Acromegaly and associated tumours: what should gastroenterologists know? / Acromegalia y tumores asociados: ¿qué debemos saber los gastroenterólogos?

Acromegaly is a clinical syndrome caused by the excessive production of growth hormone. It is associated with high morbidity and significantly increased mortality, mainly due to cardiovascular and respiratory complications, and cancer. Mortality is reduced to that of the general population following successful treatment, in other words, when insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and growth hormone values return to normal levels. Not all tumours associated with this syndrome benefit from cost-effective early diagnosis programmes. An in-depth knowledge on the part of clinicians of the morbidity and mortality associated with acromegaly, allowing them in many cases to anticipate the expected clinical course of the disease, is the best therapeutic and follow-up strategy in these patients.

Efecto del extracto etanólico Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense y Erythroxylum coca var. coca frente al Streptococcus mutans / Effect of the ethanolic extract of Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense and Erythroxylum coca var. coca front to Streptococcus mutans

RESUMEN Objetivos : Comparar el efecto antibacteriano in vitro de los extractos etanólico de dos variedades de hoja de coca: Erythroxylum coca var. coca y Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense sobre el Streptococcus mutans. Material y métodos: Mediante el método de difusión por discos, se procedió a la aplicación de los extractos etanólicos de las dos variedades a las concentraciones 100%, 50%, 25% y 12,5% con controles positivo de Clorhexidina 0,12 % y negativo de Alcohol 96º en los cultivos de la cepa de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) sembrados en Agar Tripticasa Soya. La incubación se realizó a 37 °C por 48 horas en condiciones de anaerobiosis parcial. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS Versión 22. Mediante la Prueba U de Mann Whitney y Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: El extracto etanólico de Erythroxylum coca var. coca al 100% y 50% presentaron mayor halo de inhibición 18,65± 2,434 y 17,10 ± 2,654 con respecto al extracto etanólico de Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense que fueron de 15,30 ± 1,895 y 14,05 ± 1.932. respectivamente. Conclusiones: Se determinó que el extracto etanólico de Erythroxylum coca var. coca al 100% y 50% tiene mayor efecto antibacteriano que la variedad Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense al 100% frente al Streptococcus mutans.

ABSTRACT Objectives : To compare the antibacterial effect of the ethanolic extracts of two varieties of coca leaf "in vitro": Erythroxylum coca var. coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense on Streptococcus mutans. Material and methods: Using the method of diffusion by discs, the ethanolic extracts of the two varieties were applied at concentrations 100%, 50%, 25% and 12.5% with positive controls of Chlorhexidine 0.12% and negative of 96º Alcohol in the cultures of the Streptococcus mutans strain (ATCC 25175) sown in Tripticasa Soya Agar. Incubation was performed at 37 ° C for 48 hours under conditions of partial anaerobiosis. The statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS Version 22 program by means of the Mann Whitney U Test and Kruskal Wallis. Results: Erythroxylum coca var. coca 100% and 50% had a greater inhibition halo 18.65 ± 2.434 and 17.10 ± 2.654 with respect to the ethanolic extract of Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense that were 15.30 ± 1.895 and 14.05 ±1.932. respectively. Conclusions : It was determined that the ethanolic extract of Erythroxylum coca var. coca 100% and 50% has a greater antibacterial effect than the Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense 100% against Streptococcus mutans.

Complejo esclerosis tuberosa en población aymara: relato de un caso / Tuberous sclerosis complex in the Aymara population: a case report

El Complejo Esclerosis Tuberosa (CET) es una enfermedad de origen genético, multisistémica de transmisión autosómica dominante, se debe a la mutación de los genes TSC1 (Tuberose Sclerosis Complex 1) y TSC2 de los cromosomas 9 y 16 respectivamente. Las manifestaciones clínicas se deben a la presencia de lesiones tumorales benignas (harmatomas) en diferentes órganos lo que genera un amplio espectro de signos y síntomas. El caso que se presenta es de una adolescente de origen aymara con epilepsia, retraso mental y lesiones dérmicas típicas. Es una enfermedad poco frecuente en nuestro medio y rara en personas de origen indígena, no encontrándose ninguna descripción en la literatura nacional. Por la multiplicidad de las manifestaciones clínicas, se hace necesario divulgar la información para que que las diferentes especialidades médicas reconozcan y diagnostiquen esta patología tempranamente para un tratamiento adecuado, oportuno y interdisciplinar.

The Tuberose Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a genetic, multisystemic disease of autosomal dominant transmission, due to the mutation of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes of chromosomes 9 and 16 respectively. The clinical manifestations are due to the presence of benign tumor lesions (harmatomas) in different organs, which generates a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms. The case presented is that of a teenager of Aymara origin with epilepsy, mental retardation and typical skin lesions. It is a rare disease in our environment and rare in people of indigenous origin, no description found in the national literature. Due to the multiplicity of the clinical manifestations, it is necessary to disseminate the information so that the different medical specialties recognize and diagnose this pathology early for an adequate, timely and interdisciplinary treatment.