[Mechanism of nano-indium-tin oxide inducing pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in Sprague-Dawley rats].

Objective: To investigate the pathogenesis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in rats induced by nano-indium-tin oxide exposure, and to provide a basis for further determining the limit of occupational exposure to indium and developing related protection measures. Methods: In August 2018, a total of 40 specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats, with an age of 6-8 weeks and a body weight of (200±10) g, were randomly divided into control group, low-dose group (1.2 mg/kg) , middle-dose group (3 mg/kg) , and high-dose group (6 mg/kg) , with 10 rats in each group. After 1 week of routine feeding, the rats were given non-exposed intratracheal instillation twice every week, with an interval of 3 days, for 12 consecutive weeks. Body weight was measured every week during exposure to observe the change in body weight; The rats were anesthetized and sacrificed by chloral hydrate after the exposure ended, and lung tissue and serum were collected; Hematoxylin-eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining were performed for lung tissue to observe pathological results; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure the serum level of indium; ELISA was used to measure the levels of surfactant protein A (SP-A) , surfactant protein D (SP-D) , and the type II alveolar cell surface antigen Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) in lung tissue and the serum level of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) . Results: The pathological results showed that the rats in the control group had basically complete alveolar structure, and after intratracheal instillation of nano indium-tin oxide, uniform, eosinophilic, and unstructured granular substances were observed in the alveolar space of the low-, middle-, and high-dose exposure groups, with macrophage proliferation and an increase in macrophages, especially in the high-dose group. Negative PAS staining was observed in the control group, while substances with positive PAS staining were observed in lung tissue in each exposure group. The three exposure groups had a significantly higher serum level of indium than the control group (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the three exposure groups had significant increases in SP-A, SP-D, and KL-6 in lung tissue and a significant reduction in GM-CSF in serum (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in rats may be associated with the destruction of alveolar macrophages caused by nano-indium-tin oxide and the aggregation of pulmonary surfactants due to disorders in the metabolism and clearance of pulmonary surfactants by macrophages.

Analysis of neurotransmitters associated with neuropsychiatric status in workers following lead exposure.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between neuropsychiatric status and blood neurotransmitter in lead workers, and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of lead workers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study applied cross-sectional survey, 74 occupational lead exposed workers in a battery factory in a city of Hebei province were selected as the lead exposed group, and 62 workers (non-lead workers) were selected as the control group. The occupational health symptoms questionnaire and health examination and POMS (Profile of Mood State, POMS) emotional test questionnaire were applied to investigate the nearly emotional status of the studied objects, ICP-MS was used to determine the blood lead level of all subjects, HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) was applied to determine the concentration of neurotransmitter in peripheral blood of all studied subjects, and all results were applied the Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS: The blood lead concentration of the lead workers group (163.23±40.77 ug/L) was significantly higher than that in the control group (43.62±14.50 ug/L), and the difference was statistically significant. From the analysis of neuropsychiatric status, the neurological symptoms in the lead workers group were higher than that in the control group, among which the symptoms of sleep disturbance, dizziness, fatigue, numbness of limbs and dampness and coldness of limbs were more obvious. Among the symptoms of digestive system, the incidence of abdominal pain, abdominal distension, constipation and nausea and vomiting were higher. According to the POMS emotion questionnaire, the scores of 5 negative emotions and 1 positive emotion in the lead exposure group were higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. Related to the control group, the concentration of neurotransmitters such as DA, 5-HT, GABA, Gly, Trp and Glu were statistically decreased, p<0.001. There was a negative correlation between neurotransmitters in peripheral blood and blood lead levels in lead workers, among which 5-HT had the greatest correlation with lead levels (r=-0.569, p<0.001). 5-HT and Trp were significantly correlated with tension-anxiety (T), depression-depression (D), anger-hostility (A), Vigor-hyperactivity (V), fatigue-inertia (F), and confusion-confusion (C). 5-HT, Trp and GABA were significantly correlated with the survey symptoms, among which, the sleep disorder, constipation and fatigue had most significantly positive correlation with 5-HT or Trp, r-value was respectively 0.373, 0.233 and 0.563. CONCLUSIONS: Lead exposure not only causes the alteration of neuropsychiatric behavior of lead workers, but also changes gastrointestinal symptoms. Serotonin may be involved as the main neurotransmitter synthesized in intestinal, and the synthesis and metabolism may be regulated by intestinal flora.

[Efficiency analysis on functional protection of nerve plane-oriented laparoscopic total mesorectal excision].

Objective: Using previous total mesorectal excision with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation (PANP+TME) and simple total mesorectal excision (TME) without emphasis on retained nerves as control, we explore the advantages of nerve plane-oriented laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (NPO+LTME) on urinary and sexual function. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Case inclusion criteria: (1) male patients with pathologically confirmed middle and low rectal adenocarcinoma (4 to 11 cm from the anus); (2) stage T1-2tumor; (3) normal sexual life before operation. Exclusion criteria: (1) no pathological diagnosis before surgery; (2) local recurrence or distant metastasis; (3) preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; (4) opensurgery and laparoscopic surgery conversionto open; (5) no follow-up data. According to the above criteria, clinical data of 173 male patients with low and middle rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent radical operation for laparoscopic rectal cancer from July 2003 to July 2018 at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Wuhan University People's Hospital were collected. According to different surgical methods, patients were divided into TME group (58 cases), PANP+TME group (63 cases) and NPO+LTME group (52 cases). There were no significant differences in the baseline data including age, body mass index and pathological examination between the 3 groups (all P>0.05). The nerve plane referred to the nerve, the adipose tissue, the extremely finecapillaries around the nerve with overlying fine membranous tissue. NPO+LTME referred to the process of laparoscopic TME guided by the nerve plane, performing in the loose connective tissue between the nerve plane and the rectal properfascia, in order to ensure the integrity of the nerve plane, and maximally protect the patient's urinary and reproductive functions. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, urinary catheter removal time, urinary function grading, postoperative first erection time, and erectile function and ejaculation function were observed and compared among the 3 groups at 3- and 6-month after operation. Results: In the NPO+LTME group, the PANP+TME group and the TME group, the operation time was (181.9±24.5) minutes, (176.7±29.2) minutes and (137.7±16.2) minutes, respectively (F=54.868, P<0.001); the intraoperative blood lost was (6.0±1.4) ml, (6.5±1.8) ml and (12.8±4.6) ml, respectively (F=95.016, P<0.001); the time to postoperative removal of the catheter was (2.4±1.1) days, (3.7 ±1.7) days and (6.5±2.4) days, respectively (F=79.409, P<0.001); the first postoperative erection time was (1.6±0.6) days, (8.9±2.7) days and (15.9±6.8) days (F=177.677, P<0.001), respectively, whose differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.01). In comparison of urinary function grading, the proportion of grade I (normal function, no urinary dysfunction) in the NPO+LTME, the ANP+TME group and the TME group was 84.1% (53/63), 39.7% (23/58) and 19.2% (10/52), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (H=52.915, P<0.001). At postoperative 3- and 6-month, proportion of patients with grade I erectile function (normal erectile function) was 77.8% (49/63) and 85.7% (54/63), 44.8% (26/58) and 53.4% (31/58), 28.8% (15/52) and 48.1% (25/52) in the NPO+LTME group, the PANP+TME group, and the TME group, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (H=91.709, P<0.001; H=79.692, P<0.001). The proportion of patients with grade I ejaculation function (with ejaculation, no abnormalities in routine semen examination before and after surgery) at 3- and 6-month after surgery in the NPO+LTME group, the PANP+TME group and the TME group was 82.5% (52/63) and 87.3% (55/63), 53.4% (31/58) and 60.3% (35/58), 28.8% (15/52) and 46.1% (24/52), respectively. The differences were statistically significant as well (H=86.543, P<0.001; H=78.667, P<0.001). Patients in the NPO+LTME group had no grade III erections and ejaculation disorders. Conclusion: The surgical procedure of NPO+LTME can promote the recovery of postoperative neurological function and preserve urination and sexual function better.

Expression of profilin-1 in endothelial cells of rats with acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression of profilin-1 in endothelial cells of rats with acute myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the myocardial infarction (model) group (n=10) and sham-operation (control) group (n=10). The expression of profilin-1 and phosphorylated extracellular signal kinase (pERK1/2) in aortic endothelial cells, indexes of endothelial injury [levels of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and nitric oxide (NO)], indexes of myocardial injury [cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)], and mRNA levels of myocardial apoptotic factors (P53, Fas, Bax, and Bcl-2) in rats between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The expression of profilin-1 and pERK1/2 in aortic endothelial cells of rats in the model group was higher than in the control group (p<0.05), the levels of EMPs were increased, and NO levels were lower (p<0.05); cTnT and CK-MB in myocardial tissue, and mRNA of pro-apoptotic factors (P53, Fas, and Bax) were increased, whereas Bcl-2 mRNA was decreased (p<0.05). The protein expression of profilin-1 and pERK1 was positively correlated with the levels of cTnT, CK-MB, EMP, P53, Fas, and Bax, and negatively correlated with the levels of NO and Bcl-2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The high expression of profilin-1 is an important mechanism of acute myocardial infarction, and is expected to become a new target for the treatment of myocardial infarction.

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with radiofrequency thermocoagulation: report of 890 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To study the modified method of radiofrequency thermocoagulation for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. METHODS: The sensory root of semilunar ganglion of trigeminal nerve in the foramen ovale was punctured by needle, which connected with electrode of radiofrequency thermocoagulation instrument. First, the right position was located by rectangle wave stimulation; second, the temperature was up to 88 degrees centigrade quickly, 2 to 3 sections of the sensory root were coagulated but it is not necessary to overstress the preservation of the tactile sensation of the face. RESULTS: Of 890 patients, the efficacy rate was 98.2%, the ineffective rate was 0.49%, the recurrence rate was 10.67% with a follow-up period of 1-10 years. Pains can be controlled by radiofrequency thermocoagulation for patients with recurrence. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency thermocoagulation was a safe, simple and effective method. It is important that precise location and strict manipulation could avoid severe complications. Quick heating could relieve patients' pain and thermocoagulation of multi sections could decrease recurrence.