Adaptation of the Quality of Communication Questionnaire for Family Members and Its Validity Evidence for Use in Brazil.

Assessment of communication between physicians and patients' family members is essential to improving healthcare quality. To adapt the Quality of Communication Questionnaire (QoC) for family members and to analyze its validity evidence for use in Brazil. Data were collected between 2017 and 2019, with family members of patients in intensive care (IC) and palliative care (PC) from five public hospitals in the South Brazil. The QoC was adapted for family members for use in Brazil, and its cross-cultural adaptation was carried out. The clarity and cultural appropriateness of the pre-final version were evaluated by 30 family members of patients in IC. The final version was responded by 198 family members of patients. All items were considered clear, and appropriate to Brazilian culture. The goodness of fit index for proposed model had CFI 0.96 (CI95%: 0.94 - 0.98), TLI 0.95 (CI95%: 0.92 - 0.97), RMSEA 0.07 (CI90%: 0.06 - 0.08), and χ2/df 2.18. Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α) among family members of patients in PC was 0.88 for the general communication (first subscale) and 0.80 for the end-of-life communication (second subscale). However, among family members of patients in IC, α was 0.86 for the first subscale and only 0.53 for the second subscale. The QoC for family members and its cross-cultural adaptation were carried out successfully. It has strong validity evidence among those with loved ones in PC, but only the QoC general communication subscale has strong validity evidence among those with loved ones in IC.

Applying the Generalizability Theory to Identify the Sources of Validity Evidence for the Quality of Communication Questionnaire.

Effective doctor-patient-family communication is an integral and sensitive part of health care, assessing its quality is essential to identify aspects needing disclosure and, if necessary, improvement. Cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the sources of evidence of validity and the number of participants needed to reliably apply the Quality of Communication Questionnaire (QoC) through Generalizability Theory (GT). The mean age of the 150 patients hospitalized at the end of life was 50.5 (SD = 13.8) years, the mean hospital length of stay was 7.5 (SD = 10.2) days, 56.9% were male. Regarding the 105 patients' family members of patients whose mean length of hospital stay was 9.5 (SD = 9.1) days, their mean age was 42.2 (SD = 14.7) years, 69.5% were female. GT was used to quantify the minimum number of questionnaires needed, with the aim of reaching a reliable estimate of QoC with G-coefficients. To reach a reliability of .90, there is a need for 25 for the Eρ2 questionnaires and 35 for the Φ. The exact estimation identified the minimum number of questionnaires required for the evaluation of physicians by patients. To obtain a reliability of .90, there is a need for 30 and 40 questionnaires for the G-coefficients. A practical and fast application makes it possible to use QoC in its entirety or alone to evaluate general communication or communication about palliative care. Furthermore, based on these results, it was possible to identify which aspects were effective or ineffective in these contexts.

Quality of Communication Questionnaire for Patients Hospitalized in Intensive and Palliative Care: Validity Evidence for Use in Brazil.

The Quality of Communication Questionnaire (QoC) was culturally adapted for Brazil due to its importance and use in several studies and different scenarios. The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the QoC. A validation study was carried out involving 253 patients admitted to five public hospitals in Southern Brazil. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Cronbach's alpha (α) to assess internal consistency, exploratory factor analysis, and goodness-of-fit index. One hundred and three patients were in intensive care (IC), and 150 were in palliative care (PC). The participants' mean age was 51 years (SD = 14.2). QoC,and its general communication subscale, and end-of-life communication subscale means were 5.5 (SD = 1.6), 8.8 (SD = 1.5), and 5.5 (SD = 1.6) respectively. Among patients in IC, QoC Cronbach's alpha was .75, and .84 in the general communication subscale and .51 in the end-of-life communication subscale. Among patients in PC, QoC Cronbach's alpha was .83, and .88 in the general communication subscale, and .71 in the end-of-life communication subscale. The root mean square error of approximation was .07 (90% CI: .04 - .08); Tucker-Lewis index was .97 (95% CI: .95 - .98); comparative fit index was .98 (95% CI: .97 - .99), and χ2/df ratio was 1.33 (χ2[53] = 70.858, p = .05). The authors conclude that the general communication subscale of QoC Brazilian version has good validity evidence for patients in IC and PC, whereas the end-of-life communication subscale is only valid for patient in PC.

Visceral leishmaniasis mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), or kala-azar, a serious disease resulting from a systemic infection caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, is potentially fatal to humans. According to data from Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Brazil's Information System for Notifiable Diseases) from 2015 to 2016, 6,489 new cases were recorded in Brazil in 22 of the 27 federative units. In addition to typical clinical findings, VL may be associated with autoimmune phenomena, including simulating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We present the first case of autochthonous VL mimicking SLE in Santa Catarina in southern Brazil.

Development of a new instrument to assess the quality of physicians' delivery of bad news / Desenvolvimento de um novo instrumento para avaliar a qualidade da comunicação de más notícias pelos médicos

Abstract: Introduction: Most instruments to assess physicians' delivery of bad news have been developed for patients with cancer and then adapted to other contexts. In clinical practice, some news may not be considered bad by the physicians but may have an important negative impact on the patients' life. Yet, instruments to assess this communication across diverse clinical settings are needed. Objective: To develop, from the patients' perspective, an instrument to assess how physicians deliver bad news in clinical practice. Method: This study was conducted using an exploratory qualitative approach by means of semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 109 patients from two referral hospitals in Brazil. Content analysis was used to generate categories, from which the initial instrument items were developed. The clarity and relevance of the items were evaluated by a committee of 11 medical professionals and 10 patients. Results: The instrument included items about the physicians' attitudes, such as attention, respect, and sincerity, as well as items about sharing information using language that patients could understand. The initial instrument had 19 items, answered in a 5-point Likert scale with labeled endpoints. After evaluation by the committee of judges, 2 items were modified, and 3 were excluded. The final instrument thus had 16 items. Conclusion: A new 16-item instrument was developed from the patients' perspective to assess physicians' delivery of bad news. After additional validation, this instrument may be useful in real and diverse bad news settings in clinical practice.

Resumo: Introdução: A maioria dos instrumentos para avaliar a comunicação de más notícias pelos médicos foi desenvolvida para pacientes com câncer e adaptada a outros contextos. Na prática clínica, muitas notícias podem não ser consideradas tão ruins pelos médicos, mas possuem um impacto importante negativo na vida dos pacientes. Assim, ainda há a necessidade de instrumentos para avaliar essa comunicação nos diversos cenários clínicos. Objetivo: desenvolver, a partir da perspectiva dos pacientes, um instrumento para avaliar como os médicos comunicam más notícias na prática clínica. Método: o estudo foi realizado usando uma abordagem qualitativa exploratória, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade com 109 pacientes em dois hospitais de referência no Brasil. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para gerar categorias, a partir das quais os itens iniciais do instrumento foram desenvolvidos. A clareza e a relevância dos itens foram avaliadas por um comitê de 11 profissionais médicos e 10 pacientes. Resultados: O instrumento incluiu itens sobre as atitudes dos médicos como atenção, respeito e sinceridade e sobre o compartilhamento de informações compreensíveis na linguagem do paciente. O instrumento inicial foi composto por 19 itens, respondidos em uma escala-Likert de 5 pontos. Após avaliação do comitê de juízes, 2 itens foram modificados e 3 foram excluídos; ficando o instrumento final com 16 itens. Conclusão: um novo instrumento com 16 itens foi desenvolvido a partir da perspectiva dos pacientes para avaliar a comunicação de más notícias pelos médicos. Após validação adicional, este instrumento poderá ser útil em cenários reais e diversos de más notícias da prática clínica.

Visceral leishmaniasis mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), or kala-azar, a serious disease resulting from a systemic infection caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, is potentially fatal to humans. According to data from Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Brazil's Information System for Notifiable Diseases) from 2015 to 2016, 6,489 new cases were recorded in Brazil in 22 of the 27 federative units. In addition to typical clinical findings, VL may be associated with autoimmune phenomena, including simulating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We present the first case of autochthonous VL mimicking SLE in Santa Catarina in southern Brazil.

Leptospirosis presenting as ascending progressive leg weakness and complicating with acute pancreatitis.

Leptospirosis is a spirochetal bacterial infection of great public health importance. It has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations which goes from subclinical infection and self-limited anicteric febrile illness (80-90% of all cases) to icteric leptospiropirosis known as Weil's disease. This is a severe disease characterized by hemorrhage, acute renal failure and jaundice. It is uncommon for leptospirosis to present itself as a primary neurological disease. Additionally, acute pancreatitis is an unusual gastrointestinal manifestation. We report a case of leptospirosis presenting as ascending progressive leg weakness and complicating with acute pancreatitis in an adult patient treated at Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. The diagnosis was confirmed through ELISA-IgM antibody testing positive for leptospirosis. After antibiotic therapy and support treatment for a few weeks, total resolution of severe manifestations was achieved. Rare and unusual presentations of leptospirosis should be kept in mind in relevant epidemiological scenario.

Leptospirosis presenting as ascending progressive leg weakness and complicating with acute pancreatitis

Leptospirosis is a spirochetal bacterial infection of great public health importance. It has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations which goes from subclinical infection and self-limited anicteric febrile illness (80-90 percent of all cases) to icteric leptospiropirosis known as Weil's disease. This is a severe disease characterized by hemorrhage, acute renal failure and jaundice. It is uncommon for leptospirosis to present itself as a primary neurological disease. Additionally, acute pancreatitis is an unusual gastrointestinal manifestation. We report a case of leptospirosis presenting as ascending progressive leg weakness and complicating with acute pancreatitis in an adult patient treated at Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. The diagnosis was confirmed through ELISA-IgM antibody testing positive for leptospirosis. After antibiotic therapy and support treatment for a few weeks, total resolution of severe manifestations was achieved. Rare and unusual presentations of leptospirosis should be kept in mind in relevant epidemiological scenario.