Um olhar sobre o compartilhamento de equipamentos, em instituições de pesquisa, nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo: principais diferenças, semelhanças e desafios observados / A look at equipment sharing in research institutions in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo: main differences, similarities and challenges observed / Una mirada en el compartir de equipos en las instituciones de investigación en las ciudades de Río de Janeiro y Sao Paulo: principales diferencias, similitudes y desafíos observados

As últimas décadas foram marcadas por mudanças no cenário da pesquisa evidenciadas pela formação de redes de colaboração e, também, maior interação da área acadêmica e o setor produtivo. Nesse contexto, emergiram novos arranjos estruturais, como por exemplo, o compartilhamento de equipamentos em laboratórios de pesquisa e desenvolvimento tecnológico, identificados como multiusuários, core facilities, central analítica ou plataformas tecnológicas. O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer o compartilhamento de equipamentos existentes em uma instituição de pesquisa nacional no Rio de Janeiro, comparativamente a outras instituições com perfil e grau semelhante de reconhecimento, em São Paulo. Foram avaliadas unidades de instituições públicas. Apesar das semelhanças dos processos característicos à vinculação institucional e das dificuldades enfrentadas, advindas dos mecanismos da administração pública, existem diferenças no gerenciamento encontrado...

The last few decades have been marked by changes in the research scenario evidenced by the formation of collaborative networks and also more interaction in academia and industry. In this context emerged new structural arrangements such as sharing equipment in technological research and development laboratories identified as multi-user, core facilities and technology platforms. The aim of this study was to know about the sharing of equipment within those structures at an institution of national research in Rio de Janeiro and compare it to other institutions with similar degree of recognition in São Paulo by checking similarities, problems, challenges, operations and management. Units of public institutions were evaluated and it was observed that despite the similarities of the characteristic main processes and the institutional difficulties faced by the public administration mechanisms it was found differences in the facilities management...

Las últimas décadas han estado marcadas por los cambios en el panorama de la investigación evidenciadas por la formación de redes de colaboración, así como una mayor interacción entre la academia y el sector productivo. En este contexto, surgieron nuevos arreglos estructurales, tales como el uso compartido de equipos en laboratorios de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico identificado como multiusuario, instalaciones básicas, o las plataformas centrales de tecnología de análisis. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la distribución de los equipos existentes en una institución nacional de investigación en Río de Janeiro en comparación con otras instituciones con el perfil y el grado de reconocimiento similar. Unidades de instituciones públicas fueron evaluadas y se observó que a pesar de las similitudes de los procesos característicos de la afiliación institucional y las dificultades que surjan de los mecanismos de la administración pública existen diferencias encontradas en la gestión...

Wild, synanthropic and domestic hosts of Leishmania in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

Domestic, synanthropic and wild hosts of Leishmania spp. parasites were studied in an area endemic for American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), specifically in northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Domestic dogs and small forest mammals are reservoir hosts for L. (Leishmania) infantum. However, the role that these animals play in the transmission cycle of the Leishmania spp. that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis is not well known. This study evaluated 72 rodents, 25 marsupials and 98 domestic dogs found in two villages of the Xakriabá Indigenous Territory, an area of intense ATL transmission. A total of 23 dogs (23.47%) were shown to be positive according to at least one test; 8 dogs (8.16%) tested positive in a single serological test and 15 dogs (15.31%) tested positive by IFAT and ELISA. Eleven dogs were euthanised to allow for molecular diagnosis, of which nine (81.8%) tested positive by PCR for Leishmania in at least one tissue. Seven animals were infected only with L. (L.) infantum, whilst two displayed a mixed infection of L. (L.) infantum and L. (V.) braziliensis. Isoenzymatic characterisation identified L. (L.) infantum parasites isolated from the bone marrow of two dogs. Of the 97 small mammals captured, 24 tested positive for Leishmania by PCR. The results showed that L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (L.) infantum and L. (V.) guyanensis are circulating among wild and synanthropic mammals present in the Xakriabá Reserve, highlighting the epidemiological diversity of ATL in this region.