Genotyping of dengue virus from infected tissue samples embedded in paraffin.

Dengue has become one of the vector-borne diseases that affect humans worldwide. In Latin American countries, Colombia is historically one of the most affected by epidemics of this flavivirus. The underreporting of signs and symptoms of probable cases of dengue, the lack of characterization of the serotypes of the infection, and the few detailed studies of postmortem necropsies of patients are among other conditions that have delayed progress in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of the disease. This study presents the results of fragment sequencing assays on paraffin-embedded tissue samples from fatal DENV cases during the 2010 epidemic in Colombia. We found that the predominant serotype was DENV-2, with the Asian/American genotype of lineages 1 and 2. This work is one of the few reports of the circulating genotypes of dengue during the 2010 epidemic in Colombia, one of the most lethal dates in the country's history.

Empirical Second-Line Therapy in 5000 Patients of the European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management (Hp-EuReg).

BACKGROUND & AIMS: After a first Helicobacter pylori eradication attempt, approximately 20% of patients will remain infected. The aim of the current study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of second-line empiric treatment in Europe. METHODS: This international, multicenter, prospective, non-interventional registry aimed to evaluate the decisions and outcomes of H pylori management by European gastroenterologists. All infected adult cases with a previous eradication treatment attempt were registered with the Spanish Association of Gastroenterology-Research Electronic Data Capture until February 2021. Patients allergic to penicillin and those who received susceptibility-guided therapy were excluded. Data monitoring was performed to ensure data quality. RESULTS: Overall, 5055 patients received empiric second-line treatment. Triple therapy with amoxicillin and levofloxacin was prescribed most commonly (33%). The overall effectiveness was 82% by modified intention-to-treat analysis and 83% in the per-protocol population. After failure of first-line clarithromycin-containing treatment, optimal eradication (>90%) was obtained with moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy or levofloxacin-containing quadruple therapy (with bismuth). In patients receiving triple therapy containing levofloxacin or moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin-bismuth quadruple treatment, cure rates were optimized with 14-day regimens using high doses of proton pump inhibitors. However, 3-in-1 single capsule or levofloxacin-bismuth quadruple therapy produced reliable eradication rates regardless of proton pump inhibitor dose, duration of therapy, or previous first-line treatment. The overall incidence of adverse events was 28%, and most (85%) were mild. Three patients developed serious adverse events (0.3%) requiring hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Empiric second-line regimens including 14-day quinolone triple therapies, 14-day levofloxacin-bismuth quadruple therapy, 14-day tetracycline-bismuth classic quadruple therapy, and 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy (as a single capsule) provided optimal effectiveness. However, many other second-line treatments evaluated reported low eradication rates. ClincialTrials.gov number: NCT02328131.

From metastasis to the primary tumor: Giant liver metastasis from a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.

We present the case of a 37-years old male, who consulted for an extended history of intermittent nausea and vomiting. Laboratory tests showed moderate elevated bilirubin (1.30 mg/dL) and GGT (106 U/L). An abdominal CT scan performed showed a solid 18-centimetres (cm) mass located in the right liver lobe. A biopsy of the lesion was performed, revealing metastastic cells of a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumour (NET, G3 (Ki-67: 25%). Further study was performed with MRI, and SPECT-CT, showing a 2-cm lesion in the pancreatic tail suggestive of being the primary NET. Chromogranin A levels were high (114.100 ng/ml). In our case, despite the large size of the liver metastasis a full resection of the tumours was achieved.

European Registry on Helicobacter pylori management (Hp-EuReg): patterns and trends in first-line empirical eradication prescription and outcomes of 5 years and 21 533 patients.

OBJECTIVE: The best approach for Helicobacter pylori management remains unclear. An audit process is essential to ensure clinical practice is aligned with best standards of care. DESIGN: International multicentre prospective non-interventional registry starting in 2013 aimed to evaluate the decisions and outcomes in H. pylori management by European gastroenterologists. Patients were registered in an e-CRF by AEG-REDCap. Variables included demographics, previous eradication attempts, prescribed treatment, adverse events and outcomes. Data monitoring was performed to ensure data quality. Time-trend and geographical analyses were performed. RESULTS: 30 394 patients from 27 European countries were evaluated and 21 533 (78%) first-line empirical H. pylori treatments were included for analysis. Pretreatment resistance rates were 23% to clarithromycin, 32% to metronidazole and 13% to both. Triple therapy with amoxicillin and clarithromycin was most commonly prescribed (39%), achieving 81.5% modified intention-to-treat eradication rate. Over 90% eradication was obtained only with 10-day bismuth quadruple or 14-day concomitant treatments. Longer treatment duration, higher acid inhibition and compliance were associated with higher eradication rates. Time-trend analysis showed a region-dependent shift in prescriptions including abandoning triple therapies, using higher acid-inhibition and longer treatments, which was associated with an overall effectiveness increase (84%-90%). CONCLUSION: Management of H. pylori infection by European gastroenterologists is heterogeneous, suboptimal and discrepant with current recommendations. Only quadruple therapies lasting at least 10 days are able to achieve over 90% eradication rates. European recommendations are being slowly and heterogeneously incorporated into routine clinical practice, which was associated with a corresponding increase in effectiveness.

Adverse Event Profile During the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori: A Real-World Experience of 22,000 Patients From the European Registry on H. pylori Management (Hp-EuReg).

INTRODUCTION: The safety of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatments and to what extent adverse events (AEs) influence therapeutic compliance in clinical practice are hardly known. Our aim was to assess the frequency, type, intensity, and duration of AEs, and their impact on compliance, for the most frequently used treatments in the "European Registry on Helicobacter pylori management." METHODS: Systematic prospective noninterventional registry of the clinical practice of European gastroenterologists (27 countries, 300 investigators) on the management of H. pylori infection in routine clinical practice. All prescribed eradication treatments and their corresponding safety profile were recorded. AEs were classified depending on the intensity of symptoms as mild/moderate/severe and as serious AEs. All data were subject to quality control. RESULTS: The different treatments prescribed to 22,492 patients caused at least 1 AE in 23% of the cases; the classic bismuth-based quadruple therapy was the worst tolerated (37% of AEs). Taste disturbance (7%), diarrhea (7%), nausea (6%), and abdominal pain (3%) were the most frequent AEs. The majority of AEs were mild (57%), 6% were severe, and only 0.08% were serious, with an average duration of 7 days. The treatment compliance rate was 97%. Only 1.3% of the patients discontinued treatment due to AEs. Longer treatment durations were significantly associated with a higher incidence of AEs in standard triple, concomitant, bismuth quadruple, and levofloxacin triple or quadruple therapies. DISCUSSION: Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment frequently induces AEs, although they are usually mild and of limited duration. Their appearance does not interfere significantly with treatment compliance.

Combination of Bismuth and Standard Triple Therapy Eradicates Helicobacter pylori Infection in More than 90% of Patients.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Due to the poor eradication rates of standard triple therapy, the addition of bismuth salts has been proposed for first-line eradication of Helicobacter pylori. We assessed the effectiveness and safety of the combination of bismuth and the standard, clarithromycin-containing triple therapy in eradication of H pylori infection, using data from a large multi-center registry. METHODS: We performed an interim analysis of data from the European Registry on H pylori Management, a prospective trial registering clinical data and outcomes from infected patients from 27 countries in Europe since 2013. We extracted data on 1141 treatment-naïve patients who received first-line treatment with bismuth salts (240 mg) and a proton pump inhibitor (57% received esomeprazole, 18% received omeprazole, 11% received pantoprazole, and 14% received rabeprazole), amoxicillin (1 g), and clarithromycin (500 mg), all taken twice daily. RESULTS: Intention to treat and per-protocol rates of eradication were 88% and 94%, respectively. Intention to treat eradication increased to 93% in patients who received 14-day treatments. Adverse events occurred in 36% of patients; 76% of these events were mild, with a mean duration of 6 days. In multivariate analysis, eradication was associated with treatment compliance (odds ratio [OR], 13.0), a double dose (equivalent to 40 mg omeprazole) of proton pump inhibitor (OR, 4.7), and 14-day duration of treatment (OR, 2.0). CONCLUSIONS: In an analysis of data from a large multi-center registry, we found the addition of bismuth to 14-day standard triple therapy with clarithromycin and amoxicillin to eradicate H pylori infection in more than 90% of patients, based on intention to treat analysis, with an acceptable safety profile and level of adherence. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT02328131.

Bismuth quadruple regimen with tetracycline or doxycycline versus three-in-one single capsule as third-line rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: Spanish data of the European Helicobacter pylori Registry (Hp-EuReg).

BACKGROUND: Different bismuth quadruple therapies containing proton-pump inhibitors, bismuth salts, metronidazole, and a tetracycline have been recommended as third-line Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment after failure with clarithromycin and levofloxacin. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of third-line treatments with bismuth, metronidazole, and either tetracycline or doxycycline. METHODS: Sub-study with Spanish data of the "European Registry on H pylori Management" (Hp-EuReg), international multicenter prospective non-interventional Registry of the routine clinical practice of gastroenterologists. After previous failure with clarithromycin- and levofloxacin-containing therapies, patients receiving a third-line regimen with 10/14-day bismuth salts, metronidazole, and either tetracycline (BQT-Tet) or doxycycline (BQT-Dox), or single capsule (BQT-three-in-one) were included. Data were registered at AEG-REDCap database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: Four-hundred and fifty-four patients have been treated so far: 85 with BQT-Tet, 94 with BQT-Dox, and 275 with BQT-three-in-one. Average age was 53 years, 68% were women. Overall modified intention-to-treat and per-protocol eradication rates were 81% (BQT-Dox: 65%, BQT-Tet: 76%, BQT-three-in-one: 88%) and 82% (BQT-Dox: 66%, BQT-Tet: 77%, BQT-three-in-one: 88%), respectively. By logistic regression, higher eradication rates were associated with compliance (OR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.01-8.84) and no prior metronidazole use (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.15-3.33); BQT-three-in-one was superior to BQT-Dox (OR = 4.46; 95% CI = 2.51-8.27), and BQT-Tet was marginally superior to BQT-Dox (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 0.85-3.29). CONCLUSION: Third-line H pylori eradication with bismuth quadruple treatment (after failure with clarithromycin and levofloxacin) offers acceptable efficacy and safety. Highest efficacy was found in compliant patients and those taking 10-day BQT-three-in-one or 14-day BQT-Tet. Doxycycline seems to be less effective and therefore should not be recommended.

Helicobacter pylori first-line and rescue treatments in patients allergic to penicillin: Experience from the European Registry on H pylori management (Hp-EuReg).

BACKGROUND: Experience in Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment of patients allergic to penicillin is very scarce. A triple combination with a PPI, clarithromycin (C), and metronidazole (M) is often prescribed as the first option, although more recently the use of a quadruple therapy with PPI, bismuth (B), tetracycline (T), and M has been recommended. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line and rescue treatments in patients allergic to penicillin in the "European Registry of H pylori management" (Hp-EuReg). METHODS: A systematic prospective registry of the clinical practice of European gastroenterologists (27 countries, 300 investigators) on the management of H pylori infection. An e-CRF was created on AEG-REDCap. Patients with penicillin allergy were analyzed until June 2019. RESULTS: One-thousand eighty-four patients allergic to penicillin were analyzed. The most frequently prescribed first-line treatments were as follows: PPI + C + M (n = 285) and PPI + B + T + M (classic or Pylera® ; n = 250). In first line, the efficacy of PPI + C + M was 69%, while PPI + B + T + M reached 91% (P < .001). In second line, after the failure of PPI + C + M, two rescue options showed similar efficacy: PPI + B + T + M (78%) and PPI + C + levofloxacin (L) (71%) (P > .05). In third line, after the failure of PPI + C + M and PPI + C + L, PPI + B + T + M was successful in 75% of cases. CONCLUSION: In patients allergic to penicillin, a triple combination with PPI + C + M should not be generally recommended as a first-line treatment, while a quadruple regimen with PPI + B + T + M seems to be a better option. As a rescue treatment, this quadruple regimen (if not previously prescribed) or a triple regimen with PPI + C + L could be used but achieved suboptimal (<80%) results.

Advanced Nursing Process quality: Comparing the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) with the NANDA-International (NANDA-I) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC).

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the quality of the advanced nursing process in nursing documentation in two hospitals. BACKGROUND: Various standardised terminologies are employed by nurses worldwide, whether for teaching, research or patient care. These systems can improve the quality of nursing records, enable care continuity, consistency in written communication and enhance safety for patients and providers alike. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 138 records from two facilities (69 records from each facility) were analysed, one using the NANDA-International and Nursing Interventions Classification terminology (Centre 1) and one the International Classification for Nursing Practice (Centre 2), by means of the Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes instrument. Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes scores range from 0-58 points. Nursing records were dated 2012-2013 for Centre 1 and 2010-2011 for Centre 2. RESULTS: Centre 1 had a Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes score of 35·46 (±6·45), whereas Centre 2 had a Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes score of 31·72 (±4·62) (p < 0·001). Centre 2 had higher scores in the 'Nursing Diagnoses as Process' dimension, whereas in the 'Nursing Diagnoses as Product', 'Nursing Interventions' and 'Nursing Outcomes' dimensions, Centre 1 exhibited superior performance; acceptable reliability values were obtained for both centres, except for the 'Nursing Interventions' domain in Centre 1 and the 'Nursing Diagnoses as Process' and 'Nursing Diagnoses as Product' domains in Centre 2. CONCLUSION: The quality of nursing documentation was superior at Centre 1, although both facilities demonstrated moderate scores considering the maximum potential score of 58 points. Reliability analyses showed satisfactory results for both standardised terminologies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nursing leaders should use a validated instrument to investigate the quality of nursing records after implementation of standardised terminologies.

Liver metastasis from neuroendocrine carcinoma after the use of the new direct-action antivirals against hepatitis C virus in a patient with past history of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The use of the new direct-action antivirals against hepatitis C virus provides very high viral eradication rates. However, various recently published articles recommend caution with their use after the appearance of some cases of de novo tumors (originated in hepatic and extra-hepatic locations) and a possible shorter time period of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinomas previously treated with surgery or loco-regional therapies. The sudden drop of the number of natural killer cells secondary to the use of these new medicines has been suggested as one of the possible mechanisms responsible for this process. However, due to the controversy concerning this subject and the absence of long-term follow-up studies in clinical practice, caution is needed before definitive conclusions are settled. We present the case report of a patient diagnosed of chronic liver disease secondary to hepatitis C virus infection and a past history of hepatocellular carcinoma in complete remission after radiofrequency ablation. He was treated with the new direct-action antivirals reaching sustained viral response. Six months later, the patient was diagnosed with liver metastasis from a small-cell neuroendocrine tumor of unknown primary site.

Hypercontractile esophagus: Clinical context and motors findings in high resolution manometry.

BACKGROUND: Hypercontractile esophagus (HE) is a primary hypercontractile disorder of the esophageal musculature not frequently seen in the general population. It is characterized by the presence of at least one contraction with a very high amplitude and duration (DCI > 8,000 mmHg/s/cm) in patients with esophageal symptoms. The aim of our study was to assess the clinical context and manometric characteristics in patients with HE using highresolution manometry (HRM). METHODS: We thoroughly reviewed the clinical features and manometric findings of a total of 720 patients with esophageal symptoms that were attended in the Department of Gastroenterology of our hospital between June 2011 and June 2013. RESULTS: We found seven patients that met criteria for HE according to the Chicago Classification (2012). All of the patients were women (100%). Mean age was 64 years old. Most frequent symptoms were: Chest pain, dysphagia and heartburn.In one patient (14%) the HE was related to a gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) outflow obstruction. Three patients (43%) had more than one hypercontractile contraction in the study. Four patient (57%) hade multipeaked pattern (Jackhammer esophagus) and y two of them were synchronized with respiration. Two patients (29%) were diagnosed with hiatus hernias. Integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) was not higher in hypercontractile contractions than in normal contractions. Only one patient presented a slight alteration of the relaxation (IRP-4s = 15 mmHg) with normal peristalsis, GEJ outflow obstruction and not multipeakeded pattern. One patient presented pathological acid exposure (PAE) in 24-hours pH-metry. CONCLUSIONS: HE is a rare disorder and HRM is essential for its correct diagnosis and characterization. The treatment of HE should achieve the disappearance or at least improvement of the patient´s symptoms and avoid unnecessary diagnostic testing.

Reduced flow after tubularized incised plate urethroplasty--increased fibrogenesis, elastin fiber loss or neither?

PURPOSE: Low urinary flow rates are common after tubularized incised plate urethroplasty but the etiology remains unclear and may be related to low urethral compliance due to abnormal collagen concentrations and/or fewer elastic fibers in the healed urethral plate. We hypothesized that inserting a preputial mucosal graft over the dorsal raw area after the midline incision may avoid scarring and improve urethral compliance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult rabbits were submitted to tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with or without inlay preputial graft according to a previously described protocol. Tissular concentrations of collagens I, III, IV, VI, VIII and XIII were measured. Histomorphometric analysis was used to quantify elastic fibers in the urethra. Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with and without inlay preputial graft was compared to normal rabbit urethras (controls). RESULTS: mRNA concentrations for collagens I, II and XIII were similar between controls and operated rabbits. The proportions between collagens I and III were 1.05, 0.87 and 1.21, respectively, in controls and animals undergoing tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with and without inlay preputial graft. mRNA concentrations for collagen IV and collagens VI/VIII tended to be higher and lower, respectively, in the operated urethras, despite showing statistical significance only for collagen VIII in animals undergoing tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with inlay preputial graft vs controls (p=0.02). The operated animals did not demonstrate a reduced number of elastic fibers in the urethral tissues compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Elastic fiber number and distribution were similar between tubularized incised plate urethroplasty cases and controls, suggesting that decreased concentrations of elastic fibers do not explain the reduced urethral compliance after tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. The raw area determined by the dorsal urethral incision regenerated after standard tubularized incised plate urethroplasty, while cicatrization with fibrosis occurred in correspondence to the grafted areas after tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with inlay preputial graft.

Effect of day 5 or 6 blastocyst embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes in euthyroid women undergoing IVF: A single centre retrospective cohort.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether blastocysts transferred on day 5 or day 6 of embryo development, as well as positivity for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, affect gestational outcomes in euthyroid women undergoing in vitro fertilisation. METHODS: Of 428 women who underwent in vitro fertilisation assessed in this retrospective cohort study, 212 (49.5%) underwent embryo transfer on day 5 of blastulation and 216 (50.5%) on day 6. Dichotomization based on anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies status was also performed, with 370 (86.4%) women testing negative and 58 (13.6%) testing positive. Clinical and hormonal data and rates of clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live births were compared between the groups. RESULTS: When evaluating gestational outcomes based on the day of blastulation, a statistically significant difference was observed in clinical pregnancy rates [51.4% (day 5) vs. 40.7% (day 6); p=0.033]. However, there was no significant difference in the relative frequencies of miscarriages (p=1.000), live births (p=1.000), or preterm births (p=1.000). Using Cramer's V test, a weak association was found between the day of blastulation and clinical pregnancy outcomes (V2=10.7%; p=0.027). There were no statistically significant differences between the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies-negative and -positive groups in terms of clinical pregnancy rates (p=0.396), miscarriages (p=0.129), and live births (p=0.129). CONCLUSIONS: Higher rates of clinical pregnancy were observed in women who underwent embryo transfers performed on day 5 compared to those on day 6. However, no effect was observed with gestational outcomes. Further, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity did not have a statistically significant impact on gestational outcomes.

The influence of drying routes on the properties of anisotropic all-cellulose composite foams from post-consumer cotton clothing.

Biopolymer-based functional materials are essential for reducing the carbon footprint and providing high-quality lightweight materials suitable for packaging and thermal insulation. Here, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were efficiently upcycled from post-consumer cotton clothing by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and HCl hydrolysis with a yield of 62% and combined with wood cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) to produce anisotropic foams by unidirectional freeze-casting followed by freeze drying (FD) or supercritical-drying (SCD). Unidirectional freeze-casting resulted in foams with aligned macropores irrespective of the drying method, but the particle packing in the foam wall was significantly affected by how the ice was removed. The FD foams showed tightly packed and aligned CNC and CNF particles while the SCD foams displayed a more network-like structure in the foam walls. The SCD compared to FD foams had more pores smaller than 300 nm and higher specific surface area but they were more susceptible to moisture-induced shrinkage, especially at relative humidities (RH) > 50%. The FD and SCD foams displayed low radial thermal conductivity, and the FD foams displayed a higher mechanical strength and stiffness in compression in the direction of the aligned particles. Better understanding how drying influences the structural, thermal, mechanical and moisture-related properties of foams based on repurposed cotton is important for the development of sustainable nanostructured materials for various applications.

Anisotropic foams derived from textile-based cellulose nanocrystals and xanthan gum.

The upcycling of discarded garments can help to mitigate the environmental impact of the textile industry. Here, we fabricated hybrid anisotropic foams having cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which were isolated from discarded cotton textiles and had varied surface chemistries as structural components, in combination with xanthan gum (XG) as a physical crosslinker of the dispersion used for foam preparation. All CNCs had crystallinity indices above 85 %, zeta potential values below -40 mV at 1 mM NaCl, and true densities ranging from 1.61 to 1.67 g·cm-3. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements indicated weak interactions between CNC and XG, while rheology measurements showed that highly charged CNCs caused the XG chains to change from an extended to a helicoidal conformation, resulting in changes the in viscoelastic properties of the dispersions. The inclusion of XG significantly enhanced the compression mechanical properties of the freeze-casted foams without compromising their thermal properties, anisotropy, or degree of alignment. CNC-XG foams maintained structural integrity even after exposure to high humidity (91 %) and temperatures (100 °C) and displayed very low radial thermal conductivities. This research provides a viable avenue for upcycling cotton-based clothing waste into high-performance materials.

Delphi consensus on add-ons and social midia in Assisted Reproductive Technology.

This article reports the annals of a national consensus meeting on add-ons and social networks in Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ART). The panel of experts has developed a set of consensus points and this document is intended to be referenced as a national consensus to allow social networks and add-ons to be used in ART, following the standards of the Code of Medical Ethics and the Federal Council of Medicine, in a safe ethical and responsible way.

Self-made transvaginal ultrasound simulator: new training equipment in ultrasound evaluation of controlled ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval.

Aim: We sought to create and describe a self-made simulator designed and created for teaching purposes: a high-fidelity ultrasound phantom for demonstrating antral follicle count, ultrasound supervision of controlled of ovarian stimulation, and ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval. Materials and methods: The uterus and ovaries of the ultrasound phantom were made from beef tongue, a male condom, latex gloves, cotton suture threads, bi-distilled water, and ultrasound gel. The components were placed in a pelvis created using three-dimensional (3D) printing. The phantom was presented to and evaluated by a group of 14 physicians pursuing a postgraduate course in reproductive medicine. Two training stations were structured: one to simulate antral follicle count and controlled ovarian stimulation and the other to simulate ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval. Future specialists were requested to complete a feedback questionnaire evaluating the self-made simulator and the two practice stations. Results: The transvaginal ultrasound phantom was successfully created, making it possible to simulate antral follicle count, ultrasound control of ovarian hyperstimulation, and oocyte retrieval, and to capture ultrasound images. A review of the answers provided in the feedback questionnaire showed that the phantom had a good appearance and design, was realistic, helped to improve motor coordination, and could be a useful tool in the training of specialists in assisted reproduction. Conclusion: This phantom was designed to enable instruction and practice in the evaluation of ovarian follicles and ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval in a supervised training environment. This self-made simulator is proposed as a training tool that could be included in the curricular structure of residency and postgraduate programs in reproductive medicine.

Multisystem Failure in Fatal Dengue: Associations between the Infectious Viral Serotype and Clinical and Histopathological Findings.

Dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral infection of humans. However, its viral pathogenesis is still unknown. The information collected from dengue fatal cases is crucial for understanding the complex interactions between virulence and host factors. This study aimed to establish possible associations between the clinical characteristics, histopathological changes, replication, and tissue location of viral serotypes in dengue fatal cases. Clinical and histopathological characterizations, antigen localization in tissue, and detection of the infecting serotype and replication using real-time polymerase chain reaction were all performed on the dengue fatal cases. The majority of the cases involved people under the age of 20. Bleeding (48.3%), abdominal pain (44.8%), myalgia (52.9%), and headache (48.3%) were the most common clinical manifestations in the cases. There was multiorgan pathology, with histopathological changes primarily in the liver, spleen, and lung. Similarly, the viral antigen was found primarily in these organs; however, there were no associations between tissue changes, viral location, infecting serotypes, and replication processes. Dengue infection should be considered a multiorgan disease, the outcome of which is possibly not associated with the infecting viral serotype.

Successful Sirolimus Treatment for Recurrent Pericardial Effusion in a Large Cervicomediastinal Provisionally Unclassified Vascular Anomaly: A Case Report.

Provisionally unclassified vascular anomalies (PUVA) are a group of diseases with unique characteristics that make them unclassifiable within vascular tumors or malformations. We describe a PUVA as the cause of recurrent pericardial effusion and its response to sirolimus. A 6-year-old girl was referred with a cervicothoracic vascular anomaly, a violaceous, and irregular lesion in the neck and upper chest, diagnosed as "hemangioma". She had pericardial effusion at the neonatal age that required pericardiocentesis, propranolol, and corticosteroids. She remained stable for 5 years, when she presented with a severe pericardial effusion. A magnetic resonance visualized a diffuse vascular image in the cervical and thoracic region with mediastinal extension. The pathological study showed a vascular proliferation in the dermis and hypodermis with positive staining for Wilms' Tumor 1 Protein (WT1) and negative for Glut-1. Genetic testing found a variant in GNA14 , for which the diagnosis of PUVA was established. When a pericardial drain was placed without response, treatment with sirolimus was started with resolution of the effusion. Sixteen months later, the malformation is stable and there has been no recurrence of pericardial effusion. In a significant group of patients, definitive diagnosis is not possible despite pathological and genetic analysis. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors may become a therapeutic option if symptoms are severe enough, with a low rate of reported side effects.