The pattern of fracture, common to all groups, occurred at the composite resin on the coronary portions. CONCLUSION: Ferrule thickness can influence the resistance to fracture of ETT.

Physicomechanical characterization and biological evaluation of bulk-fill composite resin.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect, degree of conversion (% DC), Vickers hardness (VH), and surface morphology of composite resins. Eleven resins, nine bulk-fill resins, and two conventional resins were evaluated. Each material was sampled to evaluate DC (using FTIR), VH, cytotoxicity (using MTT and Neutral Red - NR test), surface morphology (using SEM and AFM), and organic filler (using EDS). All statistical tests were performed with SPSS and the level of significance was set at 0.05. MTT revealed that the materials presented low or no cytotoxic potential in relation to the control. Opus was the resin with the lowest cell viability at a 1:2 concentration at 72 h (32%) and at 7 days (43%), but that significantly increased when the NR test was applied at a 1:2 concentration after 7 days. Thickness and surface subjected to polymerization had no influence on DC, and differences were observed only between the materials. In the microhardness test, statistical differences were observed between the evaluated thicknesses. The bulk-fill resins analyzed in this study exhibited low and/or no cytotoxicity to L929 cells, except for Opus, which showed moderate cytotoxicity according to the MTT assay. When the NR test was used, results were not satisfactory for all composites, indicating the need for different methodologies to evaluate the properties of these materials. The assessed resins demonstrated acceptable physicomechanical properties.

Universal cements: dual activated and chemically activated.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the bond strength of universal cements cured either dually or chemically only. Methods: Three cements were assessed using different types of application: dual activated (DA) or chemically activated (CA). In total 80 dentin blocks were used, obtained through the enamel wear of the lingual and buccal surfaces of bovine incisors. Standard cone-shaped cavity preparations were created using diamond burs. Subsequently, indirect restoration blocks were designed with Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE) composite resin. The teeth were divided into two groups (DA and CA) and then subdivided into four subgroups (n = 10) prior to cementation with the respective products: Duo-Link (Bisco); RelyX Ultimate (3M ESPE); Nexus 3 (Kerr) and conventional RelyX ARC (3M ESPE) as the control. The cementation in the PA group was applied following the manufacturer's instructions. The CA group was cemented in a darkroom to avoid exposure to light. They were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h and submitted to the push-out test. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p < .05). Results: The greatest bond strength results were obtained for photoactivated universal cements. Conclusion: Chemical activation is not sufficient to ensure acceptable bond strength.

Pre-treating dentin with chlorhexadine and CPP-ACP: self-etching and universal adhesive systems.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of pre-treating dentin with chlorhexidine, at concentrations of 0.2% and 2%, and remineralizing paste containing CPP-ACP (MI Paste - GC) on the bond strength of adhesive systems. Material and methods: In total, 80 slides of dentin were used. These slides were 2 mm thick and were obtained from bovine incisors. Standard cavities were created using diamond bur number 3131. In the control groups, a Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SUA) self-etching adhesive system of 3M ESPE and a Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) adhesive system of Kuraray were applied, following the manufacturer's instructions. In the other groups, dentin was pretreated with chlorhexidine (0.2% and 2%) for 1 min and with MI Paste for 3 min. The cavities were restored with Z350 XT resin (3M ESPE). After 24 h of storage, the push-out test was applied at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. Results: The different dentin pretreatment techniques did not affect the intra-adhesive bond strength. There was a difference between treatment with MI Paste and chlorhexidine 0.2% in favor of the SUA, with values of 15.22 and 20.25 Mpa, respectively. Conclusions: The different pretreatment methods did not alter the immediate bond strength to dentin. Differences were only recorded when comparing the adhesives.