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1.
Conscious Cogn ; 115: 103579, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37776599

RESUMO

For a growing number of researchers, it is now accepted that the brain is a predictive organ that predicts the content of the sensorium and crucially the precision of-or confidence in-its own predictions. In order to predict the precision of its predictions, the brain has to infer the reliability of its own beliefs. This means that our brains have to recognise the precision of their predictions or, at least, their accuracy. In this paper, we argue that fluency is product of this recognition process. In short, to recognise fluency is to infer that we have a precise 'grip' on the unfolding processes that generate our sensations. More specifically, we propose that it is changes in fluency - from unfelt to felt - that are both recognised and realised when updating predictions about precision. Unfelt fluency orients attention to unpredicted sensations, while felt fluency supervenes on-and contextualises-unfelt fluency; thereby rendering certain attentional processes, phenomenologically opaque. As such, fluency underwrites the precision we place in our predictions and therefore acts upon our perceptual inferences. Hence, the causes of conscious subjective inference have unconscious perceptual precursors.


Assuntos
Encéfalo , Reconhecimento Psicológico , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Emoções , Sensação
2.
Mem Cognit ; 51(2): 336-348, 2023 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36223004

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that motor fluency should help the integration of the components of the trace and therefore its re-construction. In the encoding phase of each of the three experiments we conducted, a word to be remembered appeared colored in blue or purple. Participants had to read these words aloud and, at the same time, execute a gesture in their ipsilateral (fluent gesture) or contralateral space (non-fluent gesture), according to the color of the word. The aim of the first experiment was to show that the words associated with a fluent gesture during the encoding phase were more easily recognized than those associated with a non-fluent gesture. The results obtained supported the hypothesis. In the second experiment, our objective was to show that the fluency of a gesture performed during encoding in order to associate a word with a color can facilitate the integration of the word with its color. Here again, the results obtained supported the hypothesis. While in Experiment 2 we tested the effect of motor fluency during encoding on word-color integration, the objective of Experiment 3 was to show that motor fluency was integrated in the word-color trace and contributed to the re-construction of the trace. The results obtained supported the hypothesis. Taken together, these findings lead us to believe that traces are not only traces of the processes that gave rise to them, but also traces of the way in which the processes took place.


Assuntos
Gestos , Rememoração Mental , Humanos
3.
Psychol Res ; 86(3): 667-684, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34100965

RESUMO

Merely seeing large objects (e.g., apples) potentiates power grip whereas seeing small objects (e.g., strawberries) potentiates precision grip. According to the embodied cognition account, this potentiation effect reflects automatic access to object representation, including the grip usually associated with the object. Alternatively, this effect might be due to an overlap between magnitude codes used to code manipulable objects and magnitude codes used to code responses outcomes. In Experiment 1, participants saw objects usually grasped with a power or precision grip and had to press keys either with their forefinger or with their palm, each response generating a low or high tone (i.e., a large vs. small perceptual outcome, respectively). Tones were automatically delivered by headphones after the responses have been made in line with the ideomotor theories according to which voluntary actions are carried out due to the anticipation of their outcomes. Consistent with the magnitude-coding hypothesis, response times were shorter when the object and the anticipated response outcome were of the same magnitude than when they were not. These results were also consistent with a between-experiment analysis. In Experiments 2 and 3, we investigated to what extent removing or switching the outcomes during the experiment influence the potentiation effect. Our results support that the potentiation effect of grasping behaviours could be due to the compatibility between magnitude codes rather than to the involvement of motor representations. Our results also suggest a spontaneous use of the magnitude of response outcomes to code responses, as well as the flexibility of this coding processes when responses outcomes are altered.


Assuntos
Desempenho Psicomotor , Percepção Visual , Mãos/fisiologia , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Humanos , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Percepção Visual/fisiologia
4.
Psychol Res ; 85(4): 1673-1684, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32279095

RESUMO

Classically investigated in the context of judgment tasks about achievable actions, affordances have also been investigated in the context of the stimulus-response compatibility paradigm. Earlier work showed that perceptual categorization performance is significantly faster and more accurate when the orientation of the graspable part of a presented object, and the orientation of the participant's response are compatible, suggesting that the main function of affordances is restricted to action preparation. Here, we investigate the potential role of affordances in the categorization of ambiguous stimuli through a stimulus-response compatibility paradigm. In other words, we investigate if in ambiguous situations, such as ones in which a stimulus may give rise to two percepts, affordances would stabilize perception on one of these two and, therefore, helps in the subsequent categorizations. Two experiments were run, based on the forced-choice stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) paradigm, with a progressive series of ambiguous (bistable) lateral-graspable objects. In Experiment 1, subjects responded by pressing horizontally opposite keyboard keys, while in Experiment 2, the keyboard keys were vertically separated. Experiment 1 found that subjects perceived the initial object in a bistable series for longer, and exhibited greater response stability in compatible than incompatible situations. In Experiment 2, none of these modulations were significant. Overall, our results show that affordances operationalized through a SRC paradigm modulated how subjects categorized ambiguous stimuli. We argue that affordances may play a substantial role in ambiguous contexts by reducing the uncertainty of such situations.


Assuntos
Força da Mão/fisiologia , Orientação Espacial/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Adulto , Percepção de Forma , Humanos , Julgamento , Masculino , Rotação , Incerteza
5.
Exp Brain Res ; 236(4): 1219-1223, 2018 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29411082

RESUMO

According to the ideomotor theory, action selection is done by the mental anticipation of its perceptual consequences. If the distal information processed mainly by vision and hearing are considered essential for the representation of the action, the proximal information processed by the sense of touch and proprioception is of less importance. Recent works seem to show the opposite. Nevertheless, it is necessary to complete these results by offering a situation, more ecological, where response and effect can occur on the same effector. So, the goal of our work was to implement a more relevant spatial correspondence because to touch is not the same action that to hear or to see. To do so, participants pressed a specific key after the presentation of a stimulus. The key vibrated depending on the pressure exerted on it. In a compatible condition, high pressure on a key triggered a high vibration, while in an incompatible condition high pressure triggered a low vibration on the same effectors. As expected, the response times were faster in the compatible condition than the incompatible condition. This means that proximal information participates actively in the selection of action.


Assuntos
Propriocepção/fisiologia , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Tato/fisiologia , Vibração , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Motivação/fisiologia , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia
6.
Dev Med Child Neurol ; 60(10): 1045-1051, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29624666

RESUMO

AIM: To disentangle the respective impacts of manual dexterity and cerebral palsy (CP) in cognitive functioning after neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke. METHOD: The population included 60 children (21 females, 39 males) with neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke but not epilepsy. The presence of CP was assessed clinically at the age of 7 years and 2 months (range 6y 11mo-7y 8mo) using the definition of the Surveillance of CP in Europe network. Standardized tests (Nine-Hole Peg Test and Box and Blocks Test) were used to quantify manual (finger and hand respectively) dexterity. General cognitive functioning was evaluated with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition. Simple and multiple linear regression models were performed while controlling for socio-economic status, lesion side, and sex. RESULTS: Fifteen children were diagnosed with CP. In simple regression models, both manual dexterity and CP were associated with cognitive functioning (ß=0.41 [p=0.002] and ß=0.31 [p=0.019] respectively). However, in multiple regression models, manual dexterity was the only associated variable of cognitive functioning, whether or not a child had CP (ß=0.35; p=0.007). This result was reproduced in models with other covariables (ß=0.31; p=0.017). INTERPRETATION: As observed in typically developing children, manual dexterity is related to cognitive functioning in children having suffered a focal brain insult during the neonatal period. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Manual dexterity predicts cognitive functioning after neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke. Correlations between manual dexterity and cognitive functioning occur irrespective of sex, lesion side, presence of cerebral palsy, and socio-economic status. Residual motor ability may support cognitive functioning.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/psicologia , Paralisia Cerebral/complicações , Cognição , Destreza Motora , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Paralisia Cerebral/diagnóstico , Paralisia Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Paralisia Cerebral/psicologia , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Lateralidade Funcional , Mãos/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia
7.
Perception ; 46(10): 1194-1201, 2017 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28625081

RESUMO

Size perception is known to influence our usual interactions with environment. Numerous studies highlighted that during the visual presentation of an object, the properties of manual actions vary as a function of this object's size. In order to better understand the dynamic variations of relationships between size perception and action, we used an experimental paradigm consisting in two phases. During a previous implicit learning phase, a manual response (right or left) was specifically associated with the appearance of a large or small stimulus. During further test phase, participants were required to prepare a response while discriminating the color of a stimulus (GO/No GO task). We observed that the response execution was faster when the size of the stimulus was congruent with the size that had been associated to this response (during implicit learning phase). These results suggest that when a response usually co-occurs with visual stimuli characterized by a specific size pattern, the response and the size pattern become integrated. Any subsequent preparation and execution of this action are therefore influenced by the reactivation of this visual pattern. This result brings out new insights on how sensorimotor interactions may modulate the ability to anticipate perceptive size variations in the environment.


Assuntos
Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia , Prática Psicológica , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Percepção de Tamanho/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
8.
Psychol Res ; 81(4): 795-805, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27417215

RESUMO

The concept of motor fluency, defined as the positive marking associated with the easy realisation of a movement, is used to explain the various compatibility effects observed between emotional valence and lateral space. In this work, we propose that these effects arise from the motor fluency simulation induced by emotionally positive stimuli. In a perceptual line bisection task (Landmark task) we primed each trial with an emotionally positive word, negative word, neutral word or no word before asking participants to verbally indicate the side of the vertical mark on the horizontal line (Experiment 1) or to indicate the longest side of the line (Experiment 2). After positive words and for bisected lines, participants' responses were biased towards their dominant side for both right- and left-handers and similarly under the two different instructions. As movements of the dominant hand or in the dominant hemispace have been described as the most fluent lateral actions, this result supports our hypothesis that positive stimuli induce a mental simulation of fluent lateral movements. Furthermore, the replication of the effect under opposite instructions between the two experiments is in line with an explanation in terms of a bias in response selection rather than variations in perceptual content.


Assuntos
Viés , Formação de Conceito/fisiologia , Emoções/fisiologia , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Julgamento/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
9.
Int J Psychol ; 51(5): 397-402, 2016 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27585735

RESUMO

Embodied approaches of cognition argue that retrieval involves the re-enactment of both sensory and motor components of the desired remembering. In this study, we investigated the effect of motor action performed to produce the response in a recognition task when this action is compatible with the affordance of the objects that have to be recognised. In our experiment, participants were first asked to learn a list of words referring to graspable objects, and then told to make recognition judgements on pictures. The pictures represented objects where the graspable part was either pointing to the same or to the opposite side of the "Yes" response key. Results show a robust effect of compatibility between objects affordance and response hand. Moreover, this compatibility improves participants' ability of discrimination, suggesting that motor components are relevant cue for memory judgement at the stage of retrieval in a recognition task. More broadly, our data highlight that memory judgements are a function of motor components mappings at the stage of retrieval.


Assuntos
Julgamento/fisiologia , Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Adolescente , Cognição/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Adulto Jovem
10.
Psychol Res ; 79(4): 678-86, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25081346

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to show that sensory-motor consequences of past actions form part of memory trace components cued by current experience. In a first task participants had to learn a list of words. Then in a guessing task they played against the computer. Finally, in a recognition task, they had to judge if the words were or were not present in the learning task. Words appeared either in the colour associated with success or failure in the guessing task, or in a non-informative colour. In the first experiment, results show that when the words to be judged were in the colour associated with success, participants answered faster and produced more "old" responses than when the words to be judged were in the colour associated with failure in the previous task. Moreover, when the words to be judged were in the colour associated with failure, participants were slower and produced less "old" responses than when the words were in a colour not informative of success or failure. The second experiment confirms that the results obtained in Experiment 1 were linked to the sensory-motor consequences of past actions associated with the colour and not to the colour itself.


Assuntos
Associação , Percepção de Cores/fisiologia , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
11.
Cogn Emot ; 29(3): 442-59, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24856581

RESUMO

We investigated the moderating impact of the personality construct alexithymia on the ability of younger and older adults to control the recall of negative and neutral material. We conducted two experiments using the directed forgetting paradigm with younger and older adults. Participants studied negative (Experiment 1) or neutral (Experiment 2) words. Participants were instructed to forget the first half and remember the second half of an entire list of words. Overall, we found that alexithymia impairs the ability of both younger and older adults to cognitively control negative material (through both recall and inhibition). The "externally oriented thinking" factor of alexithymia appears to play a particularly pertinent role in terms of inhibiting negative material. Furthermore, older adults recalled fewer sought after negative items, but this was not evident in terms of inhibition. In contrast, only age (older adults) negatively impacted the recall of sought after neutral items. Interestingly, alexithymia had the opposite effect: the "difficulty in identifying emotions" factor of alexithymia was associated with an increased recall of neutral items. We discuss these results in terms of alexithymia and its impact on cognitive control.


Assuntos
Sintomas Afetivos/psicologia , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Cognição , Emoções , Rememoração Mental , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Inibição Psicológica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
12.
Psychooncology ; 23(4): 444-51, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24150929

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine factors contributing to cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in breast cancer patients who have undergone surgery. METHODS: Sixty women (mean age: 50.0) completed self-rated questionnaires assessing components of CRF, muscular and cognitive functions. Also, physiological and subjective data were gathered. Data were analyzed using partial least squares variance-based structural equation modeling in order to examine factors contributing to CRF after breast surgery. RESULTS: The tested model was robust in terms of its measurement quality (reliability and validity). According to the structural model results, emotional distress (ß = 0.59; p < 0.001), pain (ß = 0.23; p < 0.05), and altered vigilance (ß = 0.30; p < 0.05) were associated with CRF, accounting for 61% of the explained variance. Also, emotional distress (ß = 0.41; p < 0.05) and pain (ß = 0.40; p < 0.05) were related to low physical function and accounted for 41% of the explained variance. However, the relationship between low physical function and CRF was weak and nonsignificant (ß = 0.01; p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Emotional distress, altered vigilance capacity, and pain are associated with CRF in postsurgical breast cancer. In addition, emotional distress and pain are related to diminished physical function, which, in turn, has no significant impact on CRF. The current model should be examined in subsequent phases of the treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) when side effects are more pronounced and may lead to increased intensity of CRF and low physical function.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Cognição/fisiologia , Fadiga/fisiopatologia , Dor/fisiopatologia , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Nível de Alerta , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Neoplasias da Mama/fisiopatologia , Fadiga/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Mastectomia , Mastectomia Segmentar , Memória de Curto Prazo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Dor/complicações , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Inquéritos e Questionários
13.
Cogn Process ; 14(1): 19-29, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23053840

RESUMO

Studies and models have suggested that color perception first involves access to semantic representations of color. This result leads to two questions: (1) is knowledge able to influence the perception of color when associated with a color? and (2) can the perception of color really involve only semantic representations? We developed an experiment where participants have to discriminate the color of a patch (yellow vs. green). The target patch is preceded either by a black-and-white line drawing or by a word representing a natural object associated with the same or a different color (banana vs. frog). We expected a priming effect for pictures because, with a 350-ms SOA, they only involve access to semantic representations of color, whereas words seem only elicit an access to lexical representations. As expected, we found a priming effect for pictures, but also for words. Moreover, we found a general slowdown of response times in the word-prime-condition suggesting the need of an additional processing step to produce priming. In a second experiment, we manipulated the SOA in order to preclude a semantic access in the word-prime-condition that could explain the additional step of processing. We also found a priming effect, suggesting that interaction with perception occurs at a lexical level and the additional step occurs at a color perception level. In the discussion, we develop a new model of color perception assuming that color perception involves access to semantic representations and then access to lexical representations.


Assuntos
Percepção de Cores/fisiologia , Priming de Repetição/fisiologia , Semântica , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Psicolinguística/métodos , Processamento de Texto , Adulto Jovem
14.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) ; 76(2): 350-360, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35212242

RESUMO

Spatial attention can be captured automatically by an exogenous stimulus (e.g., digital interruption) or by an endogenous stimulus (e.g., valence of the stimulus). In this study, we investigated whether a non-perceptual characteristic (e.g., sense of fluency) has an impact on attention. To this end, we used the conceptual fluency paradigm developed by Whittlesea combined with the dot-probe task developed by MacLeod et al. In three experiments, we measured the response times for each experimental situation (i.e., Valid and Non-valid situations). At each trial, participants were presented in three consecutive displays on a screen: (1) an incomplete and predictive sentence stem; (2) a pair of words, one of which was semantically compatible with the previous sentence stem; and (3) a circle appeared at the spatial location of one of the words. Then, participants had to perform a Go (i.e., a filled circle) and No-go (i.e., an empty circle) task. The analysis found that response times were significantly faster when the Go stimulus appeared at the same location as the semantically compatible word (i.e., Valid situations). Overall, our results show that the sense of fluency triggers attentional capture. Thus, they replicate those of Gardner et al. using another experimental paradigm. Our finding might be helpful to better understand the consequences of digital interruptions on behavioural performance.


Assuntos
Viés de Atenção , Humanos , Atenção/fisiologia , Tempo de Reação , Idioma
15.
Cogn Neuropsychiatry ; 17(1): 19-35, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21707472

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cognitive deficits are commonly reported in schizophrenia and have a significant impact on the daily life of patients and on their social and work inclusion. Cognitive remediation therapies (CRT) may enhance the capabilities of schizophrenia patients. Although social and work integration is the ultimate goal of CRT, previous studies have failed to carry out a detailed assessment of the effects on everyday life. METHODS: Fifty-nine schizophrenia patients were randomised into two groups (remediation or usual treatment) to test the effects of a new remediation programme, which included both rehearsal and strategy learning, on cognitive functions. An ecological test was used to evaluate its transfer to daily living skills. RESULTS: Cognitive improvements are revealed in CRT patients, mainly in memory and executive functions. Patients showing some deficiencies to perform the ecological test had better scores after the CRT. Moreover, they significantly improve their social activity scores. CONCLUSIONS: CRT would facilitate mental load monitoring by enhancing or reallocating cognitive resources, facilitating the patient's organisation and autonomy. The rehearsal learning approach improves the ability to carry out automatic operations that are less demanding in terms of cognitive resources, thereby increasing the resources available for acquisition and efficient use of strategies provided during the strategy learning approach.


Assuntos
Cognição/fisiologia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Adulto , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Atenção/fisiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Escolaridade , Função Executiva , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Inteligência , Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Esquizofrenia/reabilitação , Comportamento Social , Terapia Assistida por Computador
16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32762528

RESUMO

This work is rooted in the embodied cognition paradigm applied to the evaluation of visuospatial memory span. We aimed to test whether manuospatial incompatibility affects the evaluation of visuospatial working memory. Older and younger participants were tested under two different spatial field conditions, namely manuospatial incompatibility and manuospatial compatibility, using the standard Corsi Block Tapping Task. The results show that a manuospatial compatibility condition helped both younger and older participants to increase their visuospatial working memory span compared to the traditional manuospatial incompatibility condition. By analyzing the data, our results showed an increase of visuospatial memory span in manuospatial compatibility condition (i.e., the experimenter using his left hand and the participant his right hand) compared to manuospatial incompatibility condition for younger and older adults. We recommend that the interaction between body and cognition would be taken into account in clinical evaluation methods.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Percepção Espacial/fisiologia , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
17.
Exp Psychol ; 68(1): 18-31, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34109806

RESUMO

According to the embodied approach of language, concepts are grounded in sensorimotor mental states, and when we process language, the brain simulates some of the perceptions and actions that are involved when interacting with real objects. Moreover, several studies have highlighted that cognitive performances are dependent on the overlap between the motor action simulated and the motor action required by the task. On the other hand, in the field of memory, the role of action is under debate. The aim of this work was to show that performing an action at the stage of retrieval influences memory performance in a recognition task (experiment 1) and a cued recall task (experiment 2), even if the participants were never instructed to consider the implied action. The results highlighted an action-based memory effect at the retrieval stage. These findings contribute to the debate about the implication of motor system in action verb processing and its role for memory.


Assuntos
Memória/fisiologia , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Idioma , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
18.
Front Psychol ; 12: 607035, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34335350

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Individuals with brain injuries experience cognitive and emotional changes that have long-lasting impacts on everyday life. In the context of rehabilitation, surveys have stressed the importance of compensating for memory disturbances to ease the impact of disorders on day-to-day autonomy. Despite extensive research on the nature of neurocognitive impairments following brain injury, few studies have looked at patients' perceptions of these day-to-day compensations. This study examines these perceptions; in particular, what brain-injured people believe they do to compensate for memory deficiencies in everyday life. It also investigates the determinants of reported compensation strategies (age, gender, perceived stress, change awareness and motivation to succeed). METHODS: Eighty patients and 80 controls completed the French Memory Compensation Questionnaire, a self-report measure of everyday memory compensation. Five forms of compensation were investigated: External and Internal strategies, Reliance on social help, and investments in Time and Effort, along with two general factors: the degree of importance attached to Success (motivation) and perceptions of Change. Participants also completed measures of demographic and emotional aspects that may affect everyday compensation perceptions. RESULTS: The brain-injured group reported significantly more frequent use of memory compensation strategies than controls, with the exception of External aids. Large effects were observed for Reliance and Effort. Demographic, motivation and perception of change determinants were found to have different effects depending on the compensation strategy, and mediated the direct effect of brain injury on reported compensation. CONCLUSION: Clinical and rehabilitation neuropsychologists often seek to have a better sense of how their patients perceive their compensatory behaviors. In practice, such an understanding is needed to help select appropriate methods and improve the long-term impact of rehabilitation programs: memory rehabilitation will fail if neuropsychologists do not deal, first and foremost, with the emotional and metacognitive issues surrounding traumatic brain injury (TBI), rather than focusing on cognitive efficiency.

19.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) ; 73(9): 1360-1367, 2020 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32075495

RESUMO

A previous study on ideomotor action control showed that predictable action effects in the agent's environment influenced how an action is carried out. If participants were required to perform a forceful keypress, they exerted more force when these actions would produce a quiet compared to a loud tone, and this observation suggests that anticipated proprioceptive and auditory action effects are integrated with each other during action planning and control. In light of the typically weak influence of body-related effect found in recent work, we aimed to extend this pattern of results to the intra-modal case of integrating proprioceptive/tactile feedback of a movement and following vibro-tactile effects. Our results suggest that the same weighted integration process as for the cross-modal case applies to the intra-modal case. These observations support the idea of a common mechanism which binds all action-related features in an integrated action representation, irrespective of whether these features relate to exafferent or reafferent signals.


Assuntos
Retroalimentação Sensorial , Movimento/fisiologia , Propriocepção , Tato , Atenção , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
20.
Psychiatry Res ; 173(3): 170-6, 2009 Sep 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19643585

RESUMO

Schizophrenia patients show some deficits in executive processes (impaired behavioural performance and abnormal brain functioning). The aim of this study is to explore the brain activity of schizophrenia patients during different inhibitory tasks. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate to investigate the restraint and deletion aspects of inhibition in 19 patients with schizophrenia and 12 normal subjects during the performance of the Hayling and the N-back tasks. The patients demonstrated impaired performance (more errors and longer reaction times) in the Hayling task. Schizophrenia subjects activated the same fronto-parietal network as the control subjects but demonstrated stronger parietal activations. For the N-back task, the deficit shown by the patients was limited to the number of target omissions. The reaction times and the number of false alarms did not differ in the two groups. We interpret this pattern of deficit as an alteration of working memory processes (and unaltered inhibition). Schizophrenia subjects showed higher activations in a fronto-parietal network. Since schizophrenia patients reached normal inhibitory performances in the N-back task and not in the Hayling task, the frontal hyperactivation may reflect an increased effort or a compensatory mechanism that facilitates the performance of executive tasks. During the Hayling task, this frontal hyperactivation was not achieved, and its absence was associated with a performance deficit relative to the performance of normal subjects.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Resolução de Problemas/fisiologia , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Mapeamento Encefálico , Transtornos Cognitivos/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Oxigênio/sangue , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Adulto Jovem
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