Structural and Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Spix's Yellow-Toothed Cavy (Galea spixii, Wagler, 1831) Tongue.

The tongue is a fundamental organ in feeding, vocalization, and grooming. It is characterized by evolutionary adaptations reflected by diet, habitat, and function. Rodents are a very diverse mammalian order and the tongue's morphology varies in size, form, and presence of papillae. This work aimed to describe the morphological and ultrastructural aspects of the tongue of Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii, Wagler, 1831). Tongues of Spix's yellow-toothed cavies were analyzed with light microscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the tongue was divided into apex, body, and root. There were different types of papillae, such as vallate, foliate, laterally placed fungiform, fungiform, filiform, and robust filiform. The epithelium was organized into layers, including keratinized, granulous, spinous, and basal, below were lamina propria, and musculature, which evolved mucous and serous gland clusters. The tongue of Spix's yellow-toothed cavy was structurally and ultrastructurally similar to other rodents and had papillae with similar morphologies to other Caviidae species. However, the presence of robust filiform papillary lines and laterally placed fungiform papillae showed the main differences from other species. This was the first description of the tongue of Spix's yellow-toothed cavy.

The telocytes relationship with satellite cells: Extracellular vesicles mediate the myotendinous junction remodeling.

The peripheral nerve injury (PNI) affects the morphology of the whole locomotor apparatus, which can reach the myotendinous junction (MTJ) interface. In the injury condition, the skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) are triggered, activated, and proliferated to repair their structure, and in the MTJ, the telocytes (TC) are associated to support the interface with the need for remodeling; in that way, these cells can be associated with SC. The study aimed to describe the SC and TC relationship after PNI at the MTJ. Sixteen adult Wistar rats were divided into Control Group (C, n = 8) and PNI Group (PNI, n = 8), PNI was performed by the constriction of the sciatic nerve. The samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy and immunostaining analysis. In the C group was evidenced the arrangement of sarcoplasmic evaginations and invaginations, the support collagen layer with a TC inside it, and an SC through vesicles internally and externally to then. In the PNI group were observed the disarrangement of invaginations and evaginations and sarcomeres degradation at MTJ, as the disposition of telopodes adjacent and in contact to the SC with extracellular vesicles and exosomes in a characterized paracrine activity. These findings can determine a link between the TCs and the SCs at the MTJ remodeling. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Peripheral nerve injury promotes the myotendinous junction (MTJ) remodeling. The telocytes (TC) and the satellite cells (SC) are present at the myotendinous interface. TC mediated the SC activity at MTJ.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Lipoxygenase (LOX) Genes in Angiosperms.

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are enzymes that catalyze the addition of an oxygen molecule to unsaturated fatty acids, thus forming hydroperoxides. In plants, these enzymes are encoded by a multigene family found in several organs with varying activity patterns, by which they are classified as LOX9 or LOX13. They are involved in several physiological functions, such as growth, fruit development, and plant defense. Despite several studies on genes of the LOX family in plants, most studies are restricted to a single species or a few closely related species. This study aimed to analyze the diversity, evolution, and expression of LOX genes in angiosperm species. We identified 247 LOX genes among 23 species of angiosperms and basal plants. Phylogenetic analyses identified clades supporting LOX13 and two main clades for LOX9: LOX9_A and LOX9_B. Eudicot species such as Tarenaya hassleriana, Capsella rubella, and Arabidopsis thaliana did not present LOX9_B genes; however, LOX9_B was present in all monocots used in this study. We identified that there were potential new subcellular localization patterns and conserved residues of oxidation for LOX9 and LOX13 yet unexplored. In summary, our study provides a basis for the further functional and evolutionary study of lipoxygenases in angiosperms.

Low-Copy Genes in Terpenoid Metabolism: The Evolution and Expression of MVK and DXR Genes in Angiosperms.

Terpenoids are a diverse class of metabolites that impact plant metabolism in response to environmental cues. They are synthesized either via a predominantly cytosolic (MVA) pathway or a plastidic pathway (MEP). In Arabidopsis, several enzymes from the MVA and MEP pathways are encoded by gene families, excluding MVK and DXR, which are single-copy genes. In this study, we assess the diversity, evolution and expression of DXR and MVK genes in selected angiosperms and Coffea arabica in particular. Evolutionary analysis revealed that DXR and MVK underwent purifying selection, but the selection effect for DXR was stronger than it was for MVK. Digital gene expression (DGE) profile analysis of six species revealed that expression levels of MVK in flowers and roots were high, whereas for DXR peak values were observed in leaves. In C. arabica, both genes were highly expressed in flowers, and CaDXR was upregulated in response to methyl jasmonate. C. arabica DGE data were validated by assessing gene expression in selected organs, and by plants treated with hexanoic acid (Hx) using RT-qPCR. MVK expression was upregulated in roots treated with Hx. CaDXR was downregulated in leaves by Hx treatment in a genotype-specific manner, indicating a differential response to priming.

Oficina terapêutica como processo de resiliência no cenário dos cuidados paliativos e extensivos / Therapeutic workshop as a resilience process concerning a scenario of palliative and extensive care / Oficina terapéutica como proceso de contexto de los cuidados paliativos y extensivos

Cuidado paliativo é uma filosofia de abordagem diferenciada e integradora, cujo campo de atuação abrange doenças oncológicas e crônicodegenerativas. Cuidados extensivos é uma proposta de tratamento embasada nessa filosofia, que agrega a perspectiva de um processo de transição. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o processo de implantação das oficinas terapêuticas numa rede privada hospitalar, dentro dessa perspectiva. Será realizada uma descrição e análise de experiência desenvolvida cujo foco é a descrição das etapas do projeto desde sua implantação até o momento atual. Os benefícios identificados contemplam os seguintes fatores promotores de resiliência: o apoio social, autoconhecimento, resgate de sentido, formas de enfrentamento, questões bioéticas e processo de luto. Conclui-se que as oficinas terapêuticas como modalidade de atendimento de grupo, de forma integradora e multiprofissional, é uma área de atuação nova bem como requer a necessidade de realização de pesquisa visando a contribuir para a ampliação de seus resultados.

Palliative Care is an approach with a distinct and integrative viewpoint to oncological and chronic-degenerative diseases. Based on it, extensive care is a treatment proposition which aggregates the perspective of a transitional process. The aim of this article is to present, within this perspective, the process of implementation of therapeutic workshops in a private hospital network. Description and analysis of activities performed, focusing on the stages of the project from its setup until the present moment, will be carried out. The identified benefits promote resilience and include factors such as social support, self-knowledge, recovery of a sense of meaning, coping, bioethical issues and the grieving process. Overall, it may be said that therapeutic workshops, as a modality of group care, are, in an integrative and multidisciplinary manner, a new field of work, which requires more research aiming to contribute to the expansion of its results.

El cuidado paliativo es una filosofía de enfoque diferenciada e integradora, cuyo campo de actuación abarca enfermedades oncológicas y crónicodegenerativas. Cuidados extensivos es una propuesta de tratamiento basada en esta filosofía, que agrega la perspectiva de un proceso de transición. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el proceso de implantación de los talleres terapéuticos en una red hospitalaria privada dentro de esta perspectiva. Se realizará una descripción y análisis de experiencia desarrollada cuyo foco es la descripción de las etapas del proyecto desde su implantación hasta el momento actual. Los beneficios identificados contemplan los siguientes factores promotores de resiliencia: el apoyo social, el autoconocimiento, el rescate de sentido, formas de enfrentamiento, cuestiones bioéticas y proceso de duelo. Se concluye que los talleres terapéuticos como modalidad de atención de grupo, de forma integradora y multiprofesional, es un área de actuación nueva, así como requiere la necesidad de realización de investigaciones para contribuir a la ampliación de sus resultados.