TLR4 contributes to the damage of cartilage and subchondral bone in discectomy-induced TMJOA mice.

The abundance of inflammatory mediators in injured joint indicates innate immune reactions activated during temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) progression. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can mediate innate immune reaction. Herein, we aimed to investigate the expression profile and effect of TLR4 in the cartilage and subchondral bone of the discectomy-induced TMJOA mice. The expression of TLR4 and NFκB p65 in the synovium of TMJOA patients was measured by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR. H&E and Masson staining were utilized to assess the damage of cartilage and subchondral bone of the discectomy-induced TMJOA mice. A TLR4 inhibitor, TAK-242, was used to assess the effect of TLR4 in the cartilage and subchondral bone of the discectomy-induced TMJOA mice by Safranin O, micro-CT, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Western blotting was used to quantify the expression and effect of TLR4 in IL-1ß-induced chondrocytes. The expression of TLR4 and NFκB p65 was elevated in the synovium of TMJOA patients, compared with the normal synovium. TLR4 elevated in the damaged cartilage and subchondral bone of discectomy-induced TMJOA mice, and the rate of TLR4 expressing chondrocytes positively correlated with OA score. Intraperitoneal injections of TAK-242 ameliorate the extent of TMJOA. Furthermore, TLR4 promotes the expression of MyD88/NFκB, pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators in cartilage of discectomy-induced TMJOA. Besides, TLR4 participates in the production of MyD88/NFκB, pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators in IL-1ß-induced chondrocytes. TLR4 contributes to the damage of cartilage and subchondral bone in discectomy-induced TMJOA mice through activation of MyD88/NFκB and release of pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators.

[Clinical and cone-beam CT analysis of 368 patients with temporomandibular joint disc perforation in different age groups].

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of disc perforation (DP) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) at different ages. METHODS：Patients with TMJ disc perforation admitted to the Department of Trauma and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery Stomatological Hospital of Wuhan University, from April 2012 to May 2021 were included in this study. They were divided into 6 groups according to different ages. Clinical and CBCT radiographic features were analyzed. Clinical features included maximal interincisal opening, pain, clicking，and occlusal changes. Imaging features included condylar absorption flattening, hyperplasia or osteophyte formation, sclerosis, subchondral cysts, depression defects, and blurred anterior slope. The clinical and imaging characteristics of patients in different age groups were statistically analyzed. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and Chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of clinical symptoms and imaging features in patients of different ages. RESULTS: A total of 368 patients were collected, including 24 males, with an average age of 27.63±15.90 years. There were 344 females with an average age of 32.61±15.61 years. The incidence of pain was 21.31%, occlusal change was 50.82%, and condylar absorption flat was 50.82% in the 10-19 age group. The incidence of pain in 20-29 age group was 31.06%, occlusal change was 53.42%, and condylar absorption flattening was 45.34%. In 50-59 age group, the incidence of pain was 83.33%, occlusal changes were 2.38%, and hyperplasia or osteophyte formation was 47.62%. In age group ≥60 years old, the incidence of pain was 82.86%, occlusal changes were 2.86%, and hyperplasia or osteophyte formation was 60%. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of clinical features, patients under 40 years old are more likely to have occlusal changes, while patients over 40 years old are most likely to have joint pain. Radiographically, patients under 40 years old are mainly characterized by bone loss in the condyle, while patients over 40 years old are mainly characterized by condylar hyperplasia.

Free-radical oxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular disorders.

AIMS: To measure the activity of oxygen free radicals and the level of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the synovial fluid (SF) of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). METHODS: Thirty-two patients were divided into 3 subgroups: anterior disc displacement with reduction, anterior disc displacement without reduction, and osteoarthrosis. Six healthy volunteers served as controls. A pumping procedure was used to take SF from the superior TMJ space. The concentration of lipid peroxidation products was assessed by means of the thiobarbituric acid reaction, and the level of SOD was assessed with spectrophotometry. RESULTS: SF levels of lipid peroxides (LPO) in the control and patient groups were 0.010 (+/- 0.004) x 10(-3) nmol/mg protein and 0.61 (+/- 0.121) x 10(-3) nmol/mg protein, respectively. SF SOD levels were 4.61 (+/- 1.30) NU/mg protein and 9.83 (+/- 2.66) NU/mg protein, respectively. Both the concentration of LPO and the level of SOD activity were significantly higher in the TMD patients than in the normal control subjects (P < .001 and P < .01, respectively). There were no significant differences in the level of LPO or SOD between the 3 subgroups. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate oxygen free radicals and antioxidant enzymes may be connected in the pathogenesis of TMD.

Increased risks between Interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and haplotype and head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis.

Molecular epidemiological research suggests that interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms may be associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer (HNC), but results remain controversial. To derive a more precise evaluation, we performed a meta-analysis focused on genetic polymorphisms of IL-10. PubMed, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched for studies that examined the relationship between IL-10 polymorphisms or haplotypes and HNC risk. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to assess the relationship strength. Publication bias, sensitivity and cumulative analyses were conducted to measure the robustness of our findings. Overall, nine related studies involving 2,258 patients and 2,887 control samples were analyzed. Significant associations between the IL-10-1082A > G polymorphism and HNC risk were observed (G vs. A: OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.27-1.92, P < 0.01, I(2) = 69.4%; AG vs. AA: OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.32-2.05, P < 0.01, I(2) = 55.6%; GG vs. AA: OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.69-2.97, P < 0.01, I(2) = 38.5%; AG + GG vs. AA: OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.36-2.14, P = 0.02, I(2) = 61.8%; GG vs. AA + AG: OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.23-2.90, P = 0.01, I(2) = 46.3%) in the total population, as well as in subgroup analysis. Moreover, increased HNC risks were also associated with the IL-10 -819T > C polymorphism and the GCC haplotype. In conclusion, our meta-analyses suggest that IL-10 polymorphisms, specifically the -1082A > G polymorphism, may be associated with increased risk of HNC development.

Dislocation of an upper third molar into the maxillary sinus after a severe trauma: a case report.

Dental injuries are common following facial trauma. This article presents a rare injury: the dislocation of a third molar into the maxillary sinus after complex mandibular and maxillary tuberosity fractures. The possible mechanism and clinical treatment are discussed.