RESUMO
The male breast is affected by a broad spectrum of conditions, ranging from benign to malignant, many of which are similar to those occurring in its female counterpart. Despite the challenge motivated by different imaging characteristic features, correct imaging interpretation in male breast disease may aid at differentiation between benign and suspected conditions, narrow the differential diagnosis and guide subsequent management. The purpose of this review is to showcase a wide array of male breast diseases, discuss their imaging presentations and key features for diagnosis.
Assuntos
Doenças Mamárias , Neoplasias da Mama , Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Mamárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mamografia , Ultrassonografia MamáriaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Gallbladder cancer, which is characterized by rapid progression and a poor prognosis, is a complex disease to treat. Unfortunately, little is known currently about its etiology or pathogenesis. A better understanding of its carcinogenesis and determining risk factors that lead to its development could help improve the available treatment options. METHOD: Based on this better understanding, the histological alterations (such as acute cholecystitis, adenomyomatosis, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, polyps, pyloric metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, cancer and others) in gallbladders from 1,689 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystolithiasis were analyzed. The association of these gallbladder histological alterations with clinical data was studied. RESULTS: Gender analysis revealed a greater incidence of inflammatory changes in males, while dysplasia and cancer were only found in women. The incidence of cholesterolosis was greater in the patients 60 years of age and under, and the incidence of adenomyomatosis and gangrene was greater in the elderly patients. A progressive increase in the average age was observed as alterations progressed through pyloric metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and then cancer, suggesting that the metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence may occur in gallbladder cancer. Gallbladder histological alterations were also observed in asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that there could be an association between some histological alterations of gallbladder and cancer, and they also suggest that the metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence could in fact be true in the case of gallbladder cancer. Nevertheless, further studies directed towards a perfect understanding of gallbladder carcinogenesis are required.
Assuntos
Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mucinous component is associated with distinct clinical and pathological features and poor survival in colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in outcomes of patients with mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma according to the type of mucin expressed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed in all tumors of patients who underwent radical surgery between 1998 and 2003 with mucinous colorectal cancer using antibodies against MUC1, 2, and 5. Correlation between immunoexpression and clinical, pathological features and survival was performed. RESULTS: Of the 418 patients treated in this period, only 35 had a mucinous adenocarcinoma. Of these, 25 were positive for 1 or more mucin expression. MUC2 expression correlated with tumor site and depth of penetration, while MUC5 expression correlated to tumor site. Overall survival was significantly worse for patients with MUC2 expression, and disease-free survival was significantly worse for patients with MUC1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Mucin expression may have significant correlation to specific clinical-pathological features and survival of patients with mucinous-type colorectal adenocarcinoma. These differences may reflect distinct molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis of mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Mucinas/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Gallbladder cancer, which is characterized by rapid progression and a poor prognosis, is a complex disease to treat. Unfortunately, little is known currently about its etiology or pathogenesis. A better understanding of its carcinogenesis and determining risk factors that lead to its development could help improve the available treatment options. METHOD: Based on this better understanding, the histological alterations (such as acute cholecystitis, adenomyomatosis, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, polyps, pyloric metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, cancer and others) in gallbladders from 1,689 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystolithiasis were analyzed. The association of these gallbladder histological alterations with clinical data was studied. RESULTS: Gender analysis revealed a greater incidence of inflammatory changes in males, while dysplasia and cancer were only found in women. The incidence of cholesterolosis was greater in the patients 60 years of age and under, and the incidence of adenomyomatosis and gangrene was greater in the elderly patients. A progressive increase in the average age was observed as alterations progressed through pyloric metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and then cancer, suggesting that the metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence may occur in gallbladder cancer. Gallbladder histological alterations were also observed in asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that there could be an association between some histological alterations of gallbladder and cancer, and they also suggest that the metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence could in fact be true in the case of gallbladder cancer. Nevertheless, further studies directed towards a perfect understanding of gallbladder carcinogenesis are required.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica , Progressão da Doença , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introdução: A excisão total do mesorreto teve grande impacto na diminuição dastaxas de recidiva local no câncer retal. Entretanto o número e a distribuição de linfonodos pelomesorreto permanecem controversos. Estudos indicaram maior prevalência de linfonodos noterço posterior médio e dois terços superiores do mesorreto. Para confirmar a baixa freqüênciade linfonodos distais realizamos estudo em cadáveres com maior número de corpos. Métodos:Realizamos uma excisão total do mesorreto por incisão abdominal mediana em 18 cadáveresfrescos. Dividimos o mesorreto em duas porções laterais e um posterior, e definimos 3 níveisde proximal a distal. Após dissecção dos linfonodos sem solução de limpeza específica, aconfirmação histológica e a determinação de localização e tamanho dos linfonodos foi realizada.Resultados: Em média, encontramos 5.0±3.7 LN/peça, com tamanho de 3.0±2.7mm...
Introduction: Standardization of TME had a great impact on decreasing localrecurrence rates for the treatment of rectal cancer. However, number and distribution of lymph nodes along the mesorectum remains controversial. In order to confirm lower frequency ofdistal lymph nodes in the mesorectum we performed a cadaveric study. Patients and Methods: 18 fresh cadavers were included in the study. The rectum was removed along with total mesorectal excision by an abdominal median incision...