RESUMO
HIV-1 immunotherapy with a combination of first generation monoclonal antibodies was largely ineffective in pre-clinical and clinical settings and was therefore abandoned. However, recently developed single-cell-based antibody cloning methods have uncovered a new generation of far more potent broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 (refs 4, 5). These antibodies can prevent infection and suppress viraemia in humanized mice and nonhuman primates, but their potential for human HIV-1 immunotherapy has not been evaluated. Here we report the results of a first-in-man dose escalation phase 1 clinical trial of 3BNC117, a potent human CD4 binding site antibody, in uninfected and HIV-1-infected individuals. 3BNC117 infusion was well tolerated and demonstrated favourable pharmacokinetics. A single 30 mg kg(-1) infusion of 3BNC117 reduced the viral load in HIV-1-infected individuals by 0.8-2.5 log10 and viraemia remained significantly reduced for 28 days. Emergence of resistant viral strains was variable, with some individuals remaining sensitive to 3BNC117 for a period of 28 days. We conclude that, as a single agent, 3BNC117 is safe and effective in reducing HIV-1 viraemia, and that immunotherapy should be explored as a new modality for HIV-1 prevention, therapy and cure.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/terapia , HIV-1/imunologia , Carga Viral/imunologia , Viremia/terapia , Adulto , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/farmacocinética , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/farmacologia , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/uso terapêutico , Sítios de Ligação , Anticorpos Amplamente Neutralizantes , Antígenos CD4/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Evolução Molecular , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Proteína gp120 do Envelope de HIV/química , Proteína gp120 do Envelope de HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/química , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imunização Passiva/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fatores de Tempo , Carga Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Viremia/imunologia , Viremia/virologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adherence is critical to achieve the benefits of antiretroviral therapy. A smart-pill bottle service that transmits real-time adherence data via cellular networks to a central service and prompts nonadherent patients with phone or text messages may improve adherence. METHODS: Adults with HIV taking a tenofovir-containing regimen with suboptimal adherence were randomized to adherence counseling ± a smart-pill bottle service for 12 weeks. Tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) levels by dried blood spot, HIV RNA levels, CD4 cell counts, and self-reported adherence were collected. RESULTS: Sixty-three participants (22% women; 48% black, 25% Latino) were randomized: 30 to the smart-pill bottle (2 of whom were lost to follow-up before the baseline visit), and 33 to control arms. At baseline, 49% of participants had HIV RNA ≤20 copies/mL and 61% reported 100% adherence with ART over 4 days. From baseline to week 12, median TFV-DP levels were +252 and -41 fmol/punch in the bottle and control arms, respectively (P = 0.10). Exploratory exclusion of 3 participants with known or suspected drug-drug interactions found median TFV-DP levels of +278 and -38 fmol/punch, respectively (P = 0.04). There were no differences in study discontinuations, HIV RNA suppression, CD4 cell counts, or self-reported adherence at week 12. CONCLUSIONS: In a diverse group of participants with suboptimal adherence to ART, the smart-pill bottle service was associated with higher TFV-DP levels.