Evaluation of cardiovascular risk biomarkers after moderate consumption of red wine and cachaça in a randomized crossover trial: The Wine and Cachaça Study (WICAS).

INTRODUCTION: Moderate daily consumption of alcohol (MDCA) is associated with cardiovascular risk (CVR) reduction in observational studies. Some researches have suggested that this benefit may be associated not only with red wine consumption but also with other beverages. However, there are no clinical trials evaluating the possible CVR benefit of Brazilian spirit (cachaça) in humans. METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, crossover study including healthy individuals initially assigned to a MDCA of cachaça or red wine for a period of 4 weeks. After a one-week abstinence period, the type of drink was changed for another 4 weeks of intervention. The MDCA for both beverages was determined as a dose equivalent to 28 g of ethanol per day for men and 14 g for women. CVR biomarkers analyses were performed before and after each intervention to assess the serologic status of C-reactive protein, lipid profile, platelet aggregation and glycemic profile. This study is registered on the ISRCTN platform under number 15978506. RESULTS: Of the 42 subjects initially randomized, 2 refused to continue in the study. The median age was 44.3 ± 10.3 years and 19 were male (47.5%). Adherence to the protocol was considered ideal with 100% regular use in both interventions and only 3 individuals in each intervention group reported alcohol abuse. There was no significant variation in anthropometric measurements during the study, except for weight gain (0.7 kg) in the red wine group (p = 0.005). The median of the delta of platelet aggregation for MDCA of cachaça was 1.2% (-1.1 to 5.3) and the median of the delta to the MDCA of wine was -1.6% (-4.5 to 2) (p = 0.02). The other biomarkers didn't show any statistically significant variation. CONCLUSION: Moderate consumption of wine and cachaça was related to variation in laboratory biomarkers of CVR related to atherosclerosis. There was significant weight gain during the period of wine consumption and there was observed a difference between platelet aggregation values after both interventions.

Comparison of MB fraction of creatine kinase mass and troponin I serum levels with necropsy findings in acute myocardial infarction.

Serum levels of troponin and heart-related fraction of creatine kinase (CK-MB) mass are used as diagnostic and prognostic criteria in myocardial infarction, but the relation between those levels and the necropsy-determined size of necrosis has not been tested in human beings. In this retrospective study, 1-cm-thick transverse sections of the ventricles were cut from the base to the apex in the necropsy hearts of 27 patients aged 47 to 86 years (mean 66, median 69; 19 men). Total and necrotic areas were measured using a computer-linked image analysis system. The weights of the necrotic areas were also calculated. The correlations of the areas and weights of necrotic myocardium with the highest serum values of CK-MB mass and troponin I, which had been quantified during life by chemiluminescence immunoassays, were verified by Pearson's test; results were considered significant at p

Accuracy of Myocardial Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction After Revascularization as Assessed by Cardiac Resonance: The Medicine, Angioplasty, Surgery Study V (MASS-V) Trial.

BACKGROUND: The lack of a correlation between myocardial necrosis biomarkers and electrocardiographic abnormalities after revascularization procedures has resulted in a change in the myocardial infarction (MI) definition. METHODS: Patients with stable multivessel disease who underwent percutaneous or surgical revascularization were included. Electrocardiograms and concentrations of high-sensitive cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase (CK)-MB were assessed before and after procedures. Cardiac magnetic resonance and late gadolinium enhancement were performed before and after procedures. MI was defined as more than five times the 99th percentile upper reference limit for cTnI and 10 times for CK-MB in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), respectively, and new late gadolinium enhancement for cardiac magnetic resonance. RESULTS: Of the 202 patients studied, 69 (34.1%) underwent on-pump CABG, 67 (33.2%) off-pump CABG, and 66 (32.7%) PCI. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed the accuracy of cTnI for on-pump CABG, off-pump CABG, and PCI patients was 21.7%, 28.3%, and 52.4% and for CK-MB was 72.5%, 81.2%, and 90.5%, respectively. The specificity of cTnI was 3.6%, 9.4%, and 42.1% and of CK-MB was 73.2%, 86.8%, and 96.4%, respectively. Sensitivity of cTnI was 100%, 100%, and 100% and of CK-MB was 69.2%, 64.3%, and 44.4%, respectively. The best cutoff of cTnI for on-pump CABG, off-pump CABG, and PCI was 6.5 ng/mL, 4.5 ng/mL, and 4.5 ng/mL (162.5, 112.5, and 112.5 times the 99th percentile upper reference limit) and of CK-MB was 37.5 ng/mL, 22.5 ng/mL, and 11.5 ng/mL (8.5, 5.1, and 2.6 times the 99th percentile upper reference limit), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with cardiac magnetic resonance, CK-MB was more accurate than cTnI for diagnosing MI. These data suggest a higher troponin cutoff for the diagnosis of procedure-related MI.

Development of a pharmacogenetic-based warfarin dosing algorithm and its performance in Brazilian patients: highlighting the importance of population-specific calibration.

BACKGROUND: The main aims of the present study were to develop a pharmacogenetic-based warfarin dosing algorithm and to validate it in a highly admixed population. MATERIALS & METHODS: We included two patient cohorts treated with warfarin (first cohort, n = 832; and second cohort, n = 133). RESULTS: Our algorithm achieved a determination coefficient of 40% including the variables age, gender, weight, height, self-declared race, amiodarone use, enzyme inducers use, VKORC1 genotypes and predicted phenotypes according to CYP2C9 polymorphisms. CONCLUSION: Data suggest that our developed algorithm is more accurate than the IWPC algorithm when the application is focused on patients from the Brazilian population. Population-specific derivation and/or calibration of warfarin dosing algorithms may lead to improved performance compared with general use dosing algorithms currently available. Original submitted 26 November 2014; Revision submitted 9 April 2015.

ProBNP for stratifying patients with heart failure.

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the serum levels of N-Terminal ProBNP fraction (ProBNP) allow us to identify with accuracy the clinical functional status of patients with heart failure (HF), because the clinical diagnosis of this syndrome is based basically on clinical data when the complementary tests have lower specificity. METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with a history of HF were studied. Their mean age of was 53.5 years and 78.3% were males. All underwent clinical and echocardiographic evaluations and a test to determine the serum dosage of ProBNP. According to clinical manifestation, patients were in the following functional classes (FC), 14% FC I, 40.6% FC II, 28.1% FC III, and 23.4% FC IV. The mean ejection fraction (EF) was 0.28. RESULTS: ProBNP did not differ according to age, sex, and cause of cardiopathy. No correlation existed between EF and the ProBNP serum level. ProBNP levels were significantly lower in patients in FC I than those in FC II (42 vs 326.7 pmol/L; P=0.0001), and in FC II than those in FC III (P=0.01). ProBNP levels did not differ statically between FC III and IV patients (888.1 vs 1082.8 pmol/L; P=0.25). ProBNP values greater than 100 pmol/L identify patients with decompensated HF with a sensitivity of 98%. CONCLUSION: ProBNP values over 100 pmol/L were indicative of HF, and patients with advanced HF had values over 270 pmol/L. A ProBNP dosage test was an excellent auxiliary in the clinical characterization of patients with HF.

Cardiac troponin T for risk stratification in decompensated chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUND: The cardiac troponins are highly sensitive and specific markers of myocardial injury. They have been detected in heart failure (HF) and are associated with a bad prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and its ranges with prognosis in decompensated HF. METHODS: A total of 70 patients with chronic HF worsening that needed hospitalization were studied. Cox model was used to evaluate the variables at admission capable of predicting the combined outcome that consisted of death or re-hospitalization due to HF worsening during a 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: During the follow-up, there were 44 deaths, 36 re-hospitalizations due to HF and 56 combined outcomes. At the multivariate analysis, the predictors of clinical events were the cTnT (cTnT > or = 0.100 ng/mL; hazard ratio [HR] 3.95 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64-9.49, p = 0.002), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVDD > or = 70 mm; HR 1.92, 95%CI: 1.06-3.47, p = 0.031) and serum sodium (Na < 135 mEq/L; HR 1.79, 95%CI: 1.02-3.15, p = 0.044). To evaluate the association between the cTnT increase and the prognosis in decompensated HF, the patients were stratified in three groups: low-cTnT (cTnT <0.020 ng/ml, n = 22), intermediate-cTnT (cTnT > 0.020 and < 0.100 ng/ml, n = 36), and high-cTnT (cTnT > or = 0.100 ng/ml, n = 12).The probabilities of survival and event-free survival were 54.2%, 31.5%, 16.7% (p = 0.020) and 36.4%, 11.5%, 8.3% (p = 0.005), respectively. CONCLUSION: The increase in cTnT is associated with a bad prognosis in decompensated HF and the degree of this increase can help the risk stratification.

Serial measure of cardiac troponin T levels for prediction of clinical events in decompensated heart failure.

BACKGROUND: This study determined whether serial determinations of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in decompensated heart failure (HF) are predictive of clinical events (death, need for readmission for new episode of HF decompensation, or both) during 1 year of follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-two patients with decompensated HF were enrolled in this cohort. The first measurement of cTnT (cTnT1) was from a blood sample drawn within 4 days of hospital admission; the second measurement (cTnT2) was on blood obtained 7 days later. Forty-nine clinical events (16 deaths, 10 readmissions, 23 combined readmission and deaths) occurred during the follow-up. The independent predictors of clinical events were: cTnT1>.020 ng/mL (P<.050), cTnT2>.020 ng/mL (P<.050), and serum sodium<135 mEq/L (P<.050). Based on levels of cTnT1 and cTnT2>.020 ng/mL (+) or .020 ng/mL) are predictive of higher rates of death and hospital readmission for decompensated HF.

Troponina cardíaca T para estratificação de risco na insuficiência cardíaca crônica descompensada / Cardiac troponin T for risk stratification in decompensated chronic heart failure / Troponina cardiaca T para estratificación de riesgo en la insuficiencia cardiaca crónica descompensada

Fundamento: As troponinas cardíacas são marcadores altamente sensíveis e específicos de lesão miocárdica. Esses marcadores foram detectados na insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e estão associadas com mau prognóstico. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação da troponina T (cTnT) e suas faixas de valores com o prognóstico na IC descompensada. Métodos: Estudaram-se 70 pacientes com piora da IC crônica que necessitaram de hospitalização. Na admissão, o modelo de Cox foi utilizado para avaliar as variáveis capazes de predizer o desfecho composto por morte ou re-hospitalização em razão de piora da IC durante um ano. Resultados: Durante o seguimento, ocorreram 44 mortes, 36 re-hospitalizações por IC e 56 desfechos compostos. Na análise multivariada, os preditores de eventos clínicos foram: cTnT (cTnT ≥ 0,100 ng/ml; hazard ratio (HR) 3,95 intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%: 1,64-9,49, p = 0,002), diâmetro diastólico final do ventrículo esquerdo (DDVE ≥70 mm; HR 1,92, IC95%: 1,06-3,47, p = 0,031) e sódio sérico (Na <135 mEq/l; HR 1,79, IC95%: 1,02-3,15, p = 0,044). Para avaliar a relação entre a elevação da cTnT e o prognóstico na IC descompensada, os pacientes foram estratificados em três grupos: cTnT-baixo (cTnT ≤ 0,020 ng/ml, n = 22), cTnT-intermediário (cTnT > 0,020 e < 0,100 ng/ml, n = 36) e cTnT-alto (cTnT ≥ 0,100 ng/ml, n = 12). As probabilidades de sobrevida e sobrevida livre de eventos foram: 54,2%, 31,5%, 16,7% (p = 0,020), e 36,4%, 11,5%, 8,3% (p = 0,005), respectivamente.Conclusão: A elevação da cTnT está associada com mau prognóstico na IC descompensada, e o grau dessa elevação pode facilitar a estratificação de risco.

Background: The cardiac troponins are highly sensitive and specific markers of myocardial injury. They have been detected in heart failure (HF) and are associated with a bad prognosis. Objective: To evaluate the association of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and its ranges with prognosis in decompensated HF. Methods: A total of 70 patients with chronic HF worsening that needed hospitalization were studied. Cox model was used to evaluate the variables at admission capable of predicting the combined outcome that consisted of death or re-hospitalization due to HF worsening during a 1-year follow-up.Results: During the follow-up, there were 44 deaths, 36 re-hospitalizations due to HF and 56 combined outcomes. At the multivariate analysis, the predictors of clinical events were the cTnT (cTnT ≥0.100 ng/mL; hazard ratio [HR] 3.95 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64-9.49, p = 0.002), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVDD ≥70 mm; HR 1.92, 95%CI: 1.06-3.47, p = 0.031) and serum sodium (Na <135 mEq/L; HR 1.79, 95%CI: 1.02-3.15, p = 0.044). To evaluate the association between the cTnT increase and the prognosis in decompensated HF, the patients were stratified in three groups: low-cTnT (cTnT ≤0.020 ng/ml, n = 22), intermediate-cTnT (cTnT >0.020 and <0.100 ng/ml, n = 36), and high-cTnT (cTnT ≥0.100 ng/ml, n = 12). The probabilities of survival and event-free survival were 54.2%, 31.5%, 16.7% (p = 0.020) and 36.4%, 11.5%, 8.3% (p = 0.005), respectively. Conclusion: The increase in cTnT is associated with a bad prognosis in decompensated HF and the degree of this increase can help the risk stratification.

Fundamento: Las troponinas cardíacas son marcadores altamente sensibles y específicos de lesión miocárdica. Se las detectaron en la insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) y están asociadas con mal pronóstico. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación de la troponina T (cTnT) y sus franjas de valores con el pronóstico en la IC descompensada. Métodos: Se estudiaron a 70 pacientes con empeoramiento de la IC crónica que necesitaron hospitalización. Al ingreso, se empleó el modelo de Cox para evaluar las variables capaces de predecir el desenlace conformado por muerte o rehospitalización en razón de empeoramiento de la IC durante un año.Resultados: Durante el seguimiento, ocurrieron 44 muertes, 36 rehospitalizaciones por IC y 56 desenlaces compuestos. En el análisis multivariado, los predictores de eventos clínicos fueron: cTnT (cTnT ≥ 0,100 ng/ml; hazard ratio (HR) 3,95 intervalo de confianza (IC) 95%: 1,64-9,49, p = 0,002), diámetro diastólico final del ventrículo izquierdo (DDVI ≥70 mm; HR 1,92, IC95%: 1,06-3,47, p = 0,031) y sodio sérico (Na <135 mEq/l; HR 1,79, IC95%: 1,02-3,15, p = 0,044). Para avaluar la relación entre la elevación de la cTnT y el pronóstico en la IC descompensada, se dividieron a los pacientes en tres grupos: cTnT-bajo (cTnT ≤ 0,020 ng/ml, n = 22), cTnT-intermediario (cTnT > 0,020 y < 0,100 ng/ml, n = 36) y cTnT-alto (cTnT ≥ 0,100 ng/ml, n = 12). Las probabilidades de sobrevida y sobrevida libre de eventos fueron: 54,2%, 31,5%, 16,7% (p = 0,020), y 36,4%, 11,5%, 8,3% (p = 0,005), respectivamente. Conclusão: La elevación de la cTnT está asociada con mal pronóstico en la IC descompensada, y el grado de esa elevación puede facilitar la estratificación de riesgo.

ProBNP na estratificaçäo clínica dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca / ProBNP for stratifying patients with heart failure

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the serum levels of N-Terminal ProBNP fraction (ProBNP) allow us to identify with accuracy the clinical functional status of patients with heart failure (HF), because the clinical diagnosis of this syndrome is based basically on clinical data when the complementary tests have lower specificity. METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with a history of HF were studied. Their mean age of was 53.5 years and 78.3 percent were males. All underwent clinical and echocardiographic evaluations and a test to determine the serum dosage of ProBNP. According to clinical manifestation, patients were in the following functional classes (FC), 14 percent FC I, 40.6 percent FC II, 28.1 percent FC III, and 23.4 percent FC IV. The mean ejection fraction (EF) was 0.28. RESULTS: ProBNP did not differ according to age, sex, and cause of cardiopathy. No correlation existed between EF and the ProBNP serum level. ProBNP levels were significantly lower in patients in FC I than those in FC II (42 vs 326.7 pmol/L; P=0.0001), and in FC II than those in FC III (P=0.01). ProBNP levels did not differ statically between FC III and IV patients (888.1 vs 1082.8 pmol/L; P=0.25). ProBNP values greater than 100 pmol/L identify patients with decompensated HF with a sensitivity of 98 percent. CONCLUSION: ProBNP values over 100 pmol/L were indicative of HF, and patients with advanced HF had values over 270 pmol/L. A ProBNP dosage test was an excellent auxiliary in the clinical characterization of patients with HF