[Use of a synthetic peptide of HIV-2 glycoprotein 36 in antigen mixtures for the immunodiagnosis of HIV types 1 and 2]. / Uso de un péptido sintético de la glucoproteína 36 del VIH 2 en mezclas de antígenos para el inmunodiagnóstico de la infección por VIH tipo 1 y 2.

INTRODUCTION: The HIV-2 glycoprotein 36 (gp36) is often used in ELISA. An evaluation of the diagnostic indexes of antigen mixtures with a synthetic peptide of HIV2 gp36 (5) is performed in this study. METHODS: Five mixtures of gp36 (5) and the recombinant proteins of HIV1/2 were prepared. A total of 1306 samples were evaluated with UMELISA HIV1+2 RECOMBINANT used as reference. RESULTS: The variant (V-1) showed very good agreement as regards the reference method. CONCLUSION: The V-1 variant was shown to be highly effective in the immunodiagnosis of HIV 1/2.

Assessing the carbon footprint of a Colombian University Campus using the UNE-ISO 14064-1 and WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol Corporate Standard.

Higher education institutions (HEIs) transfer skills and knowledge between industries, the government, and the public, playing a vital role at educating future leaders in creating a globally sustainable system. Therein, evaluating greenhouse gas emissions from an educational institute is the first step towards the proposed reduction targets at the local, national, and international levels. In this research, we report the first approximate carbon footprint calculation of emissions corresponding to scope 1, scope 2, and scope 3 emissions for the main urban campuses of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, using the UNE-ISO 14064-1 and WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol Corporate standard. The carbon footprint in 2019 was approximately 7250.52 tons CO2 eq, and 0.432 tons CO2 eq per person. Scope 1 emissions accounted for about 2.84% of the carbon footprint, while scope 2 and 3 emissions each contributed nearly 14% and 83%, respectively. The largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions were the transportation process (58.51%), the wastewater process (17.01%), followed by electricity consumption (14.03%), and the e-mails that are sent (6.51%). It is suggested some proposals and strategies for mitigating and reducing emissions. Colombian HEIs exhibit the lowest ton of CO2 eq. per person compared to the other HEIs. Several reasons explain this behavior across the document such as geographic location (climate and topography), cultural factors (consumption patterns and types of transportation), population size, typology (public or private), gross domestic product (GDP) of each country, and methodology implemented. Results cannot be extrapolated to the Colombian case for the differences in the local conditions; therefore, it is not possible to get solid conclusions on the CF behavior in the Colombian HEIs. In this research, we provide for the first time a carbon footprint calculation where the sociological, political, and geographic conditions not extrapolated representing a valuable contribution to the HEI's of the country. This research can be a benchmark in the carbon footprint calculation and a methodological contribution to HEIs in the country.

Apoyo social en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de cuatro comunidades de Oaxaca, México / Social support on diabetes mellitus type 2 on four communities in Oaxaca, Mexico

OBJETIVO: Comparar el apoyo social que reciben las personas con DM2 de cuatro comunidades del estado de Oaxaca, México METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal-descriptivo y comparativo, con una muestra de 152 pacientes con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de 20 a 65 años de cuatro comunidades del estado de Oaxaca; Pinotepa Nacional, San Lorenzo, San Andrés Huaxpaltepec y Santiago Jamiltepec. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. La recolección de datos se realizó por medio de visitas domiciliarias, los domicilios fueron obtenidos de los centros de salud de cada municipio. RESULTADOS: de acuerdo con los hallazgos, la mayoría de los participantes fueron mujeres, casadas y la educación promedio fue primaria terminada. Se encontraron diferencias significativas de apoyo social por IMC y por municipio. CONCLUSIONES: Es importante desarrollar intervenciones enfocados a la familia que permitan fortalecer los cambios de estilos de vida saludables, mejorar el manejo y control de la Diabetes mellitus tipo 2. De esta manera poder prevenir complicaciones a corto y largo plazo.

OBJECTIVE: Compare the social support that people with Diabetes mellitus type 2 receive on four communities in Oaxaca State, Mexico. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional descriptive and comparative study, with a simple of 152 patients with Diabetes mellitus Type 2 of around 20 to 65 years old on four communities of Oaxaca; Pinotepa Nacional, San Lorenzo, San Andres Huaxpaltepec and Santiago Jamiltepec. It was a convenience sampling. Data gathering was made by home visits; their addresses were obtained by health centers of each municipality. RESULTS: In accordance with the discoveries, most of the participants were married women whose average education was completed. It was found major differences of social support per BMI and per municipality. CONCLUSION: It is important to develop interventions focused on family that allow strengthening the changes on healthy lifestyles, improve the management and control of Diabetes mellitus Type 2. Preventing complications at short and long terms by doing so.

Linfocitos T CD4+ y carga viral en pacientes VIH/sida de la tercera edad que reciben tratamiento antirretroviral / CD4+ T-lymphocytes and viral load in elderly patients with HIV/AIDS who receive antiretroviral treatment

Introducción: La infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) constituye un importante problema de salud. La capacidad funcional del sistema inmune declina gradualmente con el envejecimiento. Objetivo: Demostrar que los pacientes VIH/sida de la tercera edad, tratados con antirretrovirales, presentan disminución de la carga viral y aumento de los linfocitos T CD4+ con el uso del tratamiento. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo de corte transversal en 44 pacientes VIH/SIDA pertenecientes al servicio de Medicina del IPK que recibieron tratamiento con diferentes esquemas de antirretrovirales. Resultados: Se observó un incremento medio de linfocitos T CD4+ de 97 cel/µL así como una disminución media de carga viral de 3 583 cp/µL después del tratamiento antirretroviral. Conclusiones: Con este estudio podemos concluir que con el uso de la terapia antirretroviral en los pacientes VIH/sida de la tercera edad aumentaron los linfocitos T CD4+ y disminuyó la carga viral, lo que evidencia la reconstitución inmunológica y el control virológico de estos pacientes

Background: Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a major health problem. The functional capacity of the immune system gradually declines with aging. Objective: To demonstrate that the elderly patients with HIV/AIDS who follow treatment with antiretroviral drugs present a fall in viral load and a rise in the CD4+ T-lymphocytes with this treatment. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective observational study was conducted in 44 HIV/AIDS patients attended in the Medical Services offered by IPK who received treatment with different antiretroviral schemes. Results: It was observed that there was an average rise of 97 cel/µL in the CD4+ T-lymphocytes, as well as an average fall of 3 583 cp/µL in viral load after the antiretroviral treatment. Conclusions: With this study, we can conclude that there was a rise in CD4+ T-lymphocytes and a fall in the viral load in the elderly patients with HIV/AIDS who followed treatment with antiretroviral drugs, what evidences the immunological reconstitution and virologic control of these patients with the use of antiretroviral therapy