Prevalence, Characteristics and Distribution of Odontogenic Cysts amongst the Indian Subpopulation of Southern Rajasthan: A 5-year Retrospective Study of 218 Cysts.

BACKGROUND: Odontogenic cysts (OCs) arise from the odontogenic epithelium and occur in the tooth-bearing regions of the jaws. Proliferation and/or degeneration of this epithelium lead to OC development. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, characteristics, distribution and clinicopathological features of OCs and compare with other studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of OCs were retrieved, and patient's data, aetiology, clinical features, histopathological distribution, treatment, complications and recurrence were studied. RESULTS: A total of 218 OCs were studied in 200 patients. The mean age of patients was 35.74 years. The overall sex ratio (male: female) was 1.22:1. Second, third and fourth decades of life were commonly affected. The majority of the patients (85%) reported with a complaint of pain (with or without swelling). Radicular cyst was the most prevalent type (49.55%). The most common site involved was the anterior maxilla (41.75%). Dental complications such as displacement, mobility, discoloration and root resorption were diagnosed in 91 cysts (41.75%). Bony complications such as expansion and perforation were present in 136 cysts (62.38%). Dentition was non-vital in 61.46% of cysts. The most common treatment method performed was combination surgery (enucleation with or without endodontic treatment/extraction and apicoectomy). Recurrence rate was 3.20%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence, characteristics and distribution features of OCs in India are similar to those of studies conducted in other parts of the world. There is a broad spectrum of OCs, with some cysts having a propensity for certain age, gender and site, whereas a few cysts have distinct properties to recur and have aggressive and invasive behaviour.

Use of temporalis fascia as an interpositional arthroplasty in temporomandibular joint ankylosis: analysis of 8 cases.

PURPOSE: Different interpositional materials have been used to prevent recurrence after gap arthroplasty in temporomandibular joint ankylosis. In this study, the versatility of the temporalis fascia as an interpositional arthroplasty was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight cases of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis were evaluated, with a follow-up of 11 months to 6 years. RESULTS: Patients had a preoperative maximal interincisal opening of 1 to 9 mm (mean, 2.75 mm). During the last follow-up observation after surgery, patients had a maximum interincisal opening of 32 to 40 mm (mean, 36.5 mm). Deviation to the affected side was observed in all cases. Paresthesia or anesthesia of the temporal branch of facial nerve was absent in all cases. Periodic panoramic radiographs showed that the intra-articular space was well maintained because of interposed tissue, without signs of relapse. There were no signs of reankylosis in any patient. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study show that the temporalis fascia is a good alternative for interpositional arthroplasty.

Miniplate removal in operated cases of maxillofacial region in a dental institute in Rajasthan, India.

BACKGROUND: The long term management of miniplate fixation osteosynthesis remains debatable and controversial with few authors advocating routine removal of the miniplates after 3-6 months of placement, while others recommend retention of the miniplates unless their removal is clinically indicated. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the incidence, indications, time gap, role of metallic composition and site of removal of miniplates in operated cases of maxillofacial region over a two-year period. METHODS: Patients undergoing removal of miniplates over 2-year period were studied and evaluated regarding the number of miniplates removed, time gap present between fixation and removal of miniplates, indications for removal, metallic composition of miniplates removed, sites of removal and complications. Correlations between indications for miniplate removal based upon time gap, metallic composition, age group and number of miniplates present were determined using Chi-square test. Correlation between metallic composition of miniplate and time gap was also determined using Chi-square test. RESULTS: The miniplates were removed in 20 patients (16 males and 4 females). Most common indication for removal was infection (45%). Forty-five percent of the patients underwent miniplate removal within 1 year of placement. Thirty-four miniplates and 118 screws were removed. The correlation between indications for miniplate removal and time gap was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Most of the hardware removal is performed subsequent to complications associated with hardware and local factors play more important role than metallic composition. Routine asymptomatic miniplates do not require removal and is not recommended.

Prevalence, Characteristics, and Morphology of Supernumerary Teeth among Patients Visiting a Dental Institution in Rajasthan.

CONTEXT: Supernumerary teeth/tooth (ST) is a developmental anomaly of dentition. Variation in developmental and eruption pattern of ST can lead to the development of numerous complications in oral cavity. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence, characteristics, and morphology of ST among patients visiting a dental institution in Rajasthan, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During 1-year study, clinical examination of 9248 participants was performed. Morphology, type, location, number, position of eruption, state of eruption of ST, and associated complications were determined. Correlations between location of ST based on position of eruption, state of eruption, and associated complications were also determined using Chi-square test. RESULTS: The frequency of presence of ST in the studied population was 0.63% (58 participants). In these 58 participants, eighty-two supernumeraries were found. Forty-six participants (79.32%) presented with one ST. Males were more affected than females (2.05:1), and the maxilla was the most commonly affected region. Among 82 identified supernumeraries, we noted highest incidence of parapremolars (39.02%) and conical morphology (46.35%). The most common position of eruption was normal (68.30%) and most of these 82 teeth were erupted in oral cavity (57.31%). These ST have led to various endodontic, orthodontic, periodontal, and other complications in the studied population. The relation of varying complications with different location of supernumerary was found to be highly significant (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: ST are best detected and diagnosed by thorough clinical examination and radiographic investigation. Early detection and adequate treatment plan should eradicate the potential future complications caused by ST.