A comparative multicentric long-term study of un-augmented modified Nishida procedure vs augmentation in unilateral sixth nerve palsy.

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of three procedures: modified Nishida procedure alone vs modified Nishida procedure combined with medial rectus recession (MRc) vs modified Nishida procedure combined with MRc and botulinum toxin (BT) for severe unilateral sixth nerve palsy. DESIGN: Consecutive, interventional case series. METHODS: The medical records of a consecutive series of patients with severe unilateral sixth nerve palsy who underwent modified Nishida procedure in multiple centres were reviewed. Surgical technique was decided preoperatively at the surgeon's discretion. The preoperative and postoperative findings were compared. RESULTS: Of the 43 patients with abducens palsy that received the procedure, 32 were included (mean age 38.6 ± 19.8 years). Mean preoperative deviation was 63.0 ± 27.3 prism dioptres (PD) and mean limitation of abduction -4.5 ± 1.2. Five patients underwent a modified Nishida procedure alone, 24 patients had an additional MRc and 3 patients were also injected with BT. Overall, the average correction of modified Nishida technique by itself was 29.4 ± 6.6 PD (range 20-36) and adding a MRc corrected 62.6 ± 23.8 PD (range 24-120). Modified Nishida procedure, MRc and BT altogether corrected 95.0 ± 18.0 PD (range 75-110). No postoperative complications were observed in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Excellent outcomes with fewer complications are obtained with modified Nishida procedure alone. The need for additional procedures such as MRc and BT which increase the effect in primary position can be determined depending on passive duction and preoperative horizontal deviation.

Embolia de líquido amniótico / Emboli of amniotic fluid

El embolismo de líquido amniótico (ELA) es una complicación obstétrica con elevada morbimortalidad que se presenta en el periparto. Su incidencia es baja, mientras que tanto la mortalidad materna como la fetal permanecen muy elevadas. Se sabe que el ELA no es únicamente una obstrucción mecánica sino que influyen también una serie de sustancias humorales liberadas que afectan a la contractilidad miocárdica, coagulación y llegando incluso a una reacción de hipersensibilidad. La clínica habitual consiste en una insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, colapso cardiovascular y en ocasiones convulsiones y coagulopatía que en el 80 de los casos desemboca en una parada cardiaca. El tratamiento es sintomático y de soporte vital en función de la clínica predominante en cada momento.

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is an obstetric complication with high morbid mortality which appears in perilabor. Its incidence is low, while maternal and fetal mortality remain high. It is known that AFE is not only a mechanical obstruction but it also influences a series of freed humoral substances that affect the myocardial contractility, coagulation and even risking a hypersensitivity reaction. The habitual clinic consists of a severe respiratory insufficiency, cardiovascular collapse and sometimes convulsions and coagulopathy which, in 80 of the cases, turn into a heart attack. The treatment is symptomatic and with vital support in accordance with the predominant clinic at each moment.