Communication Delay Outlier Detection and Compensation for Teleoperation Using Stochastic State Estimation.

There have been numerous studies attempting to overcome the limitations of current autonomous driving technologies. However, there is no doubt that it is challenging to promise integrity of safety regarding urban driving scenarios and dynamic driving environments. Among the reported countermeasures to supplement the uncertain behavior of autonomous vehicles, teleoperation of the vehicle has been introduced to deal with the disengagement of autonomous driving. However, teleoperation can lead the vehicle to unforeseen and hazardous situations from the viewpoint of wireless communication stability. In particular, communication delay outliers that severely deviate from the passive communication delay should be highlighted because they could hamper the cognition of the circumstances monitored by the teleoperator, or the control signal could be contaminated regardless of the teleoperator's intention. In this study, communication delay outliers were detected and classified based on the stochastic approach (passive delays and outliers were estimated as 98.67% and 1.33%, respectively). Results indicate that communication delay outliers can be automatically detected, independently of the real-time quality of wireless communication stability. Moreover, the proposed framework demonstrates resilience against outliers, thereby mitigating potential performance degradation.

Effect of 635 nm irradiation on high glucose-boosted inflammatory responses in LPS-induced MC3T3-E1 cells.

Hyperglycemia occurs in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and contributes to bone resorption and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. Hyperglycemia can incite low-grade inflammation that can contribute to the resorption of bone, especially the periodontal bone. The increased susceptibility to periodontal infections can contribute to bone resorption through the activation of osteoclasts. In this study, the osteoblastic, clonal cell line, MC3T3-E1, was used in an in vitro model of hyperglycemia and lipopolysaccharide-induced reactive oxygen species generation to determine the potential anti-inflammatory effect of 635 nm light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation or whether 635 nm LED irradiation can be a potential anti-inflammatory treatment. LED irradiation of MC3T3-E1 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in a high glucose-containing medium decreased the level of cyclooxygenase gene and protein expression and reduced the level of prostaglandin E2 expression by decreasing the amount of reactive oxygen species generation. LED irradiation also inhibited the osteoclastogenesis in MC3T3-E1 cells by regulating the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand and osteoprotegerin. These findings reveal the mechanisms which are important in the pathogenesis of diabetic periodontitis and highlight the beneficial effects of 635 nm LED irradiation in reducing the adverse effects of diabetic periodontitis.

Densification Mechanism of Soft Magnetic Composites Using Ultrasonic Compaction for Motors in EV Platforms.

In this paper, the densification mechanism of ultrasonic compaction was analyzed using a force balance model. Ultrasonic compaction is quite a promising way to solve the lower mechanical property problem of green compact in the compaction process, although it has some obstacles to overcome for its various applications. Our model proposes that the resultant density is achieved as the applied and resistance forces reach the equilibrium state. Based on the proposed model, the ultrasonic compaction increases the density of green compact by reducing the internal friction between the powder and compaction die, as well as the internal friction among particles themselves. It was also found that during the powder compaction, the ultrasonic vibration mostly contributes to slipping and the rearrangement of the particles.