Migratory connectivity then and now: a northward shift in breeding origins of a long-distance migratory bird wintering in the tropics.

Temporal variation in the connectivity of populations of migratory animals has not been widely documented, despite having important repercussions for population ecology and conservation. Because the long-distance movements of migratory animals link ecologically distinct and geographically distant areas of the world, changes in the abundance and migratory patterns of species may reflect differential drivers of demographic trends acting over various spatial scales. Using stable hydrogen isotope analyses (δ2H) of feathers from historical museum specimens and contemporary samples obtained in the field, we provide evidence for an approximately 600 km northward shift over 45 years in the breeding origin of a species of songbird of major conservation concern (blackpoll warbler, Setophaga striata) wintering in the foothills of the eastern Andes of Colombia. Our finding mirrors predictions of range shifts for boreal-breeding species under warming climate scenarios and habitat loss in the temperate zone, and underscores likely drivers of widespread declines in populations of migratory birds. Our work also highlights the value of natural history collections to document the effects of global change on biodiversity.

Morphophysiological plasticity in a wheat variety in response to NaCl stress and its alleviation by exogenous abscisic acid.

Nowadays, soil salinity is the most unfavourable abiotic factors for plant growth, causing important yield loss of many crops. A partial solution to this situation is to establish crop varieties in these areas affected which are tolerant to stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate in a wheat variety, the morphophysiological plasticity to sodium chloride (NaCl) stress and the effect of exogenous Abscisic Acid (ABA) on physiological variables. This was carried out by using the BI3000 wheat variety, for regional adaptability experiments. The germination percentage, coleoptile and radicle growth and root anatomic were evaluated, both seedling irrigated with water or saline solution. On the other hand, ABA sprays were applied to wheat plants and their biomass, pigment, stomatal behaviour and cellular membrane injuries were determined after salt treatments. In this study, it was possible to determine that the BI3000 wheat variety can grow in high electrical conductivity, with good germination and seedling growth. This variety showed less radical anatomic variations under salinity, what allows a faster plasticity to adapt. ABA applications suggest a protective role in plants under salinity, due to an increase in chlorophyll and carotene content, stability of cell membranes and stomatal behavior. This study is a contribution to a better understanding of the morphophysiological responses of glycophytic plants to salt stress. This have been pointed out as a useful approach to show more tolerance to salt stress crops in the future and it suggests that ABA could help improve agriculture production in areas affected by this stress.

Abordaje del esguince de tobillo para el médico general / Approach of ankle sprain for the general physician

El esguince de tobillo es una de las patologías musculo esqueléticas más frecuentes tanto para el deportista como para la población en general, presentándose en el 30 % de las lesiones deportivas causando pérdida considerable de tiempo por discapacidad, y un costo elevado en la atención médica. La lesión más frecuente se presenta en el ligamento lateral en el 85% de los casos, 10% comprometen la sindesmosis y 5% el ligamento deltoideo. El esguince de tobillo se clasifica en 3 grados dependiendo de las características clínicas y de los hallazgos del examen físico, con lo cual se puede definir el tipo de manejo y el pronóstico. Dado que es una patología frecuente que acarrea morbilidad y discapacidad en los casos donde no se identifica precozmente, es importante conocer el abordaje diagnóstico y de clasificación para mejorar las tasas de recuperación y los buenos resultados.

The ankle sprain is one of the most frequent musculoskeletal pathologies for both the athlete and the general population, occurring in 30% of sports injuries, causing considerable loss of time for disability and high cost medical care. The most common injury occurs in the lateral ligament in 85% of cases, 10% compromise syndesmosis and 5% the deltoid ligament. It is classified according to clinical features and physical examination in 3 degrees, this classification is useful to define the type of management and prognosis. Since it is a common condition that leads to disease and disability in cases where it is not identified early, is important to know the diagnosis and classification approach to improve recovery rates and good results.

Características da população feminina notificada por doenças sexualmente transmissíveis no município de Araraquara / Characteristics of the feminine population notified by sexually transmissible diseases in the municipal district of Araraquara

Introdução - As doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) são doenças muito antigas, transmitidas pelo contato sexual sem o uso da camisinha que se apresentam por meio de feridas, corrimento, bolhas ou verrugas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar a população feminina notificada por DST no município de Araraquara entre os anos de 2000 a 2006 quanto ao diagnóstico etiológico, faixa etária, ocupação, parceiro fixo ou não, práticas sexuais, número de parceiros no ano, uso e freqüência do uso de preservativo. Materiais e Métodos - Realizou-se uma análise documental de tabelas com dados de suas respectivas características, com fonte descrita por Grupo de Epidemiologia - Programa Estadual de DST/Aids (PE de DST/Aids) construídas a partir das fichas de notificação de DST. Resultados - Os resultados obtidos estão dispostos através de gráficos da freqüência absoluta sobre cada caracterísca. Totalizou-se 825 notificações de DST no sexo feminino, e a partir dessas, constatou-se que a maioria das mulheres foram mais acometidas pelo HPV/condiloma acuminado seguido por tricomoníase, pertenciam a faixa etária de 19 a 39 anos de idade, eram donas-de-casa, tinham parceiro fixo, eram heterossexuais, se relacionaram somente com um parceiro no período de um ano e não faziam uso de preservativo. Conclusões - Conhecer as características que predispõem as mulheres a serem acometidas pelas DST é de fundamental importância para a enfermagem que atua em atenção primária, pois permite que estratégias específicas sejam adotadas para a diminuição nos casos de DST na população feminina.

Introduction - Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are old diseases, transmitted by sexual contact with or without a condom which display themselves through wounds, vaginal discharge, blistersor warts. The main goal of this research was to characterize the feminine population notifiedfor STD in the municipal district of Araraquara within the years 2000 and 2006 regarding their etiologic diagnosis, age group, occupation, steady or random partners, sexual practices, number of partners in the year, use and frequency of use of contraceptive devices. Materials and Methods - A documentary analysis was conducted in data tables format of its correspondent characteristics,with source described by the Epidemiology Group - State Program of STD/AIDS (PE de DST/Aids)assembled from notification files of STD. Results - The results obtained are displayed through graphs of the absolute frequency on each characteristic. Eight hundred and twenty five STD notifications on the females were found, and from those, it was observed that most women were infected with HPV/condyloma followed by trichomoniasis, belonged to an age group ranging from nineteen to thirty nine years old, they are housewives, with a steady partner, heterosexual, had only a partner in a year and didn't use any contraceptive device. Conclusions - Detecting the characteristicsthat predispose women to being exposed to STD it is of extreme importance for the nursing which acts with primary attention since it enables the use of specific strategies to decrease STD cases in the feminine population.