RESUMO
We present a case of a 40-year-old woman with double-lung transplant with extracorporeal circulation (EC) due to pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary veno-occlusive disease form (PVOD)) secondary to mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). On day 6 postoperatively, abdominal pain and distension was noticed, since abdominal CT scan was performed, showing emphysematous gastritis with gastric wall ischemia and peritonitis. Therefore, emergent surgery was proposed. By open surgery approach, a total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y and esophagojejunal anastomosis was performed. On day 6 after gastrectomy, intraluminal bleeding of the esophagojejunal anastomosis was detected in control CT, which was not need any aggressive treatment. Postoperative evolution was favourable, being discharged from the intensive care unit on the day 34 and from the hospital two months later.
Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Transplante de Pulmão , Neoplasias Gástricas , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Estômago , Gastrectomia , Anastomose em-Y de Roux , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Transplante de Pulmão/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a metabolic liver disease with an autosomal recessive inheritance that results in oxalate overproduction that cannot be metabolized by the liver. Urinary excretion of oxalate results in lithiasis and nephrocalcinosis leading to a progressive loss of renal function that often requires renal replacement therapy despite medical treatment. Type 1 PH is the most common form and is due to a deficiency in the alanine-glycolate aminotransferase enzyme found in hepatic peroxisomes. Therefore, a liver-kidney simultaneous transplant (LKST) is the definitive treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. However, some studies suggest that the morbidity and mortality rates are greater when this procedure is performed instead of only a kidney transplant (IKT). Herein, we report five patients with PH and a mean glomerular filtration rate of 20.2 ± 1.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 who received a LKST between 1999 and 2015 at the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Recurrence and liver or kidney graft loss was not observed during the postoperative period and only one case of late acute rejection without graft loss was diagnosed. The recipient survival rate was 100% with a median follow up of 84 months. As LKST is a curative and safe procedure with a low mortality and high survival rate, it must be considered as the treatment of choice in adults with HP and ESRD.
Assuntos
Hiperoxalúria Primária/complicações , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Rejeição de Enxerto/epidemiologia , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Litíase/etiologia , Masculino , Nefrocalcinose/complicações , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Mucinous tumors of the appendix are a rare pathology, with a prevalence below 0.5%. Clinical presentation usually occurs during the sixth decade of life, and mucinous tumors can clinically mimic acute appendicitis. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and demographic variables, therapeutic procedure and diagnosis of these tumors. We analyze the association between mucinous tumors and pseudomyxoma peritonei (PP), as well as the association with colorectal and ovarian tumors. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed including patients who underwent an appendectomy between December 2003 and December 2014. RESULTS: Seventy-two mucinous tumors of the appendix were identified among 7.717 patients reviewed, resulting in a prevalence of 0.9%. Mean age at presentation was 64 years, 62% patients were female and 38% males. An incidental diagnosis was made in 43% of patients. Mucinous tumors of low malignant potential were significantly related to the presence of pseudomyxoma peritonei, identified in 16 (22%) of the cases. We also observed an increased risk of ovarian mucinous tumors in patients with a diagnosis of appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. In our sample, 22 (30.5%) patients showed a synchronous or metachronous colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Appendiceal mucinous tumors are frequently an incidental finding. The diagnosis of mucinous tumors of low malignant potential is a factor associated with the development of pseudomyxoma peritonei. Histologic tumor grade and the presence of peritoneal dissemination will determine surgical treatment that can vary, from appendectomy to cytoreductive surgery.
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Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso , Neoplasias do Apêndice , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/epidemiologia , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Apendicectomia , Neoplasias do Apêndice/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Apêndice/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Apêndice/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosAssuntos
Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Neoplasias do Ânus/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Canal Anal/patologia , Malformações Anorretais , Neoplasias do Ânus/patologia , Neoplasias do Ânus/cirurgia , Anus Imperfurado , Constrição Patológica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) constitutes the therapy of choice for diabetes type1 or type2 associated with end-stage renal disease, because is the only proven method to restore normo-glicemic control in the diabetic patient. METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study of a series of 175 patients who underwent SPKT from March 1995 to April 2016. We analyze donor and recipient characteristics, perioperative variables and immunosuppression, post-transplant morbi-mortality, patient and graft survival, and risk factors related with patient and graft survival. RESULTS: Median age of the donors was 28years and mean age of recipients was 38.8±7.3years, being 103 males and 72 females. Enteric drainage of the exocrine pancreas was performed in 113 patients and bladder drainage in 62. Regarding post-transplant complications, the overall rate of infections was 70.3%; graft pancreatitis 26.3%; intraabdominal bleeding 17.7%; graft thrombosis 12.6%; and overall pancreas graft rejection 10.9%. The causes of mortality were mainly cardiovascular and infectious complications. Patient survival at 1, 3 and 5-year were 95.4%, 93% and 92.4%, respectively, and pancreas graft survival at 1, 3 and 5-year were 81.6%, 77.9% y 72.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In our 20-year experience of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, the morbidity rate, and 5-year patient and pancreas graft survivals were similar to those previously reported from the international pancreas transplant registries.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/cirurgia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirurgia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/cirurgia , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Transplante de Rim , Transplante de Pâncreas , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Nefropatias Diabéticas/complicações , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIM: To increase the number of available grafts. METHODS: This is a single-center comparative analysis performed between April 1986 and May 2016. Two hundred and twelve liver transplantation (LT) were performed with donors ≥ 70 years old (study group). Then, we selected the first cases that were performed with donors < 70 years old immediately after the ones that were performed with donors ≥ 70 years old (control group). RESULTS: Graft and patient survivals were similar between both groups without increasing the risk of complications, especially primary non-function, vascular complications and biliary complications. We identified 5 risk factors as independent predictors of graft survival: recipient hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positivity [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.35; 95% conï¬dence interval (CI): 1.55-3.56; P = 0.00]; recipient age (HR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02-1.06; P = 0.00); donor age X model for end-stage liver disease (D-MELD) (HR = 1.00; 95%CI: 1.00-1.00; P = 0.00); donor value of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (HR = 1.00; 95%CI: 1.00-1.00; P = 0.00); and donor value of serum sodium (HR = 0.96; 95%CI: 0.94-0.99; P = 0.00). After combining D-MELD and recipient age we obtained a new scoring system that we called DR-MELD (donor age X recipient age X MELD). Graft survival significantly decreased in patients with a DR-MELD score ≥ 75000, especially in HCV patients (77% vs 63% at 5 years in HCV-negative patients, P = 0.00; and 61% vs 25% at 5 years in HCV-positive patients; P = 0.00). CONCLUSION: A DR-MELD ≥ 75000 must be avoided in order to obtain the best results in LT with donors ≥ 70 years old.
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Seleção do Doador/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Hepática Terminal/cirurgia , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Doadores de Tecidos/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença Hepática Terminal/mortalidade , Doença Hepática Terminal/patologia , Doença Hepática Terminal/virologia , Feminino , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is an established life-saving procedure for alcoholic cirrhotic (AC) patients, but the incidence of de novo tumors ranges between 2.6% and 15.7% and is significantly increased in comparison with patients who undergo OLT for other etiologies. Tobacco, a known carcinogen, has been reported to be between 52% and 83.3% in AC patients before OLT. Other risk factors that contribute to the development of malignancies are dose-dependent immunosuppression, advanced age, viral infections, sun exposure, and premalignant lesions (inflammatory bowel disease, Barrett's esophagus). A significantly more frequent incidence of upper aerodigestive (UAD) tract, lung, skin, and kidney-bladder tumors has been found in OLT recipients for AC in comparison with other etiologies. Liver transplant recipients who develop de novo non-skin tumors have a decreased long-term survival rate compared with controls. This significantly lower survival rate is more evident in AC recipients who develop UAD tract or lung tumors after OLT mainly because the diagnosis is usually performed at an advanced stage. All transplant candidates, especially AC patients, should be encouraged to cease smoking and alcohol consumption in the pre- and post-OLT periods, use skin protection, avoid sun exposure and over-immunosuppression, and have a yearly otopharyngolaryngeal exploration and chest computed tomography scan in order to prevent or reduce the incidence of de novo malignancies. Although still under investigation, substitution of calcineurin inhibitors for sirolimus or everolimus may reduce the incidence of de novo tumors after OLT.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is the most prevalent type of hereditary systemic amyloidosis. It is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the deposition of an abnormal variant transthyretin. It has a worldwide distribution, with localized endemic areas in Portugal, Sweden and Japan. In Spain there is an endemic focus, located in Mallorca. Liver transplantation is the only curative option for patients with FAP. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients transplanted with a diagnosis of PAF. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Six patients with PAF underwent liver transplantation between April 1986 and December 2012. RESULTS: The mean age was 57.7+16 years, patients of Spanish origin were older than 60 years. All patients had progressive symptoms as mixed polyneuropathy. In 2 patients, combined heart-liver transplants sequentially were performed. Patient survival and graft was 80% at one, 3 and 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The only effective treatment for etiologic PAF is liver transplantation. Early detection is the key to the treatment and control, avoiding the irreversible organ damage.
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Neuropatias Amiloides Familiares/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The scarcity of ideal liver grafts for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has led transplant teams to investigate other sources of grafts in order to augment the donor liver pool. One way to get more liver grafts is to use marginal donors, a not well-defined group which includes mainly donors > 60 years, donors with hypernatremia or macrosteatosis > 30%, donors with hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B virus positive serologies, cold ischemia time > 12 h, non-heart-beating donors, and grafts from split-livers or living-related donations. Perhaps the most practical and frequent measure to increase the liver pool, and thus to reduce waiting list mortality, is to use older livers. In the past years the results of OLT with old livers have improved, mainly due to better selection and maintenance of donors, improvements in surgical techniques in donors and recipients, and intra- and post-OLT management. At the present time, sexagenarian livers are generally accepted, but there still exists some controversy regarding the use of septuagenarian and octogenarian liver grafts. The aim of this paper is to briefly review the aging process of the liver and reported experiences using old livers for OLT. Fundamentally, the series of septuagenarian and octogenarian livers will be addressed to see if there is a limit to using these aged grafts.
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Seleção do Doador , Transplante de Fígado , Doadores de Tecidos/provisão & distribuição , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Fígado/mortalidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Listas de EsperaAssuntos
Transplante de Fígado , Fatores Etários , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doadores de TecidosRESUMO
La perforación asociada a infección intraabdominal difusa por Candida spp. es excepcional. Suele asociarse a pacientes inmunodeprimidos o con enfermedad tumoral avanzada. Presentamos 2 casos de perforación digestiva secundaria a candidiasis invasiva. En el primer caso, una mujer de 68 años con una perforación duodenal secundaria a Candida spp., se realiza laparotomía exploradora y reparación de la perforación duodenal. Sin embargo, la paciente requiere más de 2 intervenciones, observándose Candida spp. macroscópica diseminada por toda la cavidad abdominal. El segundo caso es el de un varón de 60 años que presenta un postoperatorio complicado de una hemicolectomía derecha, que se asocia con pancretitis, y con posterior diseminación fúngica abdominal secundaria a Candida parapsilopsis, con múltiples complicaciones infecciosas. En ambos casos se intentó un tratamiento basado en resección quirúrgica y cambio de anti-fúngicos, sin éxito. El tratamiento antifúngico precoz evita la diseminación hematógena y el shock séptico, disminuyendo la morbimortalidad de estos pacientes.
Candida spp. as cause of diffuse intraabdominal infection is very rare. Often associated with immunocompromised or patients with advanced tumor disease. We are reporting 2 cases of gastrointestinal perforation secondary to invasive candidiasis. The first case, a 68 years old female with a Candida spp. duodenal perforation. An emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed and a duodenal perforation repair was done. However, the patient required 2 more reoperation due to Candida spp. macroscopic intra-abdominal disemination. The second case, is presented in the context of a postoperative period of a right hemicolectomy, pancreatitis associating abdominal spread and subsequent secondary fungal Candida parapsilopsis with multiple infectious complications. In both cases there were unsuccessful surgical resection and antifungal change. The early antifungal treatment prevents hematogenous dissemination and septic shock, reducing the morbidity and mortality of these patients.