Colorectal cancer in the young: a possible role for immune surveillance?

BACKGROUND: Younger patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) generally have better survival in spite of worse clinical and pathological features. METHODS: Twenty-six patients under 50 years operated for primary CRC were enrolled and matched 1:2:2 according to stage, tumor site and gender with 52 patients from 50 to 70 years and 52 patients over 70 years old. RESULTS: Patients under 50 years had a significantly longer overall, cancer specific and disease free survival (p = .001, p = .007 and p = .05, respectively). However, they had more frequently lymphovascular invasion (p = .006) and they more frequently developed metachronous CRC at follow-up (p = .03). Nevertheless, preoperative lymphocytes blood count/white blood count (LBC/WBC) ratio inversely correlated with age at operation (rho = -.21, p = .04) and it predicted CRC recurrence with an accuracy of 70%, p < .001 (threshold value LBC/WBC = 0.21%) and better overall, cancer specific and disease free survival (p < .0001 for all). At multivariate analysis, stage and LBC/WBC ratio resulted independent predictors of disease free survival (p = .0001 and p = .01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients under 50 years had a significantly longer survival with a higher LBC/WBC ratio. These results could suggest a possible role of immunosurveillance in neoplastic control.

Selection criteria for non-surgical treatment of liver injury in adult polytraumatized patients.

Conservative treatment of hepatic trauma is currently implemented in 80-90% of cases with a success rate of 92.5% and is mainly based on the haemodynamic status of the patients. We conducted a retrospective study of 71 patients with hepatic trauma from January 1993 to April 2001 and reviewed our experience with surgical and conservative treatment, also considering associated extrahepatic lesions. Fifty-three (74.6%) patients with liver trauma underwent celiotomy and 18 (25.3%) were treated conservatively. Haemodynamic instability was the most common indication for surgery (34 patients). Eighteen (52.9%) patients required an extrahepatic surgical procedure. Nineteen (35.8%) patients were haemodynamically stable and the indications for surgery in these cases were penetrating trauma in 6, large haemoperitoneum in 12, and diaphragmatic rupture in 1. The overall mortality in the operated group was 15%, but the liver-related mortality rate was 7.5%. The success rate for conservative management was 88.8%, with mortality 0% and morbidity 11%. The patients managed conservatively had grades of injury (I-III) similar to the haemodynamically stable operated patients (94.4% vs 94.7%), whereas the haemoperitoneum was larger in the operated group (63.1% vs 11.1%). Non-operative management is the preferred treatment option in haemodynamically stable patients with limited haemoperitoneum, regardless of the grade of the hepatic lesion, and without severe intra-abdominal injuries.

Acute appendicitis: what is the gold standard of treatment?

McBurney's procedure represented the gold-standard for acute appendicitis until 1981, but nowadays the number of laparoscopic appendectomies has progressively increased since it has been demonstrated to be a safe procedure, with excellent cosmetic results and it also allows a shorter hospitalization, a quicker and less painful postoperative recovery. The aim of this editorial was to perform a review of the literature in order to address controversial issues in the treatment of acute appendicitis.