Mechanism of Action of Limonene in Tumor Cells: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease, and a major public health problem, as it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although treatments have significantly improved, still more effective drugs are searched. One source for these drugs is natural products (NPs). One NP that has shown anticancer activity is Limonene. However, the mechanisms of limonene's antiproliferative, anticancer and antineoplastic activity are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on this subject. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the Scopus, MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases using the keywords: "limonene", "cancer", "neoplasm", and "tumor". The inclusion criteria were: in vivo and in vitro studies on the use of limonene in cancer published in English, Portuguese and Spanish until December 2019. Review articles, meta-analyses, abstracts, conference papers, editorials/ letters and case reports were excluded. RESULTS: The search identified 3568 articles, of which, 126 were selected for full reading, with 11 papers meeting the review criteria. Six more papers were added from the references of the initial 11 texts, giving a total of 17 papers. There was a high level of agreement in inclusion/exclusion (Kappa index > 80%). The risk of bias in the texts was shown to be high. CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis suggests that limonene acts mainly on tumor regression induced apoptosis and is a promising natural product for use in the treatment of several types of cancer.

Dolutegravir: Virologic response and tolerability of initial antiretroviral regimens for adults living with HIV.

The integrase inhibitor dolutegravir was included in initial antiretroviral therapy in Brazil in January 2017. Studies have demonstrated that the efficacy and safety of antiretrovirals have improved with the introduction of new classes of antiretrovirals, such as integrase inhibitors. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of individuals with a virologic response by week 24 of antiretroviral treatment and to describe the adverse events of the regimen containing dolutegravir. This was a cohort of people living with HIV followed up at a referral hospital. Patients were included who had initiated their first treatment between January and August 2017. Data were obtained from medical records, the Drug Logistics Management System and from the Laboratory Tests Control System. Two hundred and twenty-two patients were included for the tolerability analysis and one hundred and thirty-seven for the virologic response analysis. The mean age was 34 years, the median time between diagnosis and initiating treatment was 1.9 months and the median time on antiretroviral therapy was 13.2 months. The frequency of adverse events was 10% (95% CI: 7% to 15.2%), of these, amongst the most frequent events, 91% presented gastrointestinal effects, and 47.8% neuropsychiatric. By week 24 the estimated incidence of virologic response was 89.1% (95% CI: 83% to 93.5%), with an increase during the first 6 months in the number of T-CD4 lymphocytes of 50.7 cells/mm 3 (95% CI: 42 to 59.3). Initial antiretroviral regimens containing dolutegravir were well tolerated and effective in viral suppression during the first 24 weeks after initiating treatment. The occurrence of adverse events was low, either mild or moderate.

Are Brazilian Behavior Analysts Publishing Outside the Box? A Survey of General Science Media.

Recent studies have stressed the importance of disseminating behavior analysis to a more diverse audience and have provided ways to do so effectively. General science publications offer an attractive venue for communicating with a scientifically educated public. The present study examines behavior analysis research published in Science Today and Research Fapesp, monthly general science publications published by the Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science and São Paulo Research Foundation, respectively. Behavior analytic terms were searched in issues published from 2003 to 2014, along with psychoanalytic terms as a comparative measure. Only 13 behavior analysis articles were found, while psychoanalytic articles totaled 150. Six of the behavior analysis articles misconstrue fundamental concepts of behavior analysis. The study recommends that behavior analysis researchers extend the dissemination of their findings outside the box.

O efeito de instruções e de mudanças de instruções sobre o comportamento em DRL / Effect of rules and rule change on the behavior in DRL / El efecto de la instrucciones y de cambios de instrucciones sobre el comportamiento en DRL

O objetivo foi investigar o efeito da história comportamental com regras correspondentes, discrepantes e mínimas sobre o seguimento de uma regra discrepante subsequente. Participaram 20 estudantes universitários distribuídos em quatro grupos. Nas duas fases do estudo a tarefa foi clicar um botão e ganhar pontos, liberados de acordo com um DRL 5 segundos. Na Fase 1, os grupos foram caracterizados de acordo com a instrução fornecida: Grupo Controle e Grupo IM (Instrução Mínima), Grupo IC (Instrução Correspondente) e Grupo ID (Instrução Discrepante). Na Fase 2 o Grupo Controle recebeu novamente a instrução mínima e os demais grupos receberam uma instrução discrepante. A IM informava que os participantes deveriam ganhar pontos usando o mouse; a IC dizia que deveriam pressionar o botão a cada 5 s e a ID dizia que deveriam pressionar o botão a cada segundo. Os resultados do presente estudo sugeriram que as histórias com instruções correspondentes (Grupo IC) e discrepantes (Grupo ID) na Fase 1 aumentaram o tempo necessário para o contato com as contingências programadas na Fase 2 e a história com instruções mínimas aumentou a probabilidade de sensibilidade comportamental.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of behavioral history with correspondent, discrepant and minimum rules on the following of a subsequent discrepant rule. The participants were twenty students distributed into four groups. Along two phases the tasks was clicking a button and earn points released in accordance with a DRL 5 seconds. In Phase 1, groups were assigned according to the instruction provided to them: Group Control and Group IM (Minimum Instruction), Group IC (Correspondent Instruction) and Group ID (Discrepant Instruction). In Phase 2, participants of Group Control received the same minimum instruction and participants from the other groups received a new discrepant instruction. The MI informed that participants should earn points using the mouse; The CI informed that participant should press the button every 5 seconds and the DI informed that they should press the button every second. Results obtained suggested that histories with correspondent (Group IC) and discrepant (Group ID) instructions increased the time needed to contact the programmed contingencies in Phase 2 and the history with minimal instructions increased the likelihood of behavioral sensitivity.

El objetivo fue investigar el efecto de la historia comportamental con reglas correspondientes, discrepantes y mínimas sobre el seguimiento de una regla discrepante subsecuente. Participaron 20 universitarios distribuidos en cuatro grupos. En las dos fases del estudio la tarea fue clicar en un botón y ganar puntos, liberados de acuerdo con un DRL 5 segundos. En la Fase 1, los grupos fueron caracterizados de acuerdo con la instrucción suministrada: Grupo Control y Grupo IM (instrucción mínima), Grupo IC (Instrucción Correspondiente) y Grupo ID (Instrucción Discrepante). En la Fase 2 el Grupo Control recibió nuevamente la instrucción mínima y los demás grupos recibieron una instrucción discrepante. La IM informaba que los participantes deberían ganar puntos usando el ratón; la IC decía que deberían presionar el botón a cada 5 s y la ID decía que deberían presionar el botón a cada segundo. Los resultados del presente estudio sugirieron que las historias con instrucciones correspondientes (Grupo IC) y discrepantes (Grupo ID) en la Fase 1 aumentaron el tiempo necesario para el contacto con las contingencias programadas en la Fase 2 y la historia con instrucciones mínimas aumentó la posibilidad de sensibilidad comportamental.