[Virtual reality glasses as a distraction aid and anxiety reduction in a 7-year-old girl who underwent a dental extraction procedure. Case report]. / Gafas de realidad virtual como ayuda de distracción y disminución de la ansiedad en niña de 7 años que se somete a procedimiento de extracción dental. Reporte de caso.

Virtual reality in Pediatric Dentistry has enormous potential, in the treatment of phobia of dental treatments, this technology is also promising, since it shows satisfactory results and in the surgical area it has a high potential for complex treatments, allowing predictable and safe results. However, future studies should have to establish technological standards with high data quality and in the development of applications approved for clinical routine. Distraction is a non-pharmacological pain management technique commonly used by Pediatric Dentists to control pain and anxiety. There are some new techniques that use audio and video stimulation and distract the patient by exposing him to three-dimensional videos. These techniques are called virtual reality audiovisual systems. The objective of this case was to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality glasses as a distraction aid to reduce anxiety in a 7-year-old girl who attends the pediatric dentistry office to perform a dental extraction procedure.

Impact of a virtual learning environment on the conscious prescription of antibiotics among Colombian dentists.

Appropriate antibiotic prescription contributes to reducing bacterial resistance; therefore, it is critical to provide training regarding this challenge. The objective of this study was to develop a virtual learning environment for antibiotic prescription and to determine its impact on dentists' awareness, attitudes, and intention to practice. First, the learning content on multimedia resources was developed and distributed into three challenges that participants had to overcome. Then, a quasi-experimental study was performed in which the virtual learning environment was implemented on dentists from seven Colombian cities. The median of correct answers and the levels of awareness, attitudes, and intention to practice were compared before, immediately after, and 6-months post-intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank and McNemar's tests were used to determine the differences. A total of 206 participants who finished the virtual learning environment activities exhibited a favorable and statistically significant impact on the median of correct answers of awareness (p < 0.001), attitudes (p < 0.001), and intention to practice (p = 0.042). A significant increase occurred in the number of participants with a high level of awareness (p < 0.001) and a non-significant increase in participants with high levels of attitudes (p = 0.230) and intention to practice (p = 0.286). At 6 months, the positive effect on the median of correct answers on awareness and intention to practice persisted (p < 0.001); however, this was not evident for attitudes (p = 0.105). Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the number of participants who showed low levels of awareness (p = 0.019) and a slight increase in those with high levels of the same component (p = 0.161). The use of a virtual learning environment designed for dentists contributed to a rapid improvement in awareness and intention to practice antibiotic prescription; however, their attitudes and information retention need reinforcement.

[Oral manifestations of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis VI)]. / Manifestaciones orales del síndrome de Maroteaux-Lamy (Mucopolisacaridosis VI).

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, also known as Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, is an autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder, due to the deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase B that leads to the accumulation of dermatan sulfate in the tissues and its urinary excretion. Mucopolysaccharide deposition leads to a progressive disorder affecting multiple organs that often results in death at a young age. This disease has several oral manifestations, among which dental complications can be serious and include follicles similar to dentigerous cysts, malocclusions, condylar defects and gingival hyperplasia, in addition to a short neck, corneal opacity, macroglossia, skull enlargement, anteroposterior dimension long, claw hand is some of the clinical features. A case of a 14-month-old patient is presented, who attended a pediatric dentistry consultation for episodes of fever, low weight, severe gingival hyperplasia. Physical examination revealed coarse facies, short neck, pectus excavatus, hands with decreased grip, and neurodevelopmental delay. On intraoral examination, dental eruption delayed, generalized gingival hyperplasia, palate with little transverse growth. On radiographic examination, dental organs included and poor position in the anterior sector, upper molars within the maxillary sinus, rotated lower canines. He is referred to medicine for biochemical tests and genetics for diagnosis. Detailed biochemistry MPS type VI, confirmed by molecular testing. The clinical manifestations in this case correspond to the clinical form of rapid progression reported in these patients. They report: short stature, skeletal malformations and alterations at the oral level. Children with severe MPS VI start early and progress rapidly, bone radiographs and urine GAG measurement are helpful for diagnosis with genetic and ARSB enzyme activity. It is necessary to strengthen the knowledge in dentistry and the general population about the clinical characteristics of type VI mucopolysaccharides in order to have an early diagnosis and management of pathologies in these patients.

Prescribing antibiotics by dentists in Colombia: Toward a conscientious prescription.

OBJECTIVES: Inappropriate prescription of antibiotics contributes to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the awareness, attitudes, and intention to practice of dentists prescribing antibiotics in Colombia in order to design a virtual learning environment on this subject. METHODS: In a descriptive study across seven cities, 700 dentists from different Colombian cities were requested to complete a validated questionnaire containing five sections: general information, awareness on antibiotic effectiveness and antibiotic resistance, attitudes regarding prescription decision, intention to practice concerning clinical cases, and complementary information. The level of awareness, attitudes, and intention to practice was determined and Chi-square test was used to determine the existence of significant differences among cities. RESULTS: The majority of dentists showed a medium level regarding the number of correct answers on awareness (62.4 percent) and attitudes (88.7 percent) and a high level on intention to practice (91.7 percent). Common errors within the awareness section included the meaning of the term "antibiotic resistance" (35 percent) and most dentists were not convinced that such resistance could be derived from prescription of antibiotics (51.2 percent). In the attitudes section, only 45 percent declared that they prescribe antibiotics based mainly on symptoms, and the intention to practice section showed a significant percentage of unnecessary prescription (51 percent for pacemaker users) or absence of prescription (53.9 percent for ventricular septal defect) in antibiotic prophylaxis for infectious endocarditis (IE). CONCLUSION: The dentists interviewed should be trained and made aware of antibiotic resistance, microbiological and clinical foundations, and current antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines.

Teleodontología para la atención de pacientes durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Revisión de literatura / Teleodontology for patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Literature review

Objetivo: describir las aplicaciones de la teleodontología para la atención de pacientes durante y posterior a la pandemia de la COVID-19. Método: la búsqueda de artículos sobre teleodontología se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, SCOPUS, ClinicalKey y LILACS, para identificar estudios publicados en inglés, español y portugués; se incluyeron estudios que contenían las palabras claves teleodontología y COVID-19, publicados desde enero a diciembre de 2020 y que estuvieran completos. La calidad de los artículos se evaluó según las directrices PRISMA-P. Resultados: se identificaron 49 artículos y se incluyeron 14 para la evaluación. De estos estudios, dos eran descriptivos (test de diagnóstico), seis eran estudios descriptivos de corte transversal, cinco eran pruebas pilotos; se identificó, además, un estudio de diseño retrospectivo. Se presenta la teleodontología como alternativa para diagnósticos y tratamientos de enfermedades bucales en tiempos de pandemia, mediante uso de dispositivos móviles, teleorientación y fotografías. La mayoría de los estudios presentaron un riesgo de sesgo de moderado a alto. Conclusión: la teleodontología es una herramienta tecnológica remota para apoyar la orientación, educación y tratamiento, que permite consolidar información de manera sincrónica y asincrónica sin la necesidad del contacto directo entre odontólogo y paciente.

Objective: to describe the applications of teleodontology for patient care during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: the search for articles on teleodontology was carried out in the PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, SCOPUS, ClinicalKey and LILACS databases to identify studies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese; Studies that contained the keywords teleodontology and COVID-19, published from January to December 2020 and that were complete, were included. The quality of the articles was evaluated according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. Results: 49 articles were identified and 14 were included for evaluation. Of these studies, two were descriptive (diagnostic tests), six were descriptive cross-sectional studies, five were pilot tests; In addition, a retrospective design study was identified. Teleodontology is presented as an alternative for diagnosing and treating oral diseases in times of pandemic, through the use of mobile devices, remote orientation and photographs. Most of the studies were at moderate to high risk of bias. Conclusion: teleodontology is the remote tool to support remote guidance, education and treatment through technology, allowing the consolidation of information synchronously and asynchronously without the need for direct contact between dentist and patient

Manifestaciones orales del síndrome de Maroteaux-Lamy (Mucopolisacaridosis VI) / Oral manifestations of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis VI)

La mucopolisacaridosis tipo VI, también conocida como síndrome de Maroteaux-Lamy, es un trastorno lisosómico autosómico recesivo, causado por la deficiencia de la enzima arilsulfatasa B, lo que conduce a la acumulación de dermatán sulfato en los tejidos y su excreción urinaria. La deposición de mucopolisacáridos genera un trastorno progresivo que afecta a múltiples órganos y que, a menudo, resulta en la muerte a temprana edad. Esta enfermedad tiene varias manifestaciones orales, entre las que destacan las complicaciones dentales, que pueden ser graves e incluir folículos similares a quistes dentígeros, maloclusiones, defectos condilares e hiperplasia gingival, además de características clínicas como cuello corto, opacidad corneal, macroglosia y agrandamiento del cráneo, dimensión anteroposterior larga y mano en garra. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 14 meses de edad que acudió a consulta de odontopediatría por episodios de fiebre, bajo peso e hiperplasia gingival severa. El examen físico evidenció facies tosca, cuello corto, pectus excavatus, manos con disminución en agarre y retardo en el neurodesarrollo. El examen intraoral halló retardo de la erupción dental, hiperplasia gingival generalizada y paladar con poco crecimiento transversal. El examen radiográfico detectó órganos dentarios incluidos y mala posición en el sector anterior, molares superiores dentro del seno maxilar y caninos inferiores rotados. El paciente fue remitido a medicina para exámenes bioquímicos y genéticos para definir el diagnóstico. La bioquímica reveló MPS tipo VI, lo que fue confirmado mediante prueba molecular. Las manifestaciones clínicas en este caso corresponden a la forma clínica de progresión rápida reportada en estos pacientes: talla baja, malformaciones esqueléticas y alteraciones a nivel oral. Los niños con MPS VI grave comienzan temprano y progresan rápidamente, las radiografías óseas y la medición de GAG en orina son útiles para el diagnóstico con actividad de la enzima ARSB y genética. Es necesario fortalecer el conocimiento en odontología y la población en general sobre las características clínicas de mucopolisacáridos tipo VI para tener un diagnóstico temprano y un mejor manejo de patologías en estos pacientes. (AU)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, also known as Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, is an autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder, due to the deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase B that leads to the accumulation of dermatan sulfate in the tissues and its urinary excretion. Mucopolysaccharide deposition leads to a progressive disorder affecting multiple organs that often results in death at a young age. This disease has several oral manifestations, among which dental complications can be serious and include follicles similar to dentigerous cysts, malocclusions, condylar defects and gingival hyperplasia, in addition to a short neck, corneal opacity, macroglossia, skull enlargement, anteroposterior dimension long, claw hand is some of the clinical features. A case of a 14-month-old patient is presented, who attended a pediatric dentistry consultation for episodes of fever, low weight, severe gingival hyperplasia. Physical examination revealed coarse facies, short neck, pectus excavatus, hands with decreased grip, and neurodevelopmental delay. On intraoral examination, dental eruption delayed, generalized gingival hyperplasia, palate with little transverse growth. On radiographic examination, dental organs included and poor position in the anterior sector, upper molars within the maxillary sinus, rotated lower canines. He is referred to medicine for biochemical tests and genetics for diagnosis. Detailed biochemistry MPS type VI, confirmed by molecular testing. The clinical manifestations in this case correspond to the clinical form of rapid progression reported in these patients. They report: short stature, skeletal malformations and alterations at the oral level. Children with severe MPS VI start early and progress rapidly, bone radiographs and urine GAG measurement are helpful for diagnosis with genetic and ARSB enzyme activity. It is necessary to strengthen the knowledge in dentistry and the general population about the clinical characteristics of type VI mucopolysaccharides in order to have an early diagnosis and management of pathologies in these patients. (AU)

Diagnóstico clínico y genético mucolipidosis II - enfermedad células de inclusión / Diagnóstico clínico e genético da mucolipidose II - doença das células de inclusão / Clinical and genetic diagnosis of mucolipidosis II - inclusion cell disease

La Mucolipidosis tipo II es una enfermedad autosómica trastorno recesivo clínicamente caracterizado por la dismorfia facial y una hiperplasia gingival severa. Relato del caso: Se porta caso de paciente de 2 años de edad, con diagnóstico de enfermedad metabólica tipo mucolipidosis II. Al examen físico se encontraron facies tosca, marcada hiperplasia gingival sintomática generalizada en maxilar superior e inferior, encías sangrantes, cuello corto, con regular sostén cefálico, piel delgada, pectus excavatus, codos normales, manos con disminución en el agarre y piel gruesa con xerosis, dificultad para elevar los brazos por encima de la cabeza, retardo global en neurodesarrollo. Por lo cual se manejó el caso de manera multidisciplinaria, permitiendo que el paciente evolucione de manera positiva al tratamiento integral, con mejoramiento en la motricidad. Conclusiones: Los fenotipos clínicos superpuestos son un desafío de diagnóstico para el personal de la salud en Odontología, especialmente en casos de mucolipidosis (ML) y trastornos mucopolisacáridos (MPS), debido a la superposición de las características clínicas

A mucolipidose tipo II é um distúrbio autossômico recessivo caracterizado clinicamente por dismorfia facial e hiperplasia gengival grave. Relato de caso: É relatado o caso de uma paciente de 2 anos com diagnóstico de doença metabólica do tipo mucolipidose II. O exame físico revelou fácies grosseira, hiperplasia gengival sintomática generalizada acentuada na mandíbula superior e inferior, gengivas sangrantes, pescoço curto, com apoio de cabeça regular, pele fina, pectus excavatus, cotovelos normais, mãos com pega diminuída e pele grossa com xerose, dificuldade em levantar os braços acima da cabeça, atraso no desenvolvimento neurológico global. Portanto, o caso foi tratado de forma multidisciplinar, permitindo que o paciente evoluísse de forma positiva para um tratamento integral, com melhora nas habilidades motoras. Conclusões: A sobreposição de fenótipos clínicos é um desafio diagnóstico para o pessoal de saúde em Odontología, especialmente nos casos de mucolipidose (ML) e distúrbios dos mucopolissacarídeos (MPS), devido à sobreposição de características clínicas

Mucolipidosis type II is an autosomal recessive disorder clinically characterized by facial dysmorphia and severe gingival hyperplasia. Case report: The case of a 2-year-old patient with a diagnosis of metabolic disease type mucolipidosis II is reported. Physical examination revealed coarse facies, marked generalized symptomatic gingival hyperplasia in the upper and lower jaw, bleeding gums, short neck, with regular head support, thin skin, pectus excavatus, normal elbows, hands with decreased grip, and thick skin with xerosis, difficulty raising the arms above the head, global neurodevelopmental delay. Therefore, the case was handled in a multidisciplinary way, allowing the patient to evolve in a positive way to comprehensive treatment, with improvement in motor skills. Conclusions: Overlapping clinical phenotypes are a diagnostic challenge for health personnel in Dentistry, especially in cases of mucolipidosis (ML) and mucopolysaccharide disorders (MPS), due to the overlapping of clinical characteristics