Evolution of the use, effectiveness and safety of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection between 2013 and 2021: results from the European registry on H. pylori management (Hp-EuReg).

BACKGROUND: Bismuth quadruple therapies (BQTs) including bismuth, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and two antibiotics have been shown to be highly effective for treating Helicobacter pylori infection even in areas of high bacterial antibiotic resistance. OBJECTIVE: To describe the time trends of use, effectiveness and safety of BQT in Europe using the European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management (Hp-EuReg). DESIGN: Patients registered in the Hp-EuReg from 2013 to 2021 who had received BQT were included. The regimens prescribed, the number of eradication attempts, effectiveness, adherence and safety were analysed. The effectiveness was assessed by modified intention to treat (mITT). Time-trend and multivariate analyses were performed to determine variables that predicted treatment success. RESULTS: Of the 49 690 patients included in the Hp-EuReg, 15 582 (31%) had received BQT. BQT use increased from 8.6% of all treatments in 2013 to 39% in 2021. Single-capsule BQT-containing bismuth, metronidazole and tetracycline-plus a PPI (single-capsule BQT, ScBQT) was the most frequent treatment mode (43%). Schemes that obtained an effectiveness above 90% were the 10-day ScBQT and 14-day BQT using tetracycline plus metronidazole, or amoxicillin plus either clarithromycin or metronidazole. Only ScBQT achieved above 90% cure rates in all the geographical areas studied. Using the ScBQT scheme, adherence, the use of standard or high-dose PPIs, 14-day prescriptions and the use of BQT as first-line treatment were significantly associated with higher mITT effectiveness. CONCLUSION: The use of BQT increased notably in Europe over the study period. A 10-day ScBQT was the scheme that most consistently achieved optimal effectiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02328131.

Indications of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment and Its Influence on Prescriptions and Effectiveness (Hp-EuReg).

BACKGROUND: The influence of indications for Helicobacter pylori investigation on prescriptions and effectiveness is unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of indications for H. pylori investigation on prescriptions, effectiveness, compliance, and tolerance. METHODS: International, prospective, non-interventional registry of the management of H. pylori infection by European gastroenterologists (Hp-EuReg). Treatment-näive patients registered from 2013 to 2023 at e-CRF AEG-REDCap were analyzed. The effectiveness was assessed by modified intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 53,636 treatment-naïve cases from 34 countries were included. Most frequent indications were: dyspepsia with normal endoscopy (49%), non-investigated dyspepsia (20%), duodenal ulcer (11%), gastric ulcer (7.7%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (2.6%). Therapy effectiveness varied by indication: duodenal ulcer (91%), gastric ulcer (90%), preneoplastic lesions (90%), dyspepsia with normal endoscopy (89%), GERD (88%), and non-investigated dyspepsia (87%). Bismuth-metronidazole-tetracycline and clarithromycin-amoxicillin-bismuth quadruple therapies achieved 90% effectiveness in all indications except GERD. Concomitant clarithromycin-amoxicillin-tinidazole/metronidazole reached 90% cure rates except in patients with non-investigated dyspepsia; whereas sequential clarithromycin-amoxicillin-tinidazole/metronidazole proved optimal (≥90%) in patients with gastric ulcer only. Adverse events were higher in patients treated for dyspepsia with normal endoscopy and duodenal ulcer compared with the remaining indications (23% and 28%, p < 0.001). Therapeutic compliance was higher in patients with duodenal ulcer and preneoplastic lesions (98% and 99%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In Europe, patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers and preneoplastic lesions showed higher H. pylori treatment effectiveness. Bismuth and non-bismuth quadruple therapies achieved optimal results in almost all indications. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02328131.

Effectiveness of a psychoeducational program for caregivers of persons with acquired brain injury: a randomized controlled trial (EDUCA-V).

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention program (PIP) compared to standard attention in reducing caregiver burden after the intervention (at 4 months) and at follow-up (at 8 months). METHODS: A multicenter, evaluator-blind, randomized controlled trial. The experimental group received a PIP intervention consisting of 10 weekly group sessions, while the control group received standard attention. The primary outcome was measured as the change scores from baseline on the caregiver's burden (ZBI). The secondary outcomes evaluated included caregiver mental health (GHQ-28), anxiety (STAI), and depression (CES-D). Trial registration: ISRCTN16513116. RESULTS: The sample comprised 76 informal caregivers (41 allocated in the intervention condition and 35 in the control). The caregiver's burden (ZBI) did not show significant differences between groups at 4 months or 8 months. There were favorable and significant changes in the caregiver's mental health (GHQ) and depression (CES-D) at 4 months in the PIP group. There were no significant differences between groups in anxiety during the trial. CONCLUSIONS: The PIP intervention group reported positive effects on general mental health and depression after the intervention but not at follow-up. We need more studies which interventions follow expert recommendations and can sustain positive results over time.

The relationship between neighborhood social capital and health from a biopsychosocial perspective: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The Social Determinants of Health (SDH) influence the health of people throughout their lives, and can be positive, protective or risk factors for the population and, in turn, biological, psychological, or social. The social environment conditions the health status of the neighborhood, population, and social group, which can be a health asset due to its strong psychosocial and socio-cultural influence. Social capital is a community asset of the healthy neighborhood that must be known in order to promote community health. OBJECTIVES: The objective is to determine the relationship between social capital and neighborhood biopsychosocial health. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA: PubMed, Wos, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The search was conducted from January to March 2023. Three authors independently extracted data using a structured form. RESULTS: Out of 527 records, 17 results passed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The positive and statistically significant relationship between neighborhood social capital (NSC) and the physical and mental health of neighbors is confirmed, that is, the higher the NSC, the more exercise, better oral health in children and physical health in pregnant women, lower tobacco consumption and lower prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus. At the psychological level, greater NSC leads to better mental health, mental well-being, life satisfaction, quality of life, self-perceived health, higher cognitive function, and less depression. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, social capital is an important SDH and health asset that influences neighborhood biopsychosocial health and should be known and researched for health promotion in community settings. More evidence is needed to support the results obtained.

Bismuth quadruple three-in-one single capsule three times a day increases effectiveness compared with the usual four times a day schedule: results from the European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management (Hp-EuReg).

BACKGROUND: The recommended schedule for single capsule bismuth quadruple therapy (scBQT, Pylera) includes a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) two times a day and three scBQT capsules four times a day. Four times a day treatments are inconvenient and reduce adherence. In contrast, adherence improves with three times a day schedules. In clinical practice, many gastroenterologists use four capsule scBQT three times a day. However, the effectiveness and safety of this latter approach remain uncertain. AIM: To assess the effectiveness and safety of scBQT administered three times a day in the patients included in the European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management (Hp-EuReg). METHODS: All Spanish adult patients registered in the Asociación Española de Gastroenterología Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database from June 2013 to March 2021 receiving 10-day scBQT were analysed. Modified intention-to-treat effectiveness, adherence and the safety of scBQT given three times a day were calculated and compared with the four times a day schedule. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine independent factors predicting cure of the infection. RESULTS: Of the 3712 cases, 2516 (68%) were four times a day and 1196 (32%) three times a day. Mean age was 51 years, 63% were women and 15% had a peptic ulcer. The three times a day schedule showed significantly better overall cure rates than four times a day (1047/1112, 94%; 95% CI 92.7 to 95.6 vs 2207/2423, 91%; 95% CI 89.9 to 92.2, respectively, p=0.002). Adherence and safety data were similar for both regimens. In the multivariate analysis, three times a day dosage, first-line therapy, use of standard or high-dose PPIs and adherence over 90% were significantly associated with cure of the infection. CONCLUSIONS: ScBQT prescribed three times a day was more effective than the traditional four times a day schedule. No differences were observed in treatment adherence or safety.

Virtual reality vs. buzzy®. efficacy in pain and anxiety management during pediatric venipuncture. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

PROBLEM: Non-pharmacological distraction methods are novel alternatives that can help to alleviate pain and anxiety generated by venipuncture in the pediatric population. The aim is to determine the effectiveness of virtual reality, compared to cold and vibration devices (Buzzy® device), as a distraction method used during venipuncture in the management of pain and anxiety in children. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Clinical trials, cohort and quasi-experimental studies, published between 2017 and 2022, in Spanish or English and pediatric age, found in Medline, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web Of Science, CINAHL and Embase databases. SAMPLE: Twenty-one studies were included and ten met the criteria for meta-analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-seven percent of the studies evaluate virtual reality, 33.3% the Buzzy® device and 9.5% both comparatively. The effectiveness of virtual reality in reducing pain (66.6%, n = 14) and anxiety (47.6%, n = 10) compared to standard care (control group), 95% CI = 1.53 [0.91-2.16], p < 0.001, I2 = 78% and 95% CI = 1.53 [1.16-1.90]), p < 0.001, I2 = 77% respectively is demonstrated. Similarly, the effectiveness of Buzzy® in reducing pain (42.9%, n = 9) and anxiety (23.8%, n = 5), 95% CI = 1.62 [0.90-2.34], p < 0.001, I2 = 94% and 95% CI = 1.40 [0.06-2.20, p < 0.001, I2 = 91% respectively is demonstrated. Comparatively, there is no significant difference between both methods 95% CI = 0.29 [-0.19-0.78], p = 0.24, I2 = 81%. CONCLUSIONS: The methods studied are effective in relieving pain and anxiety during venipuncture. Further research is needed on the level of satisfaction, adverse effects and cost-benefit. IMPLICATIONS: This study provides evidence of novel tools in daily practice to provide more humane, holistic and quality care.

Evaluation of Gait Parameters on Subjects with Hallux Limitus Using an Optogait Sensor System: A Case-Control Study.

Background and Objetives: The foot is a part of the body's kinetic chain and needs to be efficient during the entire gait cycle. Electronic Sensor Gait analysis is useful and an important tool within the area of podiatry to assess the physical state of patients that helps the comprehensive intervention in situations where the daily activity is limited. The aim of this research is to evaluate if the presence of a hallux limitus (HL) can alter gait space-time parameters and consequently can affect the take-off phase of the gait and the limitation of the range of motion (ROM) of the hallux. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was designed to verify whether there are alterations in the spatiotemporal parameters of the gait cycle between subjects with structural HL compared to the group of subjects with a normal hallux range. A total of n = 138 participants, cases (68 HL subjects) and healthy controls (70 subjects) were studied using an OptoGait LED sensor system to identify gait imbalances using OptoGait photocell gait analysis sensors. Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to stride length, gait cycle duration in seconds (for both feet) and for total stride and load response (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The limitation of the Hallux ROM may alter the normal gait patterns measured with an Optogait system. The early identification and treatment of gait disturbances due to HL are important to achieve normal gait physical activity to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Revisional Robotic Bariatric Surgery. Largest Single Centre Prospective Cohort Study and Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Robotic bariatric surgery (RBS) has seen a surge in popularity in recent years, yet questions persist about its utility concerning postoperative complications, costs, and technical aspects. RBS, while increasing in number, presents a greater technical challenge associated with more post-operative complications compared to primary bariatric surgery. In this study, we present our single institution experience and review the literature to assess the value of robotic revisional surgery. Material and Method: The retrospective review involved 42 patients (31 females, 11 males) who underwent various procedures, with the most frequent being the conversion of sleeve gastrectomy to gastric bypass (n=30). Encouragingly, no leaks or severe complications were identified. Furthermore, a systematic review indicated comparable outcomes, with decreased complication rates favoring robotic revisional surgery. Results: In direct comparison to standard laparoscopic revisional bariatric surgery, revisional robotic surgery demonstrated superior results in terms of efficacy, safety, and reduced hospital stay. However, rates of mortality, morbidity, and reintervention did not significantly differ between the two approaches. Conclusions: Considering these findings, we advocate for surgeons to acquire proficiency in the robotic technique, as part of the broader process of democratization and standardization of bariatric surgery. Embracing revisional robotic bariatric surgery can lead to improved patient outcomes, and its wider implementation may lead to enhanced surgical care and patient satisfaction in the field of bariatric procedures.

Empirical rescue treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in third and subsequent lines: 8-year experience in 2144 patients from the European Registry on H. pylori management (Hp-EuReg).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use, effectiveness and safety of Helicobacter pylori empirical rescue therapy in third and subsequent treatment lines in Europe. DESIGN: International, prospective, non-interventional registry of the clinical practice of European gastroenterologists. Data were collected and quality reviewed until October 2021 at Asociación Española de Gastroenterología-Research Electronic Data Capture. All cases with three or more empirical eradication attempts were assessed for effectiveness by modified intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 2144 treatments were included: 1519, 439, 145 and 41 cases from third, fourth, fifth and sixth treatment lines, respectively. Sixty different therapies were used; the 15 most frequently prescribed encompassed >90% of cases. Overall effectiveness remained <90% in all therapies. Optimised treatments achieved a higher eradication rate than non-optimised (78% vs 67%, p<0.0001). From 2017 to 2021, only 44% of treatments other than 10-day single-capsule therapy used high proton-pump inhibitor doses and lasted ≥14 days. Quadruple therapy containing metronidazole, tetracycline and bismuth achieved optimal eradication rates only when prescribed as third-line treatment, either as 10-day single-capsule therapy (87%) or as 14-day traditional therapy with tetracycline hydrochloride (95%). Triple amoxicillin-levofloxacin therapy achieved 90% effectiveness in Eastern Europe only or when optimised. The overall incidence of adverse events was 31%. CONCLUSION: Empirical rescue treatment in third and subsequent lines achieved suboptimal effectiveness in most European regions. Only quadruple bismuth-metronidazole-tetracycline (10-day single-capsule or 14-day traditional scheme) and triple amoxicillin-levofloxacin therapies reached acceptable outcomes in some settings. Compliance with empirical therapy optimisation principles is still poor 5 years after clinical practice guidelines update. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02328131.

Controllable X-Ray Pulse Trains from Enhanced Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission.

We report the demonstration of optical compression of an electron beam and the production of controllable trains of femtosecond, soft x-ray pulses with the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) free-electron laser (FEL). This is achieved by enhanced self-amplified spontaneous emission with a 2 µm laser and a dechirper device. Optical compression was achieved by modulating the energy of an electron beam with the laser and then compressing with a chicane, resulting in high current spikes on the beam which we observe to lase. A dechirper was then used to selectively control the lasing region of the electron beam. Field autocorrelation measurements indicate a train of pulses, and we find that the number of pulses within the train can be controlled (from 1 to 5 pulses) by varying the dechirper position and undulator taper. These results are a step toward attosecond spectroscopy with x-ray FELs as well as future FEL schemes relying on optical compression of an electron beam.

Comparison between customised foot orthoses and insole combined with the use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in plantar fasciitis, medium-term follow-up results: A randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical results of custom-made foot orthoses versus placebo flat cushioning insoles combined with an extracorporeal shock wave therapy on pain and foot functionality in patients with plantar fasciitis. DESIGN AND SETTING: A randomised controlled clinical trial with follow-up at six months. Faculty of Podiatry and Centre Clinical private of Physiotherapy, Seville, Spain. SUBJECTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Patients with plantar fasciitis were randomly assigned to either group A (n = 42), which received custom-made foot orthoses, or group B (n = 41), which received placebo insoles. All the participants received active extracorporeal shock wave therapy including stretching exercises. Recruitment period was from Mach 2019 to July 2020. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The main outcome was foot pain, measured by visual analogue scale and the secondary outcome measures were recorded by Roles and Maudsley scores respectively, at the beginning and at one week, one month and six months. RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients were assessed for eligibility. Eighty-three patients were recruited and randomised. This study showed significant differences between both groups according to the visual analogue scale. In control group, the difference was at baseline (P 0.01) and, in the experimental group was at the one- and six-month follow-up (P 0.001). The mean (SD) visual analogue scale at baseline were Control group 6.31 (1.69) and Experimental group 5.27 (1.64); and at six months were 7.52 (3.40) and 3.29 (4.26), respectively. The custom-made foot orthosis was perceived as 'good' (85%) and 'excellent' (97.5%) at medium-long term. CONCLUSION: Wearing a custom-made foot orthosis leads to a improvement in patients with plantar fasciitis; it reduced foot pain and improved foot functionality.

Assessment of Selected Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters on Subjects with Pronated Foot Posture on the Basis of Measurements Using OptoGait. A Case-Control Study.

Walking is part of daily life and in asymptomatic subjects it is relatively easy. The physiology of walking is complex and when this complex control system fails, the risk of falls increases. As a result, gait disorders have a major impact on the older adult population and have increased in frequency as a result of population aging. Therefore, the OptoGait sensor is intended to identify gait imbalances in pronating feet to try to prevent falling and injury by compensating for it with treatments that normalize such alteration. This study is intended to assess whether spatiotemporal alterations occur in the gait cycle in a young pronating population (cases) compared to a control group (non-pronating patients) analyzed with OptoGait. METHOD: a total of n = 142 participants consisting of n = 70 cases (pronators) and n = 72 healthy controls were studied by means of a 30 s treadmill program with a system of 96 OptoGait LED sensors. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the two groups and both feet in stride length and stride time, gait cycle duration and gait cadence (in all cases p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: pronating foot posture alters normal gait patterns measured by OptoGait; this finding presents imbalance in gait as an underlying factor. Prevention of this alteration could be considered in relation to its relationship to the risk of falling in future investigations.

A Case-Control Study of the Effects of Chronic Low Back Pain in Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters.

Chronic low back pain and biomechanical walking imbalances are closely related. It is relevant to identify if there are alterations in spatiotemporal gait patterns in subjects with CLBP (cases) versus healthy subjects (controls) to plan training interventions of motor control gait patterns, and thus allowing normal physical activity of the individual. This study is intended to identify if spatiotemporal alterations occur in the gait cycle in CLBP subjects (cases) compared with a control group (healthy patients) analyzed with an OptoGait LED sensors gait program. METHOD: A total of n = 147 participants: n = 75 cases (CLBP) and n = 72 healthy controls subjects were studied with OptoGait gait program. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the two groups and both feet in foot stride, for the differences of the total stride and contact, for gait cadence and total stride length of the gait cycle (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CLBP may alter some normal gait patterns measured by OptoGait; this finding presents imbalances in gait cycle as an underlying factor. The gait is part of daily life of any individual and it is an important physical activity in relation to the maintenance of an optimal state of health. In addition, future studies are deemed necessary.

Health care provided to immigrants in a humanitarian aid center in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: Objective of this study is to explore the most prevalent pathologies of the population received in the Spanish coast and to know the nursing prehospital interventions required, as well as the treatments applied and their follow-ups. DESIGN AND MEASURES: A descriptive and retrospective study. SAMPLE: A total of 481 immigrants cared for by the Red Cross in the study period. RESULTS: Dermatological pathologies were more frequent in men (32.1). In women, the most prevalent pathology was headache (19%). According to age, dermatological pathologies prevail in those over 18 years of age (31.9%) and in children, respiratory pathologies (42.9%). Relationships were found statistically significant between gender and type of disease and between specifying or not nursing interventions (p < .001). Age was also related to the type of diagnosis and the type of nursing interventions to be carried out (p < .001). CONCLUSION: In general, a good state of health was considered in the migrants, concluding that knowing the pathologies or activities to be carried out according to the sociodemographic variables would help improve the quality of the assistance.

Robotic Revisional Experience. Single Centre Prospective Cohort Study and Review of the Literature.

Background: Robotic bariatric surgery (RBS) has increased in recent years. Many doubts continue to exist regarding its utility in terms of postoperative complications, costs and technical aspects. RBS has increased its number and shows a more technical challenge associated with more post-operative complications compared to primary bariatric surgery. We herein present a single institution experience and review to describe its utility in revisional surgery. Methods: A retrospective review of our experience and a review of the literature has been conducted to evaluate the impact of robotic revisional surgery in the bariatric field. Results: A total of 17 patients (5 female and 12 male) were operated on. Most frequent surgery was conversion of sleeve gastrectomy to gastric bypass (n=9). No leaks were found nor severe complications. A systematic review showed similar results including a decreased number for complications when performing robotic revisional surgery. Conclusions: Revisional robotic surgery shows better results compared to standard laparoscopic revisional bariatric surgery in terms of efficacy, safety and hospital stay. No differences were seen in rates of mortality, morbidity and reintervention between both approaches. We encourage surgeons to learn to perform the robotic technique as part of the process of democratization and standardization of bariatric surgery.

The "CHROME criteria": Tool to optimize and audit prescription quality of psychotropic medications in institutionalized people with dementia.

OBJECTIVE: Describe and validate the CHROME (CHemical Restraints avOidance MEthodology) criteria. DESIGN: Observational prospective longitudinal study. SETTING: Single nursing home in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 288 residents; mean age: 81.6 (SD 10.6). 77.4% had dementia. INTERVENTION: Multicomponent training and consultancy program to eliminate physical and chemical restraints and promote overall quality care. Clinicians were trained in stringent diagnostic criteria of neuropsychiatric syndromes and adequate psychotropic prescription. MEASUREMENTS: Psychotropic prescription (primary study target), neuropsychiatric syndromes, physical restraints, falls, and emergency room visits were semi-annually collected from December 2015 to December 2017. Results are presented for all residents and for those who had dementia and participated in the five study waves (completer analysis, n=107). RESULTS: For the study completers, atypical neuroleptic prescription dropped from 42.7% to 18.7%, long half-life benzodiazepines dropped from 25.2% to 6.5%, and hypnotic medications from 47.7% to 12.1% (p<0.0005). Any kind of fall evolved from 67.3 to 32.7 (number of falls by 100 residents per year). Physicians' diagnostic confidence increased, while the frequency of diagnoses of neuropsychiatric syndromes decreased (p<0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Implementing the CHROME criteria reduced the prescription of the most dangerous medications in institutionalized people with dementia. Two independent audits found no physical or chemical restraint and confirmed prescription quality of psychotropic drugs. Adequate diagnosis and independent audits appear to be the keys to help and motivate professionals to optimize and reduce the use of psychotropic medication. The CHROME criteria unify, in a single compendium, neuropsychiatric diagnostic criteria, prescription guidelines, independent audit methodology, and minimum legal standards. These criteria can be easily adapted to other countries.

Mental health professionals' attitudes towards mental illness: professional and cultural factors in the INTER NOS study.

BACKGROUND: Research shows that personnel working in mental health facilities may share some of the societal prejudices towards mental illness. This might result in stigmatizing behaviours towards people suffering from mental disorders, undermining the quality of their care. AIMS: To describe and compare attitudes towards mental illness across a sample of professionals working in a wide range of mental health facilities in Spain, Portugal and Italy. METHOD: We administered a survey to personnel including two questionnaires related to stigmatizing attitudes: The Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI) and the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27). Data were compared according to professional category, work setting and country. RESULTS: 34.06% (1525) professionals of the surveyed population responded adequately. Psychologists and social therapists had the most positive attitudes, and nursing assistants the most negative, on most factors of CAMI and AQ-27. Community staff had more positive attitudes than hospital-based professionals in most factors on CAMI and in discriminatory responses on AQ-27. CONCLUSIONS: Globally, mental health professionals showed a positive attitude towards mental illness, but also a relative support to coercive treatments. There are differences in attitudes modulated by professional category and setting. Results can guide preventive strategies, particularly for the hospital-based and nursing staff.

A Meta-analysis of Prophylaxis of Surgical Site Infections with Topical Application of Povidone Iodine Before Primary Closure.

BACKGROUND: Povidone iodine (PVI) is a widely used antiseptic solution among surgeons. A meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to establish whether application of PVI before wound closure could reduce surgical site infection (SSI) rates. METHODS: Systematic review of MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases from inception to September 2017, with no language restrictions. Only RCTs were retrieved. The primary outcome was the SSI rate. Meta-analysis was complemented with trial sequential analysis (TSA). RESULTS: A total of 7601 patients collected from 16 RCTs were analyzed. A reduction in overall SSI rate was found (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.48-0.85, P = 0.002, I2 = 65%), which was attributed to patients undergoing elective operations (n = 2358) and mixed elective/urgent operations (n = 2019). When RCTs of uncertain quality (n = 9) were excluded, the use of PVI before wound closure (n = 4322 patients) was not associated with a significant reduction of SSI (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.55-1.20, P = 0.29, I2 = 51%) and was only significant in clean wounds (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.09-0.70, P = 0.008, I2 = 0%). For the primary outcome, the TSA calculation using a relative risk reduction of 19% and an 11% proportion of control event rate (CER) with 51% of I2, the accrued information size (n = 4322) was 32.8% of the estimated optimal information size (n = 13,148). CONCLUSIONS: There is no conclusive evidence for a strong recommendation of topical PVI before wound closure to prevent SSI.

Multidisciplinary consensus on the therapeutic recommendations for iatrogenic hyperprolactinemia secondary to antipsychotics.

Hyperprolactinemia is an underappreciated/unknown adverse effects of antipsychotics. The consequences of hyperprolactinemia compromise therapeutic adherence and can be serious. We present the consensus recommendations made by a group of experts regarding the management of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia. The current consensus was developed in 3 phases: 1, review of the scientific literature; 2, subsequent round table discussion to attempt to reach a consensus among the experts; and 3, review by all of the authors of the final conclusions until reaching a complete consensus. We include recommendations on the appropriate time to act after hyperprolactinemia detection and discuss the evidence on available options: decreasing the dose of the antipsychotic drug, switching antipsychotics, adding aripiprazole, adding dopaminergic agonists, and other type of treatment. The consensus also included recommendations for some specific populations such as patients with a first psychotic episode and the pediatric-youth population, bipolar disorder, personality disorders and the elderly population.