[Study on relationships between seven microsatellite loci and somatic cell score in Beijing Holstein cows].

Genetic variation of seven microsatellite loci BM1818, BM1258, BM1443, BM1905, BM302, BM4505 and CYP21 which were closely linked to somatic cell score (SCS) was analyzed in 240 Beijing Holstein cows with nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Allele frequencies, heterozygosity, polymorphic information content, the effective number of alleles of seven microsatellite loci were calculated. Relationships between seven microsatellite loci and somatic cell score in Beijing Holstein cows were primarily analyzed by least squares linear model. Least squares means of SCS for BM1818 (284 bp/284 bp), BM1258 (106 bp/92 bp), BM1443 (166 bp/160 bp), BM1905 (187 bp/187 bp), BM302 (142 bp/140 bp), BM4505 (240 bp/236 bp) and CYP21 (215 bp/198 bp) were relatively lower,and their genotypes were the most favorable genotypes in respective locus for mastitis resistance. Least squares means of SCS for BM1818 (286 bp/286 bp), BM1258 (102 bp/102 bp), BM1443 (170 bp/160 bp), BM1905 (197 bp/195 bp), BM302 (154 bp/145 bp), BM4505 (240 bp/238 bp) and CYP21 (204 bp/192 bp) were relatively higher,and their genotypes were the most unfavorable genotypes in respective locus for mastitis resistance. The information found in the present study would be very important for improving mastitis resistance in dairy cattle by marker assisted selection.

A sustainable landscape ecosystem design: a case study.

Landscape planning is clearly ecologically and socially relevant. Concern about sustainability between human and environment is now a driving paradigm for this professional. However, the explosion of the sustainable landscape in China is a very recent phenomenon. What is the sustainable landscape? How is this realized in practice? In this article, on the basis of the reviews of history and perplexities of Chinese landscape and nature analysis of sustainable landscape, the ecothinking model, an implemental tool for sustainable landscape, was developed, which applies ecothinking in vision, culture, conservation and development of site, and the process of public participation for a harmonious relationship between human and environment. And a case study of the south entrance of TongNiuling Scenic Area was carried out, in which the most optimum scenario was chosen from among three models according to the ecothinking model, to illustrate the construction of the ecothinking model and how to achieve a sustainable landscape.