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Pancreatic eurytrematosis (PE) is an under diagnosed and neglected parasitosis in goats and sheep in the Americas. Clinical and pathological features of PE are not well defined in small ruminants worldwide. Natural cases of PE in small ruminants were detected in the Federal District, Brazil. A survey of necropsy records, including epidemiological and clinicopathological data, in goats and sheep was conducted. Most cases of PE occurred during the rainy season in adult females, with an incidence of 12.9% in goats and 0.8% in sheep. Clinical signs varied from asymptomatic infections to anorexia, lethargy, weakness, marked weight loss and death in some goats. Overall, most cases of PE in goats and sheep were incidental necropsy findings with minor pancreatic lesions. Three goats, however, showed severe chronic pancreatitis, dilation of major pancreatic ducts with numerous trematodes present and marked abdominal fat necrosis. Morphological and molecular characterization of flukes detected Eurytrema coelomaticum. Our findings shed light on the prevalence of E. coelomaticum infections in small ruminants in the region and highlight the possibility of severe and lethal cases in goats. PE must be further investigated in small ruminant populations in relevant livestock production regions of the Americas.
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Dicrocoeliidae/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Cabras , Incidência , Masculino , Prevalência , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Carneiro Doméstico , Infecções por Trematódeos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/parasitologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Paralytic form of rabies is frequent in cattle in Latin America, but it is uncommon in goats. There are few clinical reports on furious rabies affecting goats, and the sporadic cases of rabid goats from surveillance programs worldwide lack clinical data. Furthermore, few studies reported the cerebrospinal fluid findings in rabid livestock. CASE PRESENTATION: On a farm in Midwestern Brazil, six of 47 Saanen goats died within one week. No vaccination protocols were implemented on the farm and the owner stated bat bites history on the livestock. Although rabies is endemic in Brazil, livestock vaccination is not mandatory. One 1-year-old buck was evaluated and showed non-specific clinical signs evolving within 12-h to nervous signs. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mononuclear pleocytosis, hyperproteinemia and high glucose levels. At necropsy, no gross lesions were present. Microscopically, discrete to moderate perivascular lymphoplasmacytic cuffing in gray and white matter, neuronal necrosis, neuronophagia, and mononuclear ganglioneuritis was observed in the brainstem and cervical spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong anti-rabies virus immunostaining. Fresh central nervous system samples were positive for rabies in direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT) and mouse intracerebral inoculation test (MIT). Exposed livestock recommendations included immediate vaccination, a strict isolation period of 90 days, and booster vaccinations during the third and eighth weeks. CONCLUSION: IHC revealed the widespread distribution of rabies virus antigen in the goat's CNS, contrasting the discrete pathological changes. In this goat, definitive diagnosis of paralytic rabies was obtained through the association of epidemiological, clinical, laboratorial, pathological findings (histology and IHC) and gold standard confirmatory tests (dFAT and MIT).
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Doenças das Cabras/virologia , Paralisia/veterinária , Raiva/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Doenças das Cabras/diagnóstico , Doenças das Cabras/patologia , Cabras/virologia , Masculino , Paralisia/etiologia , Paralisia/virologia , Raiva/complicações , Raiva/diagnóstico , Raiva/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ichthyosis is a dermatological disease characterized by varying degrees of generalized hyperkeratosis and alopecia. Two congenital forms of ichthyosis are recognized in animals: fetalis (IF) and congenita. The disease occurs rarely in cattle, swine, dogs, chickens and a goat; it has not been reported in sheep. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To provide clinical, laboratory and pathological assessments of a case of IF in a cross-bred lamb. ANIMALS: A male cross-bred lamb. RESULTS: Physical examination revealed apathy, fever, ectropion and eclabium. Generalized thickening and scaling of the skin was noted; this was most severe on the face, ears, inner thighs, limbs and perineum. Deep fissures and wounds were present on the hind limbs and forelimbs. The lamb was monitored for 75 days. During this period, lesions progressed and occasionally obstructed the nostrils and increasingly made it difficult for the lamb to flex major limb joints. Postmortem findings included severe epidermal thickening, multiple subcutaneous abscesses, ectropion and corneal scars. Histological findings revealed diffuse orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, follicular keratosis, irregular epidermal hyperplasia and atrophy of the sebaceous glands. Serum vitamin A concentration was within the normal range for the species. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This case report describes a case of presumptive ichthyosis fetalis in a lamb. Greater awareness by practitioners is required for this disease to be included in the differential diagnosis of dermatopathies in this species.
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Ictiose/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/congênito , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Ictiose/diagnóstico , Ictiose/patologia , Masculino , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologia , Pele/patologia , Pele/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Cottonseed cake contains gossypol, a potentially toxic compound that, when consumed by sheep, can affect reproduction, the immune system, and the liver. Changes in hematologic and serum biochemical parameters were monitored for 63 days in 12 Santa Inês ewes, six of which received ration containing 400 g kg(-1) of cottonseed cake. Blood samples were collected at the start of the experiment and weekly thereafter for hematologic assessment and determination of serum urea, creatinine, total protein, and albumin concentrations and for measurement of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transferase activities. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed. Evaluation of the erythron showed that sheep consuming cottonseed cake had an increased packed cell volume (p < 0.05) and increased erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin concentrations (p < 0.05) in the leukogram and serum biochemistry panel. In conclusion, consumption of 400 g kg(-1) cottonseed cake by sheep for 63 days may induce changes in the erythron but no consistent changes in serum biochemical parameters, indicating no damage to the liver or kidneys.
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Ração Animal/análise , Gossipol/efeitos adversos , Carneiro Doméstico/sangue , Animais , Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Dieta/veterinária , Feminino , Testes Hematológicos/veterináriaRESUMO
Reports on UCF in animals are still lacking in veterinary literature. Detailed clinical signs, laboratory findings, and follow-up information from the first cases of UCF in two ewes and two cows are provided. The cases occurred over a 12-year period. All ruminants presented a fistulous tract or perforated wound on the right ventral abdomen, emitting a foul-smelling secretion possibly associated with macerated fetal parts or placental remains. Laboratory findings included anemia, leukocytosis by neutrophilia, and hyperfibrinogenemia in one ewe, and hyperfibrinogenemia in one cow. Ovariohysterectomy and fistulectomy were performed in one ewe, while the other three ruminants were submitted for the removal of fetal parts and placental remains through the UCF. Two ewes died within 12-48 h, and the two Nelore cows had an uneventful recovery, achieving secondary intention healing within 30 to 35 days. As a never-reported or unnoticed disease of the reproductive tract, UCF is an unusual consequence of dead fetus retention in an end-stage pregnancy and a potentially life-threatening condition in ruminants, especially ewes. Further broad studies in large herds of cattle and small ruminant flocks must be conducted to estimate the incidence of UCF and ensure improvements in the diagnosis and knowledge of pathogenesis, aiming at prevention.
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Losses and the economic impact of dog attacks (DAs) on livestock are often overlooked and include factors such as decreased production, expenses for treatment and handling, and death of injured animals. This study evaluated the epidemiological, therapeutic, and pathological findings of DAs on livestock over an 11-year survey using the records of farm animals referred to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Livestock attacked by dogs included 31 sheep, 11 horses, 3 cattle, 3 goats, and 2 pigs, totaling 50 animals. Anatomical locations injured by dog bites were identified as head/neck, thoracic/pelvic limbs, abdomen/flank, rump/tail, and multiple affected regions (two or more bite sites). Additionally, the severity of the injuries was classified into four degrees adapted from the classification of dog bite injuries in children. Most livestock presented Grade 1 (26%) and Grade 2 (28%) injuries, while Grade 3 and Grade 4 injuries were observed in 46% of DAs. Furthermore, 35 animals (70%) were discharged, 9 (18%) died, and 6 (12%) were humanely euthanized. DAs may represent a significant cause for referring livestock species to clinical care, severe injuries, and a considerable number of deaths. In this study, we provide information regarding DAs on livestock for the first time in Midwestern Brazil.
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Cardiac congenital defects related to inheritance and teratogenesis have been reported in veterinary species and humans worldwide. Among these, ectopia cordis (EC), characterized by an externalized heart through a cleft, is extremely rare in sheep. This report presents the diagnostic features of two cases of complete thoracic EC in newborn lambs. Clinical findings in the lambs, aside from the EC, were unremarkable. Both animals exhibited exteriorized hearts without pericardial coverage, delineated in the thoracic cleft by a fibrous ring of the pericardium and adjacent skin. Histologically, the epicardium was thickened by fibrous tissue in both lambs, with one animal also showing marked edema, hemorrhage, and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltration. The prognosis of EC in the lambs of this study was poor, with fatal outcomes despite attempts at surgical correction.
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This paper aims to report clinical, laboratory and pathological features in a case of suppurative meningoencephalitis by P. aeruginosa from the direct extension of chronic otitis in a Gir cow. The cow was recumbent during physical examination, and neurological examination revealed depression, absence of left eyelid and auricular motor reflex, and hypotonic tongue. Hematology revealed hemoconcentration, leukocytosis by neutrophilia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. Cerebrospinal fluid was slightly turbid, and presented polymorphonuclear pleocytosis, and hyperproteinorrachia. Grossly, the skull floor showed a purulent green-yellow exudate that drained from the left inner ear to the cisterna magna. There was diffuse congestion of the telencephalon, and meninges showed severe hyperemia, moderate thickening, and opacity with the deposition of fibrinosuppurative material ventrally, extending to the cerebellum and brainstem. The left cerebellar hemisphere showed an approximately 1.5 cm in diameter liquefaction area surrounded by a hemorrhagic halo. Histologically, cerebellar, mesencephalic, thalamic, and brain base meninges were intensely thickened and showed severe suppurative inflammation and fibrin deposition. Small multifocal suppurative areas were observed in the cerebellum and brainstem, characterized by a necrotic core, a number of neutrophils, and Gram-negative intralesional bacillary myriads. Pure cultures of P. aeruginosa were obtained and identified in the suppurative CNS lesions, meninges, and inner ear samples. This report highlights an uncommon clinical evolution of secondary P. aeruginosa suppurative meningoencephalitis, probably triggered by recurrent parasitic otitis in an adult Gir cow. Veterinarians, practitioners, and farmers must be aware of the risk of CNS infections after unresolved media and inner otitis, especially in cattle breeds more prone to developing parasitic otitis, such as the Gir and Indubrasil breeds.
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This paper aims to report clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and pathological features in a case of cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM) affecting a 4-month-old Nelore calf for the first time. During physical examination, the calf could stand if assisted when lifting by the tail but fallen to the ground when trying to walk. Attempts to flex and extend the neck to the right side failed. Radiographs findings consisted of reduced intervertebral spaces, and misalignments between the endplates, more evident between the C3 and C4 vertebrae, resulting in narrowing of the spinal canal and compression of the spinal cord. Grossly, C4 showed cranial articular surface malformation, abnormal metaphyseal growth plate development, reduced vertebral body size and deformity. Histologically, C4 showed an abnormal vertebral bone development characterized by moderate replacement of trabecular bone by fibrous tissues, multifocal areas of dystrophic hyaline cartilage development, and cartilaginous growth failure along the metaphyseal growth plate. Cervical spinal cord within the stenotic vertebral canal showed swollen neurons with central chromatolysis, areas of Wallerian degeneration, and necrotic debris. In contrast with the well-known Wobbler syndrome in horses, the etiology of CVSM in cattle remains undetermined, and further genetic and pathological studies must be conducted to elucidate it.
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Skin lesions are among the leading diseases in equids, and the urogenital region is considered the third most frequently affected body location with tumors and tumor-like skin lesions in horses. Tumor-like skin lesions or multiple tumors of different types in the equine prepuce and penis are a challenging clinical presentation leading to misdiagnosis and subsequent ineffective treatment. An 18-year-old 395-kg male mixed-breed gelding was referred for evaluation of preputial enlargement. Clinical examination revealed a 2.5 × 2.0 × 0.8 cm proliferative ulcerated lesion on the penile mucosa, five ulcerated and circumscribed hardened wounds on the preputial skin fold from 2.0 to 6.0 cm in diameter, and multiple variable-sized raised exophytic lesions ranging from 2.0 mm to 2.3 cm cauliflower-like lesions throughout the prepuce and penis. Pathological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the definitive diagnosis of three distinct proliferative lesions: squamous cell carcinoma, squamous viral papilloma and cutaneous habronemiasis. Additionally, we present features of concurrent habronemiasis and squamous cell carcinoma and highlight the importance of proper diagnostic approach in the prognosis and correct treatment selection.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Doenças dos Cavalos , Papiloma , Neoplasias Penianas , Animais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/veterinária , Cavalos , Masculino , Papiloma/veterinária , Neoplasias Penianas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Penianas/veterinária , Pênis/cirurgiaRESUMO
Determining the prognosis of poisoning by plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids is usually challenging. This study aimed to identify important prognostic parameters that can determine the severity of spontaneous poisoning by Crotalaria spectabilis in horses. Blood samples from 42 horses spontaneously poisoned by oats contaminated with C. spectabilis seeds were evaluated. Complete blood counts (CBC) and serum biochemical tests [urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, total and direct bilirubin concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and creatine kinase (CK) activities] were performed. Horses were followed up for 12 months to determine the long-term survival rate; after 12 months, they were divided into two groups: survivors (n = 30) and non-survivors (n = 12). Horses spontaneously poisoned with C. spectabilis had higher levels of urea, globulin, bilirubin (total, direct, and indirect), AST, GGT, and CK than the reference values. Non-survivor horses showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) values of hemoglobin, GGT, and direct bilirubin than the survivor horses. Horses with serum GGT activity higher than 95 U/l had 14.0 times the risk of death compared to animals showing activities equal to or lower than this value, whereas horses with serum direct bilirubin concentration higher than 0.6 mg/dl (10.26 µmol/L) had 5.78 times the risk of death compared to the others. In summary, serum GGT activity and direct bilirubin concentration may be useful prognostic indicators for assessing the severity of C. spectabilis-poisoned horses.
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Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is a rare hereditary autosomal recessive disease which has never been reported in Zebu cattle. A 3-day-old Gir calf showed teeth discoloration, fever, dehydration, and dyspnea. The main gross findings were pink-colored teeth, red-brown periosteum and bone marrow, and a fluorescent bright pink coloration of the bone marrow and articular surfaces under ultraviolet light. Aggregates of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained porphyrin pigments were evident in the lungs, kidneys, and the liver. An intron 8 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in both the Gir calf and control animals, along with the absence of the uroporphyrin III synthetase (UROS) gene mutation, was observed. Most SNPs were located in the intron regions of the UROS gene without relevance for CEP. A continuous loss of genetic variability and an increase in inbreeding in some herds may be related to CEP in Gir cattle, one of the most prominent Zebu breeds worldwide. In summary, this study describes a presumptive case of CEP in a Gir calf based on clinical and pathological findings. A definitive diagnosis would require the measurement of porphyrin levels in blood, urine, or tissues or the identification of UROS gene defects.
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The present report describes the clinical and pathological changes induced by the consumption of oats contaminated with Crotalaria spectabilis seeds by horses. Eighty horses were exposed to oats containing 10 g/kg of C. spectabilis seeds with 0.46% pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and 21 horses died within a 6-month period. Clinical signs included jaundice, apathy, a hypotonic tongue, ataxia, hyporexia, weight loss, aimless wandering, violent behavior, and proprioceptive deficits. Pathological findings were predominant in the liver and included periportal bridging fibrosis, megalocytosis, centrilobular necrosis, and bile stasis. Other findings were Alzheimer's type II astrocytes in the cortex, midbrain, basal nuclei, brainstem and pons; multifocal edema and hemorrhage in the lungs; and degeneration and necrosis of the tubular epithelium of kidneys. Horses are highly sensitive to pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants, and the observed clinical and pathological findings are typical of this poisoning. The seeds were planted, and botanical identification of the adult plants confirmed the diagnosis of C. spectabilis poisoning.
Assuntos
Crotalaria , Intoxicação por Plantas , Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina , Animais , Avena , Cavalos , Fígado , Intoxicação por Plantas/diagnóstico , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina/toxicidadeRESUMO
The findings of massive Africanized honeybee stings in two hair sheep and a mare are reported. One sheep died 15 h after attack, and the survivors developed skin necrosis on the sting sites. Pathological evaluation revealed necrosis in the dermis, degeneration of the tubular epithelial cells, and multifocal hemorrhages in heart and spleen. The massive attack by Africanized honeybees induced lesions in the skin, heart, muscles, kidneys, and lungs.
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Venenos de Abelha/toxicidade , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/veterinária , Animais , Abelhas , Feminino , Cabelo , Cavalos , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/diagnóstico , Rim , Pulmão , Ovinos , BaçoRESUMO
The downer cow syndrome (DCS) is characterized by an alert cow showing inability or reluctance to stand for 12 hours or more. This paper reported clinical, laboratory, and pathological findings in a Guzerá heifer with rhabdomyolysis, pigmenturia and acute renal failure following DCS. A 17-month-old Guzerá heifer was transported via a 350-km ride in a truck and showed sternal recumbency and severe difficulty in standing and walking. Neurological examination was unremarkable, and the heifer presented normal response to cranial nerves and spinal cord tests. Rectal palpation revealed a 5-month gravid uterus. No other abnormalities were noted in the pelvis or around the coxofemoral joints. Biochemical abnormalities included extremely high muscular enzyme activities (creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase) and high creatinine levels. Urinalysis revealed blackish and cloudy urine, proteinuria, and a positive occult blood test. Spinal cord ultrasonography showed no abnormalities. This report highlighted an uncommon clinical presentation (myoglobinuria) and pathological findings in a heifer with DCS as a consequence of severe compressive muscle damage. Practitioners and producers must be aware of the risk of careless road transportation for long distances of cattle, especially obese cows, avoiding unnecessary suffering and expenses due to DCS.
A síndrome da vaca caída (SVC) é caracterizada por um bovino alerta que mostra incapacidade ou relutância em permanecer em estação por 12 horas ou mais. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar os achados clínicos, laboratoriais e patológicos em uma novilha Guzerá com rabdomiólise, pigmentúria e insuficiência renal aguda após a SVC. Uma novilha da raça Guzerá, de 17 meses de idade, foi transportada de caminhão por 350 km e apresentou decúbito esternal, grande dificuldade para assumir estação e caminhar. O exame neurológico não demonstrou alterações, e a novilha possuía resposta normal aos testes de nervos cranianos e medula espinhal. A palpação retal revelou útero grávido de cinco meses. Nenhuma outra anormalidade foi observada na pelve ou na região das articulações coxofemorais. As anormalidades bioquímicas incluíram atividades de enzimas musculares (creatina fosfoquinase e aspartato aminotransferase) extremamente aumentadas e níveis elevados de creatinina. A urinálise revelou urina enegrecida e turva, proteinúria e teste de sangue oculto positivo. O exame ultrassonográfico da medula espinhal não apresentou anormalidades. Este relato evidencia uma apresentação clínica (mioglobinúria) e achados patológicos incomuns em uma novilha com SVC em consequência de extensa lesão muscular compressiva. Veterinários e produtores devem estar atentos aos riscos do transporte rodoviário descuidado por longas distâncias de bovinos, especialmente vacas obesas, evitando assim sofrimento e despesas desnecessárias decorrentes da SVC.
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Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Postura , Rabdomiólise/veterinária , Insuficiência Renal/veterinária , Mioglobinúria/veterinária , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/veterinária , Necrose/veterináriaRESUMO
Gossypol, a polyphenol compound produced by cotton plant, has proven reproductive toxicity, but the effects of gossypol on sheep ovaries are unknown. This study was aimed to determine the in vitro and in vivo effects of gossypol on the ovarian follicles of sheep. This trial was divided into two experiments. In the first one, we used twelve non-pregnant, nulliparous, Santa Inês crossbred ewes, which were randomly distributed into two equal groups and fed diets with and without cottonseed cake. Feed was offered at 1.5% of the animal's body weight for 63 days. The concentrations of total and free gossypol in the cottonseed cake were 3.28 mg/g and 0.11 mg/g, respectively. Throughout the trial period, no animal showed clinical signs of toxicity and no effects on body weight were observed. However, there was a significantly lower number of viable ovarian follicles (20.6%) and higher number of atretic follicles (79.4%) in the gossypol-fed sheep compared to the control (85.1 and 34.9%, respectively). These findings were observed at all stages of follicular development. In the second experiment, eight ovaries from slaughterhouse were cultured with different concentrations of gossypol acetic acid (0, 5, 10 and 20 µg/mL) for 24 hours or seven days. The in vitro action of gossypol resulted in a significant decrease in viable ovarian follicles, especially the primary and transition follicles, and a significant increase in the number of atretic follicles after 24 hours of culture. These follicles were greatly affected when cultured with gossypol for seven days. It is concluded that gossypol present in cotton seeds directly acts on ovarian follicles in sheep to increase atresia.
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Óleo de Sementes de Algodão/química , Gossipol/toxicidade , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Ração Animal/efeitos adversos , Animais , Feminino , Gossipol/química , Ovinos , Carneiro DomésticoRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Although, calf diphtheria and necrotic laryngitis are common infections in the oral cavity's soft tissues, arytenoid chondritis is addressed as a serious but rarely diagnosed complication in cattle. This paper aimed to describe clinical, laboratory, imaging, and pathological findings in two calves with arytenoid chondritis. A 2-month-old Jersey calf and a 3-month-old Girolando calf presented 40-days history of respiratory distress. In the former, oral endoscopy revealed enlarged and immobile arytenoids with major involvement of the left arytenoid, causing severe distortion and partial obstruction of the rima glottidis. In the latter, latero-lateral radiography of the head revealed radiolucent areas and thickening at the level of the larynx to the dorsal trachea. Pathological examination of one calf showed neutrophilic multifocal inflammatory infiltrate and areas of necrosis in the cricoarytenoid cartilage, surrounded by abscessation. Definitive diagnosis of arytenoid chondritis in these two calves was established on the basis of clinical, laboratory, imaging (endoscopy and radiography), and pathological findings. Daily and careful observation of the herds and the use of ancillary diagnostic methods allowed the early diagnosis of the disease, and accurate diagnosis can improve prognosis and increase treatment success rate.
RESUMO: Embora a difteria em bezerros e a laringite necrótica sejam infecções comuns nos tecidos moles da cavidade oral, a condrite aritenoide é considerada uma complicação grave, mas raramente diagnosticada em bovinos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever os achados clínicos, laboratoriais, de imagem e patológicos em duas bezerras apresentando condrite aritenoide. Uma bezerra Jersey de dois meses de idade e uma bezerra Girolando de três meses de idade apresentavam dificuldades respiratórias por 40 dias. Na primeira, a endoscopia oral revelou aritenoides aumentadas e imóveis, com grande envolvimento da aritenoide esquerda, causando distorção grave e obstrução parcial de rima glottidis. Na segunda, a radiografia látero-lateral da cabeça revelou áreas radioluscentes e espessamento ao nível da laringe até a traqueia dorsal. O exame patológico de uma bezerra revelou infiltrado inflamatório multifocal neutrofílico e áreas de necrose na cartilagem cricoaritenóide, circundadas por abscessos. O diagnóstico definitivo de condrite aritenoide nessas duas bezerras foi estabelecido com base nos achados clínicos, laboratoriais, de imagem (endoscopia e radiografia) e patológicos. O monitoramento diário e minucioso dos rebanhos e o uso de métodos auxiliares de diagnóstico permitem o diagnóstico precoce da enfermidade, sendo que o diagnóstico preciso pode melhorar o prognóstico e aumentar a taxa de sucesso do tratamento.
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ABSTRACT: Ossifying fibroma is a disfiguring benign neoplasia of the jaw that affects young animals of several species, including horses. The present report described the postoperative care and long-term follow-up after a rostral mandibulectomy (RM) that was performed to treat an ossifying fibroma in a horse. A 3-year-old crossbred horse presented a hard, well-defined, 14.5×10.0×9.5cm ulcerated mass attached to the rostral mandible. Radiographic findings were compatible with a nonaggressive mandibular bone deformity (benign neoplasia). Histological features confirmed the diagnosis of the ossifying fibroma. After the RM, the horse slowly adapted to the new feeding conditions and was discharged when it fully recovered and was capable of feeding on the paddock and drinking water on its own on day 60. This slow adaptation was crucial for post-surgical recovery and required hard labor to manage the feeding and hydration by nasogastric tube during the hospital stay.
RESUMO: Fibroma ossificante é uma neoplasia benigna desfigurante da mandíbula, que afeta animais jovens de várias espécies, incluindo equinos. O presente relato descreve os cuidados pós-operatórios e o acompanhamento a longo prazo após mandibulectomia rostral (MR) no tratamento de um fibroma ossificante em um equino. Um cavalo mestiço de três anos de idade apresentou massa ulcerada, dura, bem definida, medindo 14,5x10x9,5cm, contígua à mandíbula rostral. Os achados radiográficos foram compatíveis com uma deformidade óssea mandibular não agressiva (neoplasia benigna). As características histológicas confirmaram o diagnóstico de fibroma ossificante. Após a MR, o equino adaptou-se lentamente às novas condições de alimentação e recebeu alta clínica totalmente recuperado, sendo capaz de se alimentar em piquetes e beber água por conta própria, no 60o dia. Esta lenta adaptação foi crucial para recuperação pós-cirúrgica e exigiu trabalho árduo no manejo da alimentação e hidratação por meio de sonda nasogástrica durante o período de internação hospitalar.
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ABSTRACT: In cattle, abdominal tumors leading to partial or total intestinal obstruction are rare. Here, it is described the clinico-pathological findings of two cows with intestinal obstruction by neoplasms. A crossbred cow presented apathy, weight loss, constipation, enophthalmos, ruminal and intestinal hypomotility, and abdominal distension in the right ventral quadrant. Pathological examination revealed bilateral ovarian teratoma. The other case was a cow that in the past 2 years had several episodes of squamous cell carcinoma in the third eyelid and vulva. During the 6 days prior to investigation, clinical signs of constipation and tenesmus were noted. Nodular and friable masses were located in the vulva, right third eyelid and cranially to the right kidney that were identified as poorly differentiated metastatic carcinoma of the adrenal cortex. To our knowledge, these are probably the first reports of ovarian teratoma and adrenal carcinoma causing clinical signs of intestinal obstruction in cattle.
RESUMO: Em bovinos, tumores abdominais que levam à obstrução intestinal parcial ou total são raros. Neste relato, descrevemos os achados clínico-patológicos de duas vacas com obstrução intestinal por neoplasias. Uma vaca mestiça apresentava apatia, perda de peso, constipação, enoftalmia, hipomotilidade ruminal e intestinal e distensão abdominal no quadrante ventral direito. O exame patológico revelou teratoma ovariano bilateral. O outro caso foi uma vaca que, nos últimos 2 anos, teve episódios de carcinoma de células escamosas na terceira pálpebra e vulva. Durante 6 dias antes da investigação, foram observados constipação e tenesmo. Massas nodulares e friáveis foram localizados na vulva, terceira pálpebra direita e cranial ao rim direito, que foram identificadas como carcinoma metastático pouco diferenciado do córtex adrenal. Ao nosso conhecimento, estes são os primeiros relatos de teratoma ovariano e carcinoma adrenal causando sinais clínicos de obstrução intestinal em bovinos.
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This study aimed to describe the toxic effects resulting from the administration of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton latex to rats and C. procera leaves to sheep. We studied male sheep that received C. procera leaves by gavage. Twenty male rats were separated into 5 groups and were subjected to an intra-peritoneal injection of fresh C. procera latex (without carrier solvent) at 1.0, 0.6, 0.3 or 0.1 ml of latex/kg of body weight, and control animals were injected with 0.9% NaCl. All rats were treated with the highest dose, but none of the rats from the other groups, died. The histological lesions were restricted to rats dosed with 1.0 ml of latex/kg body weight and included multi-focal coagulation necrosis of cardiac fibers and vacuolized hepatocytes. Subsequently, three groups of two sheep were treated with (1) a single dose of 30 g/kg, (2) a single dose of 60 g/kg or (3) 60 g/kg per day for 10 consecutive days. Exposure to the C. procera leaves was responsible for tachycardia and transitory cardiac arrhythmias in sheep from all groups. Gross pathological analysis of sheep dosed with 60 g/kg per day for 10 days revealed mild ascites, exudates on the trachea, pulmonary edema, mild hemorrhage in the liver, hydropericardium, flaccid heart, ulcers on the abomasum and kidneys presenting pale juxtamedullary cortex. The histological findings of the rat and sheep studies were similar and included multi-focal coagulation necrosis of cardiac fibers and vacuolized hepatocytes. In conclusion, our findings indicate that C. procera is a cardiotoxic and hepatotoxic plant.