ISCEV guidelines for calibration and verification of stimuli and recording instruments (2023 update).

This document developed by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) provides guidance for calibration and verification of stimulus and recording systems specific to clinical electrophysiology of vision. This guideline provides additional information for those using ISCEV Standards and Extended protocols and supersedes earlier Guidelines. The ISCEV guidelines for calibration and verification of stimuli and recording instruments (2023 update) were approved by the ISCEV Board of Directors 01, March 2023.

Asymmetric Functional Impairment of ON and OFF Retinal Pathways in Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate ON-pathway versus OFF-pathway dysfunction in glaucoma using handheld electroretinography (ERG) with a temporally modulated sinusoidal flicker stimulus. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: Fifty-nine participants accounting for 104 eyes, comprised of 19 control eyes, 26 glaucoma suspect eyes, and 59 glaucoma eyes. Methods: Participants underwent portable ERG testing, which included the photopic flash, photopic flicker, photopic negative response stimulus, ON-OFF stimulus, and a custom-written sinusoidal flicker stimulus that was modulated from 50 to 0.3 Hz. Main Outcome and Measures: The ERG response amplitudes were measured by the handheld ERG. For the custom-written sinusoidal flicker stimulus, we derived and compared the log10 first harmonic frequency response amplitudes. Patient discomfort and fatigue after ERG testing were rated on a scale from 1 to 5. Results: Baseline demographics were not significantly different between groups, except for ocular characteristics. Analysis was performed adjusting for participant age, sex, race, and dilation status, and the sinusoidal frequency responses were stratified at 10 Hz because higher frequencies are associated with the OFF-pathway, whereas lower frequencies are associated with the ON-pathway. After stratification, glaucoma eyes showed an adjusted decrease of 32.1% at frequencies of more than 10 Hz (95% confidence interval [CI], -51.8% to -4.1%; P = 0.03). For 10 Hz stimulus frequencies or less, an adjusted 11.5% reduction was found (95% CI, -39.5% to 29.1%; P = 0.50). Glaucoma suspect eyes did show a decreased response, but this was not significant at either frequency range. When comparing handheld ERG with traditional visual field assessments, participants found the handheld ERG to result in much less discomfort and fatigue. Conclusions: Our finding that glaucoma participants showed greater decreases in ERG response at higher frequencies supports the hypothesis that the OFF-pathway may be more vulnerable in human glaucoma. Using a handheld ERG device with a sinusoidal flicker stimulus may provide an objective assessment of visual function in glaucoma.

Color appearance: properties of the uniform appearance diagram derived from hue and saturation scaling.

Color appearance can be specified by a procedure of direct hue and saturation scaling. The scaling data can be represented on a 2-D color space termed a uniform appearance diagram (UAD). The orthogonal and bipolar axes of the UAD are based on the four unique hue sensations, which are blue-yellow and green-red. We have previously shown that the technique is reliable and rapid. We now show that the UAD is sufficiently uniform metrically that it can be used to derive, from a single set of scaling data, a wide range of color functions, such as the spectral loci of the unique hues, wavelength discrimination, and similarities among very different colored stimuli. The advantage of deriving a UAD is that it requires only a modest amount of participant time to generate the relevant data, which can be re-generated quickly to meet changing viewing conditions.