[Humanization of healthcare: perception of a nursing team in a neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit]. / Percepção da equipe de enfermagem sobre humanização em unidade de tratamento intensivo neonatal e pediátrica.

The humanization of healthcare is one of the key priorities of healthcare policies in Brazil, and directly reflects on the attitudes of user, employees and managers of health services. The aim of this study was to identify perception of the nursing team in terms of humanization of assistance in a neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit based on exploratory-descriptive research and a qualitative approach. A total of 11 members of a nursing team at the neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit of a hospital in southern Brazil participated in this study. Data was collected by means of semi structured interviews that were subsequently processed according to reference standards of thematic content analysis. This analysis resulted in three thematic categories: to humanize is to perceive the other as all-providing and all-supportive; bonding and communication as humanizing practices; and lack of ambience as a dehumanizing practice. Results showed that perception of the nursing team in relation to humanization is determined by the actual science and awareness of nursing care rather than specific acknowledgement of the National Humanization Policy.

Inter(national) recommendations to face violence against women and girls in COVID-19 pandemic. / Recomendações inter(nacionais) para enfrentamento a violências contra mulheres e meninas na pandemia de COVID-19.

This article is an integral part of the research "Violence in the context of COVID-19: global challenges and vulnerabilities", which proposes a critical reflection on situations of gender-based violence increased by social distancing protocols, required by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a 2020 literature survey, we have analyzed recommendations made by researchers and institutions from different countries around the world, with the aim of systematizing and disseminating strategies to deal with this scenario. The material is organized into two thematic areas, namely: gender policies and intersectoral actions; and strategies to face violence against women and children in the health and social work field. The recommendations are focused on the development of actions by States/governments, service networks and society in general. Part of the recommendations suggest increasing or adapting existing surveillance actions and part of them contribute with creative proposals, guiding promotional and preventive actions at an individual and collective level. The adoption of teleassistance, media campaigns raising awareness that violence is unjustifiable and the development of reporting strategies through signs and codes have been reiterated in the literature.

Este artigo é parte da pesquisa "As violências no contexto da COVID-19: desafios e vulnerabilidades globais", que propõe uma reflexão crítica acerca das situações de violências de gênero potencializadas pelos protocolos de distanciamento social requeridos pela pandemia de COVID-19. A partir de levantamento bibliográfico do ano de 2020, analisamos recomendações de pesquisadores e instituições de diferentes partes do mundo, com o objetivo de sistematizar e disseminar estratégias para lidar com este cenário. O material está organizado em dois eixos temáticos: políticas de gênero e ações intersetoriais; e estratégias de enfrentamento às violências contra mulheres e crianças no campo da saúde e da assistência social. As recomendações estão centradas no desenvolvimento de ações por Estados/governos, redes de atendimento e sociedade em geral. Parte das recomendações sugere aumentar ou adequar as ações de vigilância já existentes, e parte contribui com propostas criativas, norteando ações promotoras e preventivas em nível individual e coletivo. A adoção de teleatendimento, campanhas midiáticas de conscientização de que a violência é injustificável e desenvolvimento de estratégias de denúncia por meio de sinais e códigos foram reiteradas pela literatura.

[Alzheimer's disease and care needs: what do nurses know?]. / Doença de Alzheimer e demandas de cuidados: o que os enfermeiros sabem?

The aim of this study is to show what nurses from hospitalization units know about Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the demands of care for patients and their families. This is a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach. The data were collected through semistructured interviews. Data saturation occurred after interviewing eleven nurses in two private hospitals. Six categories emerged from the content analysis: AD characterization, risk factors, ways to diagnose, complications, treatment medication, patient and family care. It was observed that nurses have partial knowledge regarding AD, focusing their care actions only on the clinical change that caused admission. They recognize signs and symptoms but only show themselves as supporting assistants, instead of acting more autonomously in dealing with care needs and family support.

Public Insecurity: exception as routine, exceptionality as the norm in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. / Insegurança pública: exceção como rotina, excepcionalidade como o normal no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

This article is an essay on the production of public insecurity, the yield that it brings as part of a regime of fear, and its effects of normalization of the practices of exception in the rule of law. The article focuses on the ethnographic work with the youth from the slums, together with state and local police from the State of Rio de Janeiro, as well as on a survey of documentary and journalistic sources on the internet, from 2017 to 2020. The reflections are guided by the discussion of the production of insecurity as a project of power. The logic of "protection" takes the place of security. The results point to the manufacture of diffuse and immediate threats as a resource for the imposition of a political economy of control and social regulation. The health crisis has aggravated the security crisis, keeping people on alert, with a feeling of urgency, living the immediate. Collective insecurity is not necessarily an unwanted outcome. It has been an expected and effective result, a strategic means through which to produce and sustain a project of exclusive and unequal power, for the few.

Este artigo é uma construção ensaística sobre a produção da insegurança pública, seus rendimentos em termos de um regime do medo e seus efeitos de normalização das práticas de exceção ao estado de direito. Beneficia-se do trabalho etnográfico com a juventude de favela, policiais militares e guardas civis do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e, ainda, do levantamento de fontes documentais e jornalísticas na internet, no período de 2017 a 2020. As reflexões são orientadas pela discussão da produção da insegurança como um projeto de poder. A lógica da "proteção" assume o lugar da segurança. Os resultados apontam para a fabricação de ameaças difusas e imediatas como recurso para a imposição de uma economia política do controle e da regulação social. A crise sanitária aguçou a crise da segurança, mantendo as pessoas em regime de alerta, em urgência, vivendo o imediato. A insegurança coletiva não é um resultado necessariamente indesejado. Ela tem sido um resultado esperado e eficaz. Um meio estratégico para se produzir e sustentar um projeto de poder excludente e desigual, para poucos.

[Police reports on the prevention of violence among youths: experiences in Brazil and Scotland]. / Narrativas policiais sobre prevenção da violência e juventudes: experiências no Brasil e na Escócia.

This study analyzes the reports of police officers on violence prevention initiatives in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. The theoretical-methodological framework of the social sciences, based on interpretative anthropology, was used to analyze the data. The results reveal the demand for intervention at an increasingly early stage, aiming at young people from outlying urban neighborhoods in both countries. Dysfunctional family environment, social vulnerability and involvement with crime are cited as risk factors. Reports such as these, promote the prospect of negativity and of labeling youth as a "social problem", reuniting formulations that are structured on the basis of the symbiosis between the role of agent of the state and the moral ethos that supports the individual decisions of police officers. The study highlights the complexity of the interventions, and the dispute around the forms of control and the maintenance of order in the two contexts analyzed. It is suggested that future studies investigate how the rationale present in the field of public health has been incorporated into public safety policies and programs. The risks of narratives reinforcing the stigmatization of underprivileged youths in violence prevention initiatives are emphasized.

Esse estudo analisa as narrativas de policiais sobre iniciativas de prevenção da violência na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no Brasil e na cidade de Glasgow, na Escócia. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico-metodológico das ciências sociais, com os aportes da antropologia interpretativa. Os resultados apontam para a produção de intervenções cada vez mais precoces dirigidas às juventudes de periferias urbanas nos dois países. Prevalecem narrativas que reforçam ideias do ambiente familiar desestruturado, da vulnerabilidade social e do envolvimento com o crime como fatores de risco. Tais narrativas privilegiam a ótica do negativismo e da juventude como "problema social", unificando formulações que se estruturam a partir da simbiose entre o papel de agente do estado e o ethos moral que sustenta as decisões individuais de policiais. O estudo sinaliza para a complexidade das intervenções, bem como para a disputa em torno dos modos de controle e da produção da ordem nos dois contextos analisados. Sugere-se investigar, em estudos futuros, como a racionalidade presente no campo da saúde pública vem sendo incorporada em políticas e programas de segurança pública. Ressaltam-se os riscos das narrativas que reforçam estigmas sobre os jovens pobres em iniciativas de prevenção da violência.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Leuven Knowledge Questionnaire for congenital heart disease instrument into Brazilian Portuguese.

OBJECTIVE: To translate the Leuven Knowledge Questionnaire for Congenital Heart Disease into Brazilian Portuguese and to validate its psychometric properties with parents and family caregivers of children with congenital heart disease. METHOD: This was a six-step methodological study, including the translation, synthesis, back-translation, evaluation of the version translated by the committee of experts, pre-testing, and validation, for which two pilot tests were used including the think-aloud protocol. The content validity index and the frequency of socioeconomic data were calculated in a statistical programming environment. RESULTS: In content validation, the instrument showed good applicability among experts, with average content validity index of 0.8-1, while kappa agreement analysis was between 0.76 to 1; both results were considered adequate for validation. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest reliability among the evaluators, indicating the instrument's accuracy and the possibility of using it to assess the knowledge of parents and family caregivers about congenital heart disease.

The production of victims as entrepreneurs of their social redemption: young people, control and involvement. / A produção da vítima empreendedora de seu resgate social: juventudes, controles e envolvimentos.

Drawing on the results of an ethnographic study and group interviews with young people and social project coordinators from favelasin Rio de Janeiro, this article discusses the association between youth and vulnerabilities and its possible consequences for the reinforcement of negative stereotypes of poor young people through discourses that emphasize self-management. It explores the notion of production of victims as entrepreneurs of their social redemption by promoting reflection on the use of the category involved in crime, disseminated in the common sense as a new form of criminal labeling. The article addresses material and symbolic investments in poor young people, beneficiaries of so-called social projects, reflecting on the maneuvers of meanings that veil the temporality of these initiatives, characterized by moralistic overtones of merit and salvation. The fear of dying or "remaining", of not finding a job, and a series of other fears are the focus of this reflection, which seeks to broaden the debate over institutional initiatives directed at young people.

Partindo de trabalho de campo etnográfico e entrevistas grupais com jovens e gestores de projetos sociais de localidades pobres do Rio de Janeiro, o artigo problematiza a associação entre juventude e vulnerabilidades e as suas possíveis implicações no reforço de estereótipos negativos sobre os jovens pobres, por meio de discursos que privilegiam a autogestão. Explora a ideia de produção da vítima empreendora do seu regaste social tendo como pano de fundo uma reflexão sobre os usos da categoria envolvido-com-o-crime, disseminada no senso comum como uma nova forma de rotulação criminal. A análise recobre os investimentos materiais e simbólicos feitos em torno da juventude pobre, destinatários dos chamados projetos sociais, refletindo sobre as manobras de sentidos que encobrem a provisoriedade dessas iniciativas, marcadas por uma lógica do mérito e salvacionista. O medo de morrer, o medo de sobrar, de não encontrar emprego e uma série de outros medos constituem o foco da reflexão com o intuito de ampliar o debate sobre as iniciativas institucionais dirigidas aos segmentos juvenis.

Recomendações inter(nacionais) para enfrentamento a violências contra mulheres e meninas na pandemia de COVID-19 / Inter(national) recommendations to face violence against women and girls in COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo Este artigo é parte da pesquisa "As violências no contexto da COVID-19: desafios e vulnerabilidades globais", que propõe uma reflexão crítica acerca das situações de violências de gênero potencializadas pelos protocolos de distanciamento social requeridos pela pandemia de COVID-19. A partir de levantamento bibliográfico do ano de 2020, analisamos recomendações de pesquisadores e instituições de diferentes partes do mundo, com o objetivo de sistematizar e disseminar estratégias para lidar com este cenário. O material está organizado em dois eixos temáticos: políticas de gênero e ações intersetoriais; e estratégias de enfrentamento às violências contra mulheres e crianças no campo da saúde e da assistência social. As recomendações estão centradas no desenvolvimento de ações por Estados/governos, redes de atendimento e sociedade em geral. Parte das recomendações sugere aumentar ou adequar as ações de vigilância já existentes, e parte contribui com propostas criativas, norteando ações promotoras e preventivas em nível individual e coletivo. A adoção de teleatendimento, campanhas midiáticas de conscientização de que a violência é injustificável e desenvolvimento de estratégias de denúncia por meio de sinais e códigos foram reiteradas pela literatura.

Abstract This article is an integral part of the research "Violence in the context of COVID-19: global challenges and vulnerabilities", which proposes a critical reflection on situations of gender-based violence increased by social distancing protocols, required by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a 2020 literature survey, we have analyzed recommendations made by researchers and institutions from different countries around the world, with the aim of systematizing and disseminating strategies to deal with this scenario. The material is organized into two thematic areas, namely: gender policies and intersectoral actions; and strategies to face violence against women and children in the health and social work field. The recommendations are focused on the development of actions by States/governments, service networks and society in general. Part of the recommendations suggest increasing or adapting existing surveillance actions and part of them contribute with creative proposals, guiding promotional and preventive actions at an individual and collective level. The adoption of teleassistance, media campaigns raising awareness that violence is unjustifiable and the development of reporting strategies through signs and codes have been reiterated in the literature.

"Tirando o jaleco": notas etnográficas sobre as práticas obstétricas em um hospital de ensino / "Taking off the lab coat": ethnographic notes on obstetric practices in a university hospital

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo descrever e analisar aspectos do cotidiano da assistência ao parto em um hospital universitário no Sul do Brasil. A expressão "tirando o jaleco" serve como uma metáfora para iluminar o processo de conversão da enfermeira obstetra em pesquisadora em um ambiente hospitalar. Trata-se de uma de pesquisa qualitativa que lançou mão da perspectiva socioantropológica como referencial teórico e metodológico. Os resultados mostraram uma recorrente ausência de informações sobre condutas e decisões médicas dadas as mulheres, desconsiderando-as como sujeitos de direitos, a despeito do que preconiza a política de humanização do parto, revelando nuances do parto e do nascimento pautadas no modelo tecnocrático de assistência. Esse modelo de assistência vigente nos hospitais de ensino requer importantes mudanças através da incorporação de práticas com fundamentos científicos, da inclusão de enfermeiras obstetras e do respeito à mulher como protagonista deste evento.

Abstract The study aimed to describe and analyze everyday aspects of childbirth care in a university hospital in southern Brazil. The expression "taking off the coat" serves as a metaphor to illuminate the process of converting the obstetrician nurse into a researcher in a hospital environment. This is a qualitative research work that made use of the perspective socio-anthropology as a theoretical and methodological framework. The results showed a recurrent lack of information about medical conduct and decisions given to women, disregarding them as subjects of rights, despite what the policy of humanization of childbirth, revealing nuances of childbirth and birth based on the model assistance technocracy. This current care model in teaching hospitals requires important changes through the incorporation of practices with scientific foundations, the inclusion of obstetric nurses and respect for women as the protagonists of this event.

Playful Interventions Increase Knowledge about Healthy Habits and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children: The CARDIOKIDS Randomized Study.

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is an important health problem worldwide. In this context, there is a need for the development and evaluation of innovative educational interventions targeting prevention and formation of health habits. OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the impact of ludic workshops on children's knowledge, self-care, and body weight. METHODS: This was a randomized, clinical study with 79 students aged 7-11 years, conducted from March to November 2012. Anthropometric measurements were collected and two questionnaires (Typical Day of Physical Activities and Food Intake, in Portuguese, and the CARDIOKIDS, a questionnaire of knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors) were applied at baseline, at the end of intervention, and three months thereafter. The intervention consisted of eight playful workshops, which involved the presentation of a play. RESULTS: Seventy-nine students were randomized to the intervention (n = 40) or the control group (n = 39). Mean age was 10.0 ± 1.1 years. After eight weeks, the intervention group showed significant improvement in the knowledge score (p < 0.001). There was an increase in physical activity scores in both groups, but with no difference between the groups at the end of intervention (p = 0.209). A reduction in the BMI percentile was observed in the intervention group, but there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Playful interventions may improve knowledge and physical activity levels in children and, when combined with other strategies, may be beneficial to prevent child obesity and improve self-care.

[Juvenile trajectories and social interventions: repercussions for social practices and health (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)]. / Trayectorias juveniles e intervenciones sociales: repercusiones en las prácticas sociales y en la salud (Río de Janeiro, Brasil).

This article analyzes the perceptions of a group of youth from the lower economic levels of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, about the repercussions of social programs on their affective/sexual and educational/professional trajectories. From a comparative perspective, we examined the perspectives, practices, and conditions of life of 42 boys and girls, between 18 and 24 years of age, who did and did not participate in social projects directed at professionalizing and promoting the population. In particular, we discuss the impacts of interventions on concepts of health and AIDS, on indicators of social mobility and professionalization, and on the formation of social networks, including the dimension of gender. We sought to address the effects of civic organizations on the low-income youth population, in the context of socioeconomic crisis and of few social policy advances. We emphasize that in spite of the limitations of such interventions in the greater social context, the experience of social support promoted by the projects contributes to the expansion of life perspectives and the symbolic capital of this social group, with positive impacts for the health field.

Driblando a violência através do esporte: tensões na abordagem de gênero com jovens de um projeto social / Dribbling violence through sport: tensions in the gender approach with young people from a social project / Regatear la violencia a través del deporte: tensiones en el enfoque de género con jóvenes de un proyecto social

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever e analisar, à luz da pedagogia freireana, algumas tensões identificadas na abordagem das questões de gênero e violência por um projeto social no Rio de Janeiro. Ao longo da pesquisa de campo, verificou-se a dificuldade de aprofundamento dos temas, centrais à proposta, identificando-se um descompasso entre o formato de educação "bancária" adotado pela instituição responsável e a característica problematizadora e libertadora da abordagem teoricamente proposta sobre equidade de gênero e construção de masculinidades não violentas e mais inclusivas.

Abstract This article aims to describe and analyze, in the light of Freirean pedagogy, some tensions identified in the approach to gender and violence issues by a social project in Rio de Janeiro. Throughout the field research, the difficulty of deepening the themes, supposedly central to the proposal, was noted, identifying a mismatch between the "banking" education format adopted by the responsible institution and the problematizing and liberating characteristic of the theoretically proposed approach on gender equity and the construction of non-violent and more inclusive masculinities.

Resumen Este artículo pretende describir y analizar, a la luz de la pedagogía freireana, algunas tensiones identificadas en el abordaje de las cuestiones de género y violencia por un proyecto social en Río de Janeiro. A lo largo de la investigación de campo, se observó una dificultad para profundizar en los temas supuestamente centrales de la propuesta, identificando un desajuste entre el formato educativo "bancario" adoptado por la institución responsable y la característica problematizadora y liberadora del enfoque teóricamente propuesto para la equidad de género y la construcción de masculinidades no violentas y más inclusivas.

Insegurança pública: exceção como rotina, excepcionalidade como o normal no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Public Insecurity: exception as routine, exceptionality as the norm in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Resumo Este artigo é uma construção ensaística sobre a produção da insegurança pública, seus rendimentos em termos de um regime do medo e seus efeitos de normalização das práticas de exceção ao estado de direito. Beneficia-se do trabalho etnográfico com a juventude de favela, policiais militares e guardas civis do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e, ainda, do levantamento de fontes documentais e jornalísticas na internet, no período de 2017 a 2020. As reflexões são orientadas pela discussão da produção da insegurança como um projeto de poder. A lógica da "proteção" assume o lugar da segurança. Os resultados apontam para a fabricação de ameaças difusas e imediatas como recurso para a imposição de uma economia política do controle e da regulação social. A crise sanitária aguçou a crise da segurança, mantendo as pessoas em regime de alerta, em urgência, vivendo o imediato. A insegurança coletiva não é um resultado necessariamente indesejado. Ela tem sido um resultado esperado e eficaz. Um meio estratégico para se produzir e sustentar um projeto de poder excludente e desigual, para poucos.

Abstract This article is an essay on the production of public insecurity, the yield that it brings as part of a regime of fear, and its effects of normalization of the practices of exception in the rule of law. The article focuses on the ethnographic work with the youth from the slums, together with state and local police from the State of Rio de Janeiro, as well as on a survey of documentary and journalistic sources on the internet, from 2017 to 2020. The reflections are guided by the discussion of the production of insecurity as a project of power. The logic of "protection" takes the place of security. The results point to the manufacture of diffuse and immediate threats as a resource for the imposition of a political economy of control and social regulation. The health crisis has aggravated the security crisis, keeping people on alert, with a feeling of urgency, living the immediate. Collective insecurity is not necessarily an unwanted outcome. It has been an expected and effective result, a strategic means through which to produce and sustain a project of exclusive and unequal power, for the few.

Narrativas policiais sobre prevenção da violência e juventudes: experiências no Brasil e na Escócia / Police reports on the prevention of violence among youths: experiences in Brazil and Scotland

Resumo Esse estudo analisa as narrativas de policiais sobre iniciativas de prevenção da violência na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no Brasil e na cidade de Glasgow, na Escócia. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico-metodológico das ciências sociais, com os aportes da antropologia interpretativa. Os resultados apontam para a produção de intervenções cada vez mais precoces dirigidas às juventudes de periferias urbanas nos dois países. Prevalecem narrativas que reforçam ideias do ambiente familiar desestruturado, da vulnerabilidade social e do envolvimento com o crime como fatores de risco. Tais narrativas privilegiam a ótica do negativismo e da juventude como "problema social", unificando formulações que se estruturam a partir da simbiose entre o papel de agente do estado e o ethos moral que sustenta as decisões individuais de policiais. O estudo sinaliza para a complexidade das intervenções, bem como para a disputa em torno dos modos de controle e da produção da ordem nos dois contextos analisados. Sugere-se investigar, em estudos futuros, como a racionalidade presente no campo da saúde pública vem sendo incorporada em políticas e programas de segurança pública. Ressaltam-se os riscos das narrativas que reforçam estigmas sobre os jovens pobres em iniciativas de prevenção da violência.

Abstract This study analyzes the reports of police officers on violence prevention initiatives in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. The theoretical-methodological framework of the social sciences, based on interpretative anthropology, was used to analyze the data. The results reveal the demand for intervention at an increasingly early stage, aiming at young people from outlying urban neighborhoods in both countries. Dysfunctional family environment, social vulnerability and involvement with crime are cited as risk factors. Reports such as these, promote the prospect of negativity and of labeling youth as a "social problem", reuniting formulations that are structured on the basis of the symbiosis between the role of agent of the state and the moral ethos that supports the individual decisions of police officers. The study highlights the complexity of the interventions, and the dispute around the forms of control and the maintenance of order in the two contexts analyzed. It is suggested that future studies investigate how the rationale present in the field of public health has been incorporated into public safety policies and programs. The risks of narratives reinforcing the stigmatization of underprivileged youths in violence prevention initiatives are emphasized.

[Homicides in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: an analysis of lethal violence]. / Homicídios no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: uma análise da violência letal.

The evolution of rates were analyzed for the following categories: murder, larceny, bodily harm followed by death, homicide for resistance to police resulting in death, policeman killed, missing persons and dead bodies found in the state and city of Rio de Janeiro and in Integrated Public Security Area 16 (AISP 16). An ecological study was conducted for the period from 2002 to 2013, using data from the Public Security Institute. To analyze the time trend and evolution of murder charges, resistance to police resulting in death and missing persons rates, Joinpoint regression was performed, using these rates as the dependent variables and the calendar year as the independent variable. For the other categories only the time trends of the rates were analyzed for the relative change in rates at the beginning and end of the period. There were falls in rates in all categories, except for missing persons. The murder rate showed a significant downward trend in the three locations. The results contributed to definition of the pattern of violence in the three locations based on the dialogue between the social sciences, public health and safety that made it possible to establish subjective and objective aspects linked to the study findings.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Leuven Knowledge Questionnaire for congenital heart disease instrument into Brazilian Portuguese

Abstract Objective To translate the Leuven Knowledge Questionnaire for Congenital Heart Disease into Brazilian Portuguese and to validate its psychometric properties with parents and family caregivers of children with congenital heart disease. Method This was a six-step methodological study, including the translation, synthesis, back-translation, evaluation of the version translated by the committee of experts, pre-testing, and validation, for which two pilot tests were used including the think-aloud protocol. The content validity index and the frequency of socioeconomic data were calculated in a statistical programming environment. Results In content validation, the instrument showed good applicability among experts, with average content validity index of 0.8-1, while kappa agreement analysis was between 0.76 to 1; both results were considered adequate for validation. Conclusions The results suggest reliability among the evaluators, indicating the instrument's accuracy and the possibility of using it to assess the knowledge of parents and family caregivers about congenital heart disease.

Construction and validation of a questionnaire on the knowledge of healthy habits and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVES: To develop and analyze the reliability and validity of a questionnaire on the knowledge of healthy habits and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CARDIOKID) to be used in schoolchildren. METHODS: The study included 145 children aged 7 to 11 years. The measured factors were the knowledge of healthy habits and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to verify reliability, and exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the validity of the questionnaire. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 60% females and 40% males. In factorial analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test result was measures of sampling adequacy (MSA)=0.81 and Bartlett's test of sphericity was X(2)=(66)=458.64 (p<0.001). In the factorial analysis with varimax rotation, two dimensions were defined. The "healthy habits" dimension was composed of five factors (ICC=0.87 and α=0.93) and the "cardiovascular risk factors" dimension was composed of seven factors (ICC=0.83 and α=0.91). In the individual factor analysis, Cronbach's alphas were between 0.93 and 0.91. Total variance was 46.87%. There were no significant differences between test and retest applications. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire presented satisfactory validity and reliability (internal consistency and reproducibility), allowing for its use in children.

Dificuldades vivenciadas pelos profissionais de enfermagem na assistência ao paciente em cuidados paliativos / Difficulties experienced by nursing professionals in patient care in palliative care

Objetivo: conhecer as dificuldades vivenciadas pelos profissionais de enfermagem na assistência ao paciente em cuidados paliativos. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada nas bases Lilacs e Scielo, a partir dos descritores: cuidados paliativos, cuidados de enfermagem, equipe de enfermagem e doente terminal. Os critérios de inclusão neste estudo foram os artigos que respondam a questão norteadora, publicados em português, de publicações entre 2008 a 2018. Resultados: os principais achados desta revisão integrativa foram: a formação profissional, a estrutura limitada de recursos humanos, os desafios para assistir à família, situações estressantes, e as dificuldades para implementar os cuidados paliativos. Conclusão: esta pesquisa de revisão integrativa possibilitou uma reflexão sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas pela equipe de enfermagem ao exercer assistência aos pacientes em cuidados paliativos, e evidenciou a necessidade de mudança no currículo de enfermagem com o objetivo de abranger o tema cuidado paliativo, para melhorar a assistência ao paciente e sua família.

Objective: to raise awareness of the difficulties faced by the nursery professionals related to assisting patients under palliative care. Methodology: data collecting was based on Lilacs and Scielo, databases, based on these descriptors: palliative care, nursing care, nursing team and terminal patient. The inclusion criteria in this study were articles that answered the guiding question, published in Portuguese, of publications between 2008 and 2018. Results: the main findings of this integrative review are professional training/qualification, the limited structure concerning human resources, the challenges to assist the family, stressful situations and the difficulties to implement the palliative care. Conclusion: this integrative review research provided a reflexion on the difficulties faced by the nursing team when assisting patients under palliative care, and brought light to the need of a change in the nursing curriculum with the objective of broadening palliative care theme in order to improve both patient and family assistance.

Atuação do enfermeiro em centro de material e esterilização na ótica de acadêmicos de enfermagem / Nurse activity in material center and sterilization in the optical of academics of nursing

Objetivo: evidenciar as percepções de acadêmicos de enfermagem acerca das atividades realizadas pelo enfermeiro em Centro de Material e Esterilização. Metodologia: estudo descritivo e transversal de abordagem quantitativa. Participaram do estudo 34 acadêmicos do Curso de Enfermagem. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um questionário contendo as atividades específicas do enfermeiro. Resultados: a percepção dos estudantes em relação a atividades de gerenciamento do setor foi de 50%, já as atividades técnico assistências resultaram em 60% e atividades como gestão de pessoas 67%. Conclusão: a organização do curricular do curso de enfermagem em questão proporcionou aos acadêmicos uma visão geral de todas as atividades que podem ser exercidas pelos enfermeiros em centro de materiais e esterilização, incluindo a pesquisa, o gerenciamento e assistência à saúde.

Objective: to highlight the perceptions of nursing students about the activities performed by the nurse in Material Center and Sterilization. Methodology: this is a descriptive and transversal study of quantitative approach. Thirty-four nursing students participated of the study. The data collection was performed through a questionnaire, containing the specific activities of the nurse. Results: the students' perception regarding activities of management of the sector was 50%, and the technical assistance activities resulted in 60% and activities such as people management 67%. Conclusion: The curricular organization of the nursing course in question provided the academics with an overview of all the activities that nurses can carry out in materials and sterilization centers, including research, management and health care.